Preoperative Nutritional Status and Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) Prior to Radical Cystectomy: A Review of the Literature

References

• Thomas MN, Kufeldt J, Kisser U, Hornung H-M, Hoffmann J, Andraschko M, Werner J, Rittler P. Effects of malnutrition on complication rates, length of hospital stay, and revenue in elective surgical patients in the G-DRG-system. Nutrition. 2016;32(2):249–54. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2015.08.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parekh NR, Steiger E. Percentage of weight loss as a predictor of surgical risk: from the time of Hiram Studley to today. Nutr Clin Pract. 2004;19(5):471–6. doi:10.1177/0115426504019005471.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holst M, Rasmussen HH, Irtun O. Advances in clinical nutrition in GI surgery. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;9(4):467–73. doi:10.1586/17474124.2015.972371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho JW, Wu AH, Lee MW, Lau S-Y, Lam P-S, Lau W-S, Kwok SS, Kwan RY, Lam C-F, Tam C-K, et al. Malnutrition risk predicts surgical outcomes in patients undergoing gastrointestinal operations: results of a prospective study. Clin Nutr. 2015;34(4):679–84. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2014.07.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaid S, Bell T, Grim R, Ahuja V. Predicting risk of death in general surgery patients on the basis of preoperative variables using American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data. Perm J. 2012;16(4):10–7. doi:10.7812/tpp/12-019.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gillis C, Carli F. Promoting perioperative metabolic and nutritional care. Anesthesiology. 2015;123(6):1455–72. doi:10.1097/aln.0000000000000795.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiss B, Burkhard FC, Thalmann GN. Open radical cystectomy: still the gold standard for muscle invasive bladder cancer. World J Urol. 2016;34(1):33–9. doi:10.1007/s00345-015-1729-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan WS, Lamb BW, Kelly JD. Complications of radical cystectomy and orthotopic reconstruction. Adv Urol. 2015;2015:323157. doi:10.1155/2015/323157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konety BR, Allareddy V, Herr H. Complications after radical cystectomy: analysis of population-based data. Urology. 2006;68(1):58–64. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2006.01.051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kehlet H. Multimodal approach to control postoperative pathophysiology and rehabilitation. Br J Anaesth. 1997;78(5):606–17. doi:10.1093/bja/78.5.606.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerantola Y, Valerio M, Persson B, Jichlinski P, Ljungqvist O, Hubner M, Kassouf W, Muller S, Baldini G, Carli F, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS(®)) society recommendations. Clin Nutr. 2013;32(6):879–87. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2013.09.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller H, de van der Schueren MAE, Jensen GL, Barazzoni R, Compher C, Correia MITD, Gonzalez MC, Jager-Wittenaar H, Pirlich M, Steiber A, et al. Global leadership initiative on malnutrition (GLIM): guidance on validation of the operational criteria for the diagnosis of protein‐energy malnutrition in adults. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2020;44(6):992–1003. doi:10.1002/jpen.1806.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu J, Wang F, Li S, Huang W, Jia Y, Wei C. The prognostic significance of preoperative serum albumin in urothelial carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biosci Rep. 2018;38(4):BSR20180214. doi:10.1042/bsr20180214.
   Google Scholar
• Bauer JM, Kaiser MJ, Sieber CC. Evaluation of nutritional status in older persons: nutritional screening and assessment. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2010;13(1):8–13. doi:10.1097/MCO.0b013e32833320e3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel V, Romano M, Corkins MR, DiMaria-Ghalili RA, Earthman C, Malone A, Miller S, Sabino K, Wooley J, Guenter P, et al. Nutrition screening and assessment in hospitalized patients: a survey of current practice in the United States. Nutr Clin Pract. 2014;29(4):483–90. doi:10.1177/0884533614535446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cortes R, Bennasar-Veny M, Castro-Sanchez E, Fresneda S, de Pedro-Gomez J, Yañez A. Nutrition screening tools for risk of malnutrition among hospitalized patients: a protocol for systematic review and meta analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(43):e22601. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000022601.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seron-Arbeloa C, Labarta-Monzon L, Puzo-Foncillas J, et al. Malnutrition screening and assessment. Nutrients. 2022;14(12):2392. doi:10.3390/nu14122392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torgersen Z, Balters M. Perioperative nutrition. Surg Clin North Am. 2015;95(2):255–67. doi:10.1016/j.suc.2014.10.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyle UG, Kossovsky MP, Karsegard VL, Pichard C. Comparison of tools for nutritional assessment and screening at hospital admission: a population study. Clin Nutr. 2006;25(3):409–17. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2005.11.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claps F, Mir MC, van Rhijn BWG, Mazzon G, Soria F, D’Andrea D, Marra G, Boltri M, Traunero F, Massanova M, et al. Impact of the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score on perioperative morbidity and oncological outcomes in patients with bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy. Urol Oncol. 2023;41(1):49.e13–49.e22. doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.09.023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cederholm T, Jensen GL, Correia MITD, Gonzalez MC, Fukushima R, Higashiguchi T, Baptista G, Barazzoni R, Blaauw R, Coats AJS, et al. GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition – A consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2019;10(1):207–17. doi:10.1002/jcsm.12383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Groot LM, Lee G, Ackerie A, van der Meij BS. Malnutrition screening and assessment in the cancer care ambulatory setting: mortality predictability and validity of the patient-generated subjective global assessment short form (PG-SGA SF) and the GLIM criteria. Nutrients. 2020;12(8):2287. doi:10.3390/nu12082287.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allard JP, Keller H, Gramlich L, Jeejeebhoy KN, Laporte M, Duerksen DR. GLIM criteria has fair sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing malnutrition when using SGA as comparator. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(9):2771–7. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.12.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reber E, Schönenberger KA, Vasiloglou MF, Stanga Z. Nutritional risk screening in cancer patients: the first step toward better clinical outcome. Front Nutr. 2021;8:603936. doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.603936.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alam SM, Michel C, Robertson H, Camargo JT, Linares B, Holzbeierlein J, Hamilton-Reeves J. Optimizing nutritional status in patients undergoing radical cystectomy: a systematic scoping review. Bladder Cancer. 2021;7(4):449–61. doi:10.3233/blc-200428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald ML, Liss MA, Nseyo UU, Gal DB, Kane CJ, Kader AK. Weight loss following radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: characterization and effect on survival. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 2017;15(1):86–92. doi:10.1016/j.clgc.2016.06.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garg T, Chen LY, Kim PH, Zhao PT, Herr HW, Donat SM. Preoperative serum albumin is associated with mortality and complications after radical cystectomy. BJU Int. 2014;113(6):918–23. doi:10.1111/bju.12405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh JS, Park DJ, Byeon K-H, Ha Y-S, Kim T-H, Yoo ES, Kwon TG, Kim HT. Decrease of preoperative serum albumin-to-globulin ratio as a prognostic indicator after radical cystectomy in patients with urothelial bladder cancer. Urol J. 2021;18(1):66–73. doi:10.22037/uj.v16i7.6350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuettfort VM, D Andrea D, Quhal F, Mostafaei H, Laukhtina E, Mori K, Sari Motlagh R, Rink M, Abufaraj M, Karakiewicz PI, et al. Impact of preoperative serum albumin-globulin ratio on disease outcome after radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Urol Oncol. 2021;39(4):235.e5-235–e14. doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.11.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fry DE, Pine M, Jones BL, Meimban RJ. Patient characteristics and the occurrence of never events. Arch Surg. 2010;145(2):148–51. doi:10.1001/archsurg.2009.277.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ornaghi PI, Afferi L, Antonelli A, Cerruto MA, Odorizzi K, Gozzo A, Mordasini L, Mattei A, Baumeister P, Cornelius J, et al. The impact of preoperative nutritional status on post-surgical complication and mortality rates in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: a systematic review of the literature. World J Urol. 2021;39(4):1045–81. Doi: 10.1007/s00345-020-03291-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson KN, Cassady BA, Hegazi RA, Wischmeyer PE. Preoperative carbohydrate loading in surgical patients with type 2 diabetes: are concerns supported by data? Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021;45:1–8. doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.08.023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brady M, Kinn S, Stuart P. Preoperative fasting for adults to prevent perioperative complications. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(4):Cd004423. doi:10.1002/14651858.Cd004423.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith MD, McCall J, Plank L, Herbison GP, Soop M, Nygren J. Preoperative carbohydrate treatment for enhancing recovery after elective surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(8):Cd009161. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009161.pub2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorell A, Nygren J, Ljungqvist O. Insulin resistance: a marker of surgical stress. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 1999;2(1):69–78. doi:10.1097/00075197-199901000-00012.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ljungqvist O, Nygren J, Thorell A. Modulation of post-operative insulin resistance by pre-operative carbohydrate loading. Proc Nutr Soc. 2002;61(3):329–36. doi:10.1079/pns2002168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato H, Carvalho G, Sato T, Lattermann R, Matsukawa T, Schricker T. The association of preoperative glycemic control, intraoperative insulin sensitivity, and outcomes after cardiac surgery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(9):4338–44. doi:10.1210/jc.2010-0135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zelić M, Stimac D, Mendrila D, Tokmadžić VS, Fišić E, Uravić M, Sustić A. Influence of preoperative oral feeding on stress response after resection for colon cancer. Hepatogastroenterology. 2012;59(117):1385–9. doi:10.5754/hge10556.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rettig TC, Verwijmeren L, Dijkstra IM, Boerma D, van de Garde EM, Noordzij PG. Postoperative interleukin-6 level and early detection of complications after elective major abdominal surgery. Ann Surg. 2016;263(6):1207–12. doi:10.1097/sla.0000000000001342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szczepanik AM, Scislo L, Scully T, Walewska E, Siedlar M, Kolodziejczyk P, Lenart M, Rutkowska M, Galas A, Czupryna A, et al. IL-6 serum levels predict postoperative morbidity in gastric cancer patients. Gastric Cancer. 2011;14(3):266–73. doi:10.1007/s10120-011-0039-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amer MA, Smith MD, Herbison GP, Plank LD, McCall JL. Network meta-analysis of the effect of preoperative carbohydrate loading on recovery after elective surgery. Br J Surg. 2017;104(3):187–97. doi:10.1002/bjs.10408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calder PC. Immunonutrition. BMJ. 2003;327(7407):117–8. doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7407.117.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gottschlich MM, Jenkins M, Warden GD, Baumer T, Havens P, Snook JT, Alexander JW. Differential effects of three enteral dietary regimens on selected outcome variables in burn patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1990;14(3):225–36. doi:10.1177/0148607190014003225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilmore DW. Metabolic response to severe surgical illness: overview. World J Surg. 2000;24(6):705–11. doi:10.1007/s002689910113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emery PW. Metabolic changes in malnutrition. Eye (Lond). 2005;19(10):1029–34. doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6701959.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ochoa JB, Udekwu AO, Billiar TR, Curran RD, Cerra FB, Simmons RL, Peitzman AB. Nitrogen oxide levels in patients after trauma and during sepsis. Ann Surg. 1991;214(5):621–6. doi:10.1097/00000658-199111000-00013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronte V, Zanovello P. Regulation of immune responses by L-arginine metabolism. Nat Rev Immunol. 2005;5(8):641–54. doi:10.1038/nri1668.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell L, Saville CR, Murray PJ, Cruickshank SM, Hardman MJ. Local arginase 1 activity is required for cutaneous wound healing. J Invest Dermatol. 2013;133(10):2461–70. doi:10.1038/jid.2013.164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez PC, Zea AH, Culotta KS, Zabaleta J, Ochoa JB, Ochoa AC. Regulation of T cell receptor CD3ζ chain expression byl-arginine. J Biol Chem. 2002;277(24):21123–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.m110675200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao S, Gong W, Zhang X, Xu M, Wang Y, Xu Y, Cao J, Shen Y, Chen J. Arginase promotes immune evasion of Echinococcus granulosus in mice. Parasit Vectors. 2020;13(1):49. doi:10.1186/s13071-020-3919-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forman HJ, Zhang H, Rinna A. Glutathione: overview of its protective roles, measurement, and biosynthesis. Mol Aspects Med. 2009;30(1-2):1–12. doi:10.1016/j.mam.2008.08.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakananurak N, Gramlich L. The role of preoperative parenteral nutrition. Nutrients. 2020;12(5):1320. doi:10.3390/nu12051320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venter C, Eyerich S, Sarin T, Klatt KC. Nutrition and the immune system: a complicated tango. Nutrients. 2020;12(3):818. doi:10.3390/nu12030818.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simopoulos AP. The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids. Biomed Pharmacother. 2002;56(8):365–79. doi:10.1016/s0753-3322(02)00253-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cholewski M, Tomczykowa M, Tomczyk M. A comprehensive review of chemistry, sources and bioavailability of omega-3 fatty acids. Nutrients. 2018;10(11):1662. doi:10.3390/nu10111662.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao B, Luo J, Liu Y, Zhong F, Yang X, Gan Y, Su S, Li B. Clinical efficacy of perioperative immunonutrition containing omega-3-fatty acids in patients undergoing hepatectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ann Nutr Metab. 2020;76(6):375–86. doi:10.1159/000509979.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buzquurz F, Bojesen RD, Grube C, Madsen MT, Gögenur I. Impact of oral preoperative and perioperative immunonutrition on postoperative infection and mortality in patients undergoing cancer surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. BJS Open. 2020;4(5):764–75. doi:10.1002/bjs5.50314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertrand J, Siegler N, Murez T, Poinas G, Segui B, Ayuso D, Gres P, Wagner L, Thuret R, Costa P, et al. Impact of preoperative immunonutrition on morbidity following cystectomy for bladder cancer: a case-control pilot study. World J Urol. 2014;32(1):233–7. doi:10.1007/s00345-013-1229-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton-Reeves JM, Bechtel MD, Hand LK, Schleper A, Yankee TM, Chalise P, Lee EK, Mirza M, Wyre H, Griffin J, et al. Effects of immunonutrition for cystectomy on immune response and infection rates: a pilot randomized controlled clinical trial. Eur Urol. 2016;69(3):389–92. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2015.11.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton-Reeves JM, Stanley A, Bechtel MD, Yankee TM, Chalise P, Hand LK, Lee EK, Smelser W, Mirza M, Wyre H, et al. Perioperative immunonutrition modulates inflammatory response after radical cystectomy: results of a pilot randomized controlled clinical trial. J Urol. 2018;200(2):292–301. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2018.03.001/.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khaleel S, Regmi S, Hannah P, Watarai B, Sathianathen N, Weight C, Konety B. Impact of preoperative immunonutrition on perioperative outcomes following cystectomy. J Urol. 2021;206(Supplement 3):e906–e907. doi:10.1097/JU.0000000000002078.05.
   Google Scholar
• Lyon TD, Turner RM, McBride D, et al. Preoperative immunonutrition prior to radical cystectomy: a pilot study. Can J Urol. 2017;24(4):8895–901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cozzi G, Musi G, Milani M, Jemos C, Gandini S, Mazzoleni L, Ferro M, Luzzago S, Bianchi R, Omodeo Salé E, et al. Impact of perioperative immunonutrition on complications in patients undergoing radical cystectomy: a retrospective analysis. Integr Cancer Ther. 2021;20:15347354211019483. doi:10.1177/15347354211019483.
   Google Scholar
• Teke K, Avci IE, Cinar NB, et al. Immune-inflammatory-nutritional status predicts oncologic outcomes after radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma of bladder. Actas Urol Esp. 2023;S2173–S5786. doi: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2023.01.001.
   Google Scholar
• Dunkman WJ, Manning MW, Whittle J, Hunting J, Rampersaud EN, Inman BA, Thacker JK, Miller TE. Impact of an enhanced recovery pathway on length of stay and complications in elective radical cystectomy: a before and after cohort study. Perioper Med (Lond). 2019;8:9. doi:10.1186/s13741-019-0120-4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koupparis A, Villeda-Sandoval C, Weale N, El-Mahdy M, Gillatt D, Rowe E. Robot-assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion: impact on an established enhanced recovery protocol. BJU Int. 2015;116(6):924–31. doi:10.1111/bju.13171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pang KH, Groves R, Venugopal S, Noon AP, Catto JWF. Prospective implementation of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols to radical cystectomy. Eur Urol. 2018;73(3):363–71. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2017.07.031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith J, Meng ZW, Lockyer R, Dudderidge T, McGrath J, Hayes M, Birch B. Evolution of the Southampton enhanced recovery programme for radical cystectomy and the aggregation of marginal gains. BJU Int. 2014;114(3):375–83. doi:10.1111/bju.12644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlad O, Catalin B, Mihai H, Adrian P, Manuela O, Gener I, Ioanel S. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols in patients undergoing radical cystectomy with ileal urinary diversions: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(27):e20902. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000020902.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang JH, Ericson KJ, Thomas LJ, Knorr J, Khanna A, Crane A, Mittal R, Zampini A, Fascelli M, Murthy PB, et al. Large single institution comparison of perioperative outcomes and complications of open radical cystectomy, intracorporeal robot-assisted radical cystectomy and robotic extracorporeal approach. J Urol. 2020;203(3):512–21. doi:10.1097/ju.0000000000000570.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lannes F, Walz J, Maubon T, Rybikowski S, Fakhfakh S, Picini M, Tourret M, Brun C, Gravis G, Pignot G, et al. Enhanced recovery after surgery for radical cystectomy decreases postoperative complications at different times. Urol Int. 2022;106(2):171–9. doi:10.1159/000518163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persson B, Carringer M, Andrén O, Andersson SO, Carlsson J, Ljungqvist O. Initial experiences with the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol in open radical cystectomy. Scand J Urol. 2015;49(4):302–7. doi:10.3109/21681805.2015.1004641.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel SY, Trona N, Alford B, Laborde JM, Kim Y, Li R, Manley BJ, Gilbert SM, Sexton WJ, Spiess PE, et al. Preoperative immunonutrition and carbohydrate loading associated with improved bowel function after radical cystectomy. Nutr Clin Pract. 2022;37(1):176–82. doi:10.1002/ncp.10661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cerruto MA, De Marco V, D’Elia C, Bizzotto L, De Marchi D, Cavalleri S, Novella G, Menestrina N, Artibani W. Fast track surgery to reduce short-term complications following radical cystectomy and intestinal urinary diversion with Vescica Ileale Padovana neobladder: proposal for a tailored enhanced recovery protocol and preliminary report from a pilot study. Urol Int. 2014;92(1):41–9. doi:10.1159/00035131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar