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The International Journal on Orbital Disorders, Oculoplastic and Lacrimal Surgery
Volume 43, 2024 - Issue 2
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Research article

Extraocular muscle enlargement and proptosis in carotid cavernous fistulas

Khizar Ranaa Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, USA;b South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, USACorrespondence[email protected]
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,
Wan Yin Limc Department of Medical Imaging, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, USAView further author information
,
Carmelo Caltabianoa Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, USA;b South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, USAView further author information
,
Jessica Y Tonga Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, USA;b South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, USAORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3382-9854View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Steve Chryssidisd Department of Medical Imaging, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, USAView further author information
,
Rebecca Scroopc Department of Medical Imaging, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, USAView further author information
,
Sandy Patelc Department of Medical Imaging, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, USAView further author information
&
Dinesh Selvaa Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, USA;b South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, USAView further author information
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Pages 203-207 | Received 25 May 2023, Accepted 22 Aug 2023, Published online: 29 Sep 2023

References

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  • Benson JC, Rydberg C, DeLone DR, Johnson MP, Geske J, Brinjikji W, et al. CT angiogram findings in carotid-cavernous fistulas: stratification of imaging features to help radiologists avoid misdiagnosis. Acta Radiol. 2020;61(7):945–952. doi:10.1177/0284185119885119.
  • Lee JY, Jung C, Ihn YK, Kim DJ, Seong SO, Kwon BJ. Multidetector CT angiography in the diagnosis and classification of carotid-cavernous fistula. Clin Radiol. 2016;71(1):e64–71. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2015.10.018.
  • Chaudhry IA, Elkhamry SM, Al-Rashed W, Bosley TM. Carotid cavernous fistula: ophthalmological implications. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol. 2009;16(2):57–63. doi:10.4103/0974-9233.53862.
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  • Ben Simon GJ, Syed HM, Douglas R, McCann JD, Goldberg RA. Extraocular muscle enlargement with tendon involvement in thyroid-associated orbitopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;137(6):1145–1147. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2004.01.033.
  • Patrinely JR, Osborn AG, Anderson RL, Whiting AS. Computed tomographic features of nonthyroid extraocular muscle enlargement. Ophthalmology. 1989;96(7):1038–1047. doi:10.1016/S0161-6420(89)32785-0.
  • Naik MN. Orbital imaging for orbital decompression. In: Rath S, Naik MN, eds. Surgery in Thyroid Eye Disease: A Conceptual Approach. Springer Singapore: Singapore; 2020: 37–50. doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9220-8_3.
  • Lacey B, Chang W, Rootman J. Nonthyroid causes of extraocular muscle disease. Surv Ophthalmol. 1999;44(3):187–213. doi:10.1016/S0039-6257(99)00101-0.

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