The COVID-19 pandemic and the experience of postpartum depression

References

• American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). Arlington (VA): American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Bauman BL, Ko JY, Cox S, et al. Vital signs: postpartum depressive symptoms and provider discussions about perinatal depression—United States, 2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(19):575–581. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6919a2externalicon
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• America’s Health Rankings Analysis of CDC. Pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system or state equivalent. United Health Foundation, AmericasHealthRankings.org. Prevalence of PPD in Michigan and United States with trends per CDC. 2023. https://www.americashealthrankings.org/explore/health-of-women-and-children/measure/postpartum_depression/state/MI
   Google Scholar
• Slomian J, Honvo G, Emonts P, et al. Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: a systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes. Womens Health (Lond). Jan-Dec 2019;15:1745506519844044. (Erratum in: Womens Health (Lond). 2019 Jan-Dec;15:1745506519854864. PMID: 31035856; PMCID: PMC6492376.) doi:10.1177/1745506519844044
   Google Scholar
• Grimm CA. 2021) Hospitals report that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly strained health care delivery. Office of the inspector general, US Dept. of Health and Human Services. https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/OEI-09-21-00140.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Chmielewska B, Barratt I, Townsend R, et al. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Global Health. 2021;9(6):e759–e772. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00079-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shuman CJ, Peahl AF, Pareddy N, et al. Postpartum depression and associated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Res Notes. 2022;15(1):102. doi:10.1186/s13104-022-05991-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waschmann M, Rosen K, Gievers L, et al. Evaluating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on postpartum depression. J Womens Health (Larchmt). Jun 2022;31(6):772–778. Epub 2022 Apr 7. PMID: 35394366. doi:10.1089/jwh.2021.0428
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afshari P, Tadayon M, Abedi P, et al. Comparison of pre- and intra-COVID-19 postpartum depression among reproductive aged women: a comparative cross-sectional study in Ahvaz, Iran. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:1019432. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1019432 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Micha G, Hyphantis T, Staikou C, et al. Prevalence of postpartum depression and antenatal anxiety symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic: an observational prospective cohort study in Greece. Eur J Midwifery. 2022;6(April):23–11. doi:10.18332/ejm/146233
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hutchens BF, Kearney J. Risk factors for postpartum depression: an umbrella review. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2020;65(1):96–108. doi:10.1111/jmwh.13067
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dagher RK, McGovern PM, Dowd BE. Maternity leave duration and postpartum mental and physical health: implications for leave policies. J Health Polit Policy Law. 2014; Apr39(2):369–416. Epub 2013 Dec 4. PMID: 24305845. doi:10.1215/03616878-2416247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gremigni P, Mariani L, Marracino V, et al. Partner support and postpartum depressive symptoms. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. Sep 2011;32(3):135–140. Epub 2011 Jul 21. PMID: 21774735. doi:10.3109/0167482X.2011.589017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qi W, Zhao F, Liu Y, et al. Psychosocial risk factors for postpartum depression in chinese women: a meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. Mar 2021;21(1):174. PMID: 33653288; PMCID: PMC7927392. doi:10.1186/s12884-021-03657-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grote NK, Bledsoe SE. Predicting postpartum depressive symptoms in new mothers: the role of optimism and stress frequency during pregnancy. Health Soc Work. May 2007;32(2):107–118. PMID: 17571644. doi:10.1093/hsw/32.2.107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverman ME, Medeiros C, Burgos L. Early pregnancy mood before and during COVID-19 community restrictions among women of low socioeconomic status in New York City: a preliminary study. Arch Womens Ment Health. Dec 2020;23(6):779–782. Epub 2020 Aug 25. PMID: 32844329; PMCID: PMC7447087. doi:10.1007/s00737-020-01061-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khoury JE, Atkinson L, Bennett T, et al. Prenatal distress, access to services, and birth outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from a longitudinal study. Early Hum Dev. Jul 2022;170:105606. Epub 2022 Jun 14. PMID: 35728399; PMCID: PMC9192354. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2022.105606
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar