Metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma presenting as an orbital mass

References

• Paulson KG, Park SY, Vandeven NA, et al. Merkel cell carcinoma: Current US incidence and projected increases based on changing demographics. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;78(3):457–463.e2. doi:10.1016/J.JAAD.2017.10.028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue Y, Thakuria M. Merkel cell carcinoma review. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2019;33(1):39–52. doi:10.1016/J.HOC.2018.08.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abul-Kasim K, Söderström K, Hallsten L. Extensive central nervous system involvement in Merkel cell carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep. 2011;5(1):1–5. doi:10.1186/1752-1947-5-35/TABLES/2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Coggshall K, Tello TL, North JP, Yu SS. Merkel cell carcinoma: an update and review: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and staging. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;78(3):433–442. doi:10.1016/J.JAAD.2017.12.001.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cugley DR, Roberts-Thomson SJ, McNab AA, Pick Z. Biopsy-proven metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma to the orbit: Case report and review of literature. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018;34(3):E86–E88. doi:10.1097/IOP.0000000000001078.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bechert CJ, Schnadig V, Nawgiri R. The Merkel cell carcinoma challenge: a review from the fine needle aspiration service. Cancer Cytopathol. 2013;121(4):179–188. doi:10.1002/CNCY.21237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin M, Lima R, Al-Anezi F, Godra A, Ing E. Merkel cell carcinoma of the eyelid review of the literature and report of patients with Merkel cell carcinoma showing spontaneous regression. Ophthalmology. 2008;115(1):270–275. doi:10.1016/J.OPHTHA.2007.02.024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pang C, Sharma D, Sankar T. Spontaneous regression of Merkel cell carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2015;7:104. doi:10.1016/J.IJSCR.2014.11.027.
   Google Scholar
• Bystricky B, Kohutek F, Miklatkova Z, Sedlacek T, Gal V, Behulova RL. Spontaneous regression of Merkel cell carcinoma: Case report. Int Med Case Rep J. 2021;14:711. doi:10.2147/IMCRJ.S329545.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kase S, Ishijima K, Ishida S, Rao NA. Merkel cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva. Ophthalmology. 2010;117(3):637.e1–637.e2. doi:10.1016/J.OPHTHA.2009.10.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leibovitch I, Davis G, Huilgol SC, Crompton J, James CL, Selva D. An unusual presentation of periocular Merkel cell carcinoma. J Cutan Pathol. 2006;33 Suppl 2(SUPPL. 2):39–41. doi:10.1111/J.1600-0560.2006.00525.X.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnson D, Warder D, Plourde ME, Brundage M, Ten Hove M. Orbital metastasis secondary to Merkel cell carcinoma: case report and literature review. Orbit. 2013;32(4):263–265. doi:10.3109/01676830.2013.788671.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shield PW, Crous H. Fine-Needle aspiration cytology of Merkel cell carcinoma-a review of 69 cases. Diagn Cytopathol. 2014;42(11):924–928. doi:10.1002/DC.23151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmalbach CE, Lowe L, Teknos TN, Johnson TM, Bradford CR. Reliability of sentinel llymph node biopsy for regional staging of head and neck Merkel cell carcinoma. Arch Otolaryngol Neck Surg. 2005;131(7):610–614. doi:10.1001/ARCHOTOL.131.7.610.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Akaike G, Akaike T, Fadl SA, Lachance K, Nghiem P, Behnia F. Imaging of Merkel cell carcinoma: What imaging experts should know. Radiographics. 2019;39(7):2069–2084. doi:10.1148/RG.2019190102/ASSET/IMAGES/LARGE/RG.2019190102.FIG18C.JPEG.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawryluk EB, O’-Regan KN, Sheehy N, et al. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging in Merkel cell carcinoma: a study of 270 scans in 97 patients at the Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women’s Cancer Center. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;68(4):592–599. doi:10.1016/J.JAAD.2012.08.042.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sachpekidis C, Sidiropoulou P, Hassel JC, Drakoulis N, Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss A. Positron emission tomography in Merkel cell carcinoma. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12(10):1–18. doi:10.3390/CANCERS12102897.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poeppel TD, Krause BJ, Heusner TA, Boy C, Bockisch A, Antoch G. PET/CT for the staging and follow-up of patients with malignancies. Eur J Radiol. 2009;70(3):382–392. doi:10.1016/J.EJRAD.2009.03.051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niikura N, Costelloe CM, Madewell JE, et al. FDG-PET/CT compared with conventional imaging in the detection of distant metastases of primary breast cancer. Oncologist. 2011;16(8):1111–1119. doi:10.1634/THEONCOLOGIST.2011-0089.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swetter SM, Carroll LA, Johnson DL, Segall GM. Positron emission tomography is superior to computed tomography for metastatic detection in melanoma patients. Ann Surg Oncol. 2002;9(7):646–653. doi:10.1007/BF02574480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podoloff DA. PET/CT and occult primary tumors. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2009;7(3):239–244. doi:10.6004/JNCCN.2009.0019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar