Discriminating between sleep and exercise-induced fatigue using computer vision and behavioral genetics

References

• Beron, C., Vidal-Gadea, A.G., Cohn, J., Parikh, A., Hwang, G., & Pierce-Shimomura, J.T. (2015). The burrowing behavior of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans: a new assay for the study of neuromuscular disorders. Genes, Brain, and Behavior, 14(4), 357–368. doi:10.1111/gbb.12217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenner, S. (1974). The genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics, 77(1), 71–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, A.E.X., Yemini, E.I., Grundy, L.J., Jucikas, T., & Schafer, W.R. (2013). A dictionary of behavioural motifs reveals clusters of genes affecting Caenorhabditis elegans locomotion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(2), 791–796. doi:10.1073/pnas.1211447110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Driver, R.J., Lamb, A.L., Wyner, A.J., & Raizen, D.M. (2013). DAF-16/FOXO regulates homeostasis of essential sleep-like behavior during larval transitions in C. elegans. Current Biology, 23(6), 501–506. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.02.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh, R., & Emmons, S.W. (2008). Episodic swimming behavior in the nematode C. elegans. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 211(Pt 23), 3703–3711. doi:10.1242/jeb.023606
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh, R., & Emmons, S.W. (2010). Calcineurin and protein kinase G regulate C. elegans behavioral quiescence during locomotion in liquid. BMC Genetics, 11, 7. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-11-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Marin, A., Partoune, N., Stephens, G.J., & Louis, M. (2012). Automated tracking of animal posture and movement during exploration and sensory orientation behaviors. PloS One, 7(8), e41642. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041642
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzales, D.L., Zhou, J., Fan, B., & Robinson, J.T. (2019). A microfluidic-induced C. elegans sleep state. Nature Communications, 10(1), 5035. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13008-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, Y., Govindarajan, L., Kimia, B., & Serre, T. (2018). Robust pose tracking with a joint model of appearance and shape. arXiv, 1-11. arXiv:1806.1.
   Google Scholar
• Henderson, S.T., & Johnson, T.E. (2001). daf-16 integrates developmental and environmental inputs to mediate aging in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Current Biology, 11(24), 1975–1980. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00594-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herndon, L.A., Schmeissner, P.J., Dudaronek, J.M., Brown, P.A., Listner, K.M., Sakano, Y., … Driscoll, M. (2002). Stochastic and genetic factors influence tissue-specific decline in ageing C. elegans. Nature, 419(6909), 808–814. doi:10.1038/nature01135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, A.J., Mansfield, R., Lopez, J.M.N.G., Raizen, D.M., & Van Buskirk, C. (2014). Cellular stress induces a protective sleep-like state in C. elegans. Current Biology, 24(20), 2399–2405. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.08.040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, H., Singh, K., & Hart, A.C. (2017). Measuring Caenorhabditis elegans sleep during the transition to adulthood using a microfluidics-based system. Bio-protocol, 7(6), e2174. doi:10.21769/BioProtoc.2174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwanir, S., Tramm, N., Nagy, S., Wright, C., Ish, D., & Biron, D. (2013). The microarchitecture of C. elegans behavior during lethargus: homeostatic bout dynamics, a typical body posture, and regulation by a central neuron. Sleep, 36(3), 385–395. doi:10.5665/sleep.2456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung, S.-K., Aleman-Meza, B., Riepe, C., & Zhong, W. (2014). QuantWorm: a comprehensive software package for Caenorhabditis elegans phenotypic assays. PloS One, 9(1), e84830. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084830
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimia, B.B., Li, X., Guo, Y., & Tamrakar, A. (2019). Differential geometry in edge detection: accurate estimation of position, orientation and curvature. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 41(7), 1573–1586. doi:10.1109/TPAMI.2018.2846268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn, H.W. (1955). The Hungarian method for the assignment problem. Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, 2(1-2), 83–97. doi:10.1002/nav.3800020109
   Google Scholar
• Laranjeiro, R., Harinath, G., Burke, D., Braeckman, B.P., & Driscoll, M. (2017). Single swim sessions in C. elegans induce key features of mammalian exercise. BMC Biology, 15(1), 30. doi:10.1186/s12915-017-0368-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesanpezeshki, L., Hewitt, J.E., Laranjeiro, R., Antebi, A., Driscoll, M., Szewczyk, N.J., … Vanapalli, S.A. (2019). Pluronic gel-based burrowing assay for rapid assessment of neuromuscular health in C. elegans. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 15246. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51608-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marty, E., Liu, Y., Samuel, A., Or, O., & Lane, J. (2017). A review of sarcopenia: enhancing awareness of an increasingly prevalent disease. Bone, 105, 276–286. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2017.09.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCloskey, R.J., Fouad, A.D., Churgin, M.A., & Fang-Yen, C. (2017). Food responsiveness regulates episodic behavioral states in Caenorhabditis elegans. Journal of Neurophysiology, 117(5), 1911–1934. doi:10.1152/jn.00555.2016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulcahy, B., Holden-Dye, L., & O'Connor, V. (2013). Pharmacological assays reveal age-related changes in synaptic transmission at the Caenorhabditis elegans neuromuscular junction that are modified by reduced insulin signalling. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 216(Pt 3), 492–501. doi:10.1242/jeb.068734
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy, C.T., McCarroll, S.A., Bargmann, C.I., Fraser, A., Kamath, R.S., Ahringer, J., … Kenyon, C. (2003). Genes that act downstream of DAF-16 to influence the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature, 424(6946), 277–283. doi:10.1038/nature01789
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel, T.P., Gullotti, D.M., Hernandez, P., O'Brien, W.T., Capehart, B.P., Morrison, B., … Meaney, D.F. (2014). An open-source toolbox for automated phenotyping of mice in behavioral tasks. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 8, 349. doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00349
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pujol, N., Torregrossa, P., Ewbank, J.J., & Brunet, J.F. (2000). The homeodomain protein CePHOX2/CEH-17 controls antero-posterior axonal growth in C. elegans. Development, 127(15), 3361–3371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman, M., Hewitt, J.E., Van-Bussel, F., Edwards, H., Blawzdziewicz, J., Szewczyk, N.J., … Vanapalli, S.A. (2018). NemaFlex: a microfluidics-based technology for standardized measurement of muscular strength of C. elegans. Lab on a Chip, 18(15), 2187–2201. doi:10.1039/C8LC00103K
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raizen, D.M., Zimmerman, J.E., Maycock, M.H., Ta, U.D., You, Y.-J., Sundaram, M.V., & Pack, A.I. (2008). Lethargus is a Caenorhabditis elegans sleep-like state. Nature, 451(7178), 569–572. doi:10.1038/nature06535
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Restif, C., Ibáñez-Ventoso, C., Vora, M.M., Guo, S., Metaxas, D., & Driscoll, M. (2014). CeleST: computer vision software for quantitative analysis of C. elegans swim behavior reveals novel features of locomotion. PLoS Computational Biology, 10(7), e1003702. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003702
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarz, J., Spies, J.-P., & Bringmann, H. (2012). Reduced muscle contraction and a relaxed posture during sleep-like lethargus. Worm, 1(1), 12–14. doi:10.4161/worm.19499
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stephens, G.J., Johnson-Kerner, B., Bialek, W., & Ryu, W.S. (2008). Dimensionality and dynamics in the behavior of C. elegans. PLoS Computational Biology, 4(4), e1000028. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swierczek, N.A., Giles, A.C., Rankin, C.H., & Kerr, R.A. (2011). High-throughput behavioural analysis in C. elegans. Nature Methods, 8(7), 592–598. doi:10.1038/nmeth.1625
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tramm, N., Oppenheimer, N., Nagy, S., Efrati, E., & Biron, D. (2014). Why do sleeping nematodes adopt a hockey-stick-like posture?. PLoS One, 9(7), e101162. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turek, M., Lewandrowski, I., & Bringmann, H. (2013). An AP2 transcription factor is required for a sleep-active neuron to induce sleep-like quiescence in C. elegans. Current Biology, 23(22), 2215–2223. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Buskirk, C., & Sternberg, P.W. (2010). Paired and LIM class homeodomain proteins coordinate differentiation of the C. elegans ALA neuron. Development, 137(12), 2065–2074. doi:10.1242/dev.040881
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan, J.-J., Qin, Z., Wang, P.-Y., Sun, Y., & Liu, X. (2017). Muscle fatigue: general understanding and treatment. Experimental and Molecular Medicine, 49(10), e384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei, S.-E., Ramakrishna, V., Kanade, T., & Sheikh, Y. (2016). Convolutional pose machines. arXiv, 1-9. arXiv:1602.00134.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, Y., & Ramanan, D. (2013). Articulated human detection with flexible mixtures of parts. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 35(12), 2878–2890. doi:10.1109/TPAMI.2012.261
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• You, Y.-J., Kim, J., Raizen, D.M., & Avery, L. (2008). Insulin, cGMP, and TGF-beta signals regulate food intake and quiescence in C. elegans: a model for satiety. Cell Metabolism, 7(3), 249–257. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2008.01.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar