A cluster analysis of reasons behind fear of birth among women in Sweden

References

• O’Connell MA, Khashan AS, Leahy-Warren P. Women’s experiences of interventions for fear of childbirth in the perinatal period: a meta-synthesis of qualitative research evidence. Women Birth. 2021;34(3):1–10. doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2020.05.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connell MA, Leahy-Warren P, Khashan AS, et al. Worldwide prevalence of tochophobia in pregnant women: systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2017;96(8):907–920. doi:10.1111/aogs.13138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services. Förlossningsrädsla, depression och ångest under graviditet. En systematisk översikt och utvärdering av medicinska, hälsoekonomiska, sociala och etiska aspekter. [Fear of childbirth, depression and anxiety during pregnancy. A systematic review and assessment of medical, economic, social and ethical aspects.] (in Swedish). 2023. https://www.sbu.se/en/publications/sbu-assesses/fear-of-childbirth-depression-and-anxiety-during-pregnancy/
   Google Scholar
• Striebich S, Mattern E, Ayerle GM. Support for pregnant women identified with fear of childbirth (FOC)/tokophobia – A systematic review of approaches and interventions. Midwifery. 2018;61:97–115. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2018.02.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webb R, Bond R, Romero-Gonzalez B, et al. Interventions to treat fear of childbirth in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2021;51(12):1964–1977. doi:10.1017/S0033291721002324
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luce A, Cash M, Hundley V, et al. “Is it realistic?” the portrayal of pregnancy and childbirth in the media. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016;16(1):40. doi:10.1186/s12884-016-0827-x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Salomonsson B, Wijma K, Alehagen S. Swedish midwives perceptions of fear of childbirth. Midwifery. 2010;26(3):327–337. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2008.07.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wigert H, Nilsson C, Dencker A, et al. Women’s experiences of fear of childbirth: a metasynthesis of qualitative studies. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-Being. 2020;15(1):1704484. doi:10.1080/17482631.2019.1704484
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson C, Hessman E, Sjöblom H, et al. Definitions, measurements and prevalence of fear of childbirth: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;18(1):28. doi:10.1186/s12884-018-1659-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dencker A, Nilsson C, Begley C, et al. Causes and outcomes in studies of fear of childbirth: a systematic review. Women Birth. 2019;32(2):99–111. doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2018.07.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson C, Lundgren I, Karlström A, et al. Self reported fear of childbirth and its association with women’s birth experience and mode of delivery: a longitudinal population-based study. Women Birth. 2012;25(3):114–121. doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2011.06.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lukasse M, Schei B, Ryding EL, Bidens Study Group. Prevalence and associated factors of fear of childbirth in six european countries. Sex Reprod Healthc. 2014;5(3):99–106. doi:10.1016/j.srhc.2014.06.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hildingsson I. The trajectory of fear of birth during and after pregnancy in women living in a rural area far from the hospital and its labour ward. Rural Remote Health. 2021;21:1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rondung E, Ekdahl J, Hildingsson I, et al. Heterogeneity in childbirth related fear or anxiety. Scand J Psychol. 2018;59(6):634–643. doi:10.1111/sjop.12481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, et al. The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet. 2007;370(9596):1453–1457. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61602-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, et al. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)—a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009;42(2):377–381. doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haines H, Pallant JF, Karlström A, et al. Cross-cultural comparison of levels of childbirth-related fear in an Australian and swedish sample. Midwifery. 2011;27(4):560–567. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2010.05.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hildingsson I, Haines H, Karlström A, et al. Presence and process of fear of birth during pregnancy- findings from a longitudinal cohort study. Women Birth. 2017;30(5):e242–e247. doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2017.02.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services. Kejsarsnitt på kvinnans önskemål – fördelar och nackdelar för kvinna och barn. [Caesarean section on maternal request. A systematic review and assessment of medical, health economic, ethical and social aspects.] (in Swedish) Available online at: https://www.sbu.se/en/publications/sbu-assesses/caesarean-section-on-maternal-request/. (Accessed July 29, 2023).
   Google Scholar
• Johansson M, Alvan J, Pettersson A, et al. Conflicting attitudes between clinicians and women regarding maternal requested caesarean section: a qualitative evidence synthesis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023;23(1):210. doi:10.1186/s12884-023-05471-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loke AY, Davies L, Mak YW. Is it the decision of women to choose a cesarean section as the mode of birth? A review of literature on the views of stakeholders. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19(1):286. doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2440-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyauchi A, Shishido E, Horiuchi S. Women’s experiences and perceptions of women-centered care and respectful care during facility-based childbirth: a meta-synthesis. Jpn J Nurs Sci. 2022;19(3):e12475. doi:10.1111/jjns.12475
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalil M, Carasso KB, Kabakian-Khasholian T. Exposing obstetric violence in the Eastern mediterranean region: a review of women’s narratives of disrespect and abuse in childbirth. Front Glob Womens Health. 2022;3:850796. doi:10.3389/fgwh.2022.850796
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Watson K, White C, Hall H, et al. Women’s experiences of birth trauma: a scoping review. Women Birth. 2021;34(5):417–424. doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2020.09.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neerland CE. Maternal confidence for physiologic childbirth: a concept analysis. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2018;63(4):425–435. doi:10.1111/jmwh.12719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lalor JG, Sheaf G, Mulligan A, et al. Parental experiences with changes in maternity care during the covid-19 pandemic: a mixed-studies systematic review. Women Birth. 2023;36(2):e203–e212. doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2022.08.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poikkeus P, Saisto T, Unkila-Kallio L, et al. Fear of childbirth and pregnancy-related anxiety in women conceiving with assisted reproduction. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;108(1):70–76. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000222902.37120.2f
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eide KT, Morken NH, Bærøe K. Maternal reasons for requesting planned cesarean section in Norway: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019;19(1):102. doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2250-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eriksson C, Jansson L, Hamberg K. Women’s experiences of intense fear related to childbirth investigated in a swedish qualitative study. Midwifery. 2006;22(3):240–248. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2005.10.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szeverényi P, Póka R, Hetey M, et al. Contents of childbirth-related fear among couples wishing the partner’s presence at delivery. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 1998;19(1):38–43. doi:10.3109/01674829809044219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cibralic S, Pickup W, Diaz AM, et al. The impact of midwifery continuity of care on maternal mental health: a narrative systematic review. Midwifery. 2022;116:103546. doi:10.1016/j.midw.2022.103546
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar