The impact of the method of genetic identity disclosure on the donor conceived adult

References

• Al-Nuaim L, Jenkins J. A brief historical overview of assisted reproduction. S Afri J Obstet Gynaecol. 2007;13(2):38–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golombok S, Readings J, Blake L, et al. Children conceived by gamete donation: psychological adjustment and mother-child relationships at age 7. J Fam Psychol. 2011;25(2):230–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewaeys A, de Bruyn JK, Louwe LA, et al. Anonymous or identity-registered sperm donors? A study of dutch recipients’ choices. Hum Reprod. 2005;20(3):820–824.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ombelet W, Van Robays J. Artificial insemination history: Hurdles and milestones. Facts Views Vis Obgyn. 2015;7(2):137–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein JU, Sauer MV. Ethics in egg donation: past, present, and future. Semin Reprod Med. 2010;28(4):322–328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards M, Pennings G, Appleby JB. 2012. Reproductive donation: practice, policy and bioethics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Frith L, Blyth E, Crawshaw M, et al. Secrets and disclosure in donor conception. Sociol Health Illn. 2018;40(1):188–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Electronic address: [email protected] & Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Interests, obligations, and rights in gamete and embryo donation: an ethics committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 2019;111(4):664–670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniels KR, Grace VM, Gillett WR. Factors associated with parents’ decisions to tell their adult offspring about the offspring’s donor conception. Hum Reprod. 2011;26(10):2783–2790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widbom A, Isaksson S, Sydsjö G, et al. Positioning the donor in a new landscape-mothers’ and fathers’ experiences as their adult children obtained information about the identity-release sperm donor. Hum Reprod. 2021;36(8):2181–2188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyverkens E, Provoost V, Ravelingien A, et al. The meaning of the sperm donor for heterosexual couples: confirming the position of the father. Fam Process. 2017;56(1):203–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Indekeu A, Dierickx K, Schotsmans P, et al. Factors contributing to parental decision-making in disclosing donor conception: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update. 2013;19(6):714–733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borry P, Rusu O, Dondorp W, et al. Anonymity 2.0: direct-to-consumer genetic testing and donor conception. Fertil Steril. 2014;101(3):630–632.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper JC, Kennett D, Reisel D. The end of donor anonymity: how genetic testing is likely to drive anonymous gamete donation out of business. Hum Reprod. 2016;31(6):1135–1140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crawshaw M. Direct-to-consumer DNA testing: the fallout for individuals and their families unexpectedly learning of their donor conception origins. Hum Fertil. 2018;21(4):225–228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blyth E, Crawshaw M, Frith L, et al. Donor-conceived people’s views and experiences of their genetic origins: a critical analysis of the research evidence. J Law Medicine. 2012;19:769–789.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jadva V, Freeman T, Kramer W, et al. The experiences of adolescents and adults conceived by sperm donation: comparisons by age of disclosure and family type. Hum Reprod. 2009;24(8):1909–1919.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schrijvers A, Bos H, van Rooij F, et al. Being a donor-child: wishes for parental support, peer support and counseling. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2019;40(1):29–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macmillan CM, Allan S, Johnstone M, et al. The motivations of donor-conceived adults for seeking information about, and contact with, sperm donors. Reprod Biomed Online. 2021;43(1):149–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravelingien A, Provoost V, Pennings G. Donor-conceived children looking for their sperm donor: What do they want to know? Facts Views Vis Obgyn. 2013;5(4):257–264.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scheib JE, McCormick E, Benward J, et al. Finding people like me: contact among young adults who share an open-identity sperm donor. Hum Reprod Open. 2020;2020(4):hoaa057.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bonney H. The psychopathogenic power of secrecy: child development and family dynamics after heterologous insemination. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2002;23(3):201–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul MS, Berger R. Topic avoidance and family functioning in families conceived with donor insemination. Hum Reprod. 2007;22(9):2566–2571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahlstedt PP, LaBounty K, Kennedy WT. The views of adult offspring of sperm donation: essential feedback for the development of ethical guidelines within the practice of assisted reproductive technology in the United States. Fertil Steril. 2010;93(7):2236–2246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar