RESPONSES OF DIFFERENTIATED PRIMARY HUMAN LUNG EPITHELIAL CELLS TO EXPOSURE TO DIESEL EXHAUST AT AN AIR-LIQUID INTERFACE

REFERENCES

• Steerenberg PA, Zonnenberg JA, Dormans JA, Joon PN, Wouters IM, van Bree L, , et al: Diesel exhaust particles induced release of interleukin 6 and 8 by (primed) human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS 2B) in vitro. Exp Lung Res. 1998;24:85–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker S, Mundandhara S, Devlin RB, Madden M: Regulation of cytokine production in human alveolar macrophages and airway epithelial cells in response to ambient air pollution particles: further mechanistic studies. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2005;207:269–275.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li N, Wang MY, Oberley TD, Sempf JM, Nel AE: Comparison of the pro-oxidative and proinflammatory effects of organic diesel exhaust particle chemicals in bronchial epithelial cells and macrophages. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002;169:4531–4541.
   Google Scholar
• Li N, Kim S, Wang M, Froines J, Sioutas C, Nel A: Use of a stratified oxidative stress model to study the biological effects of ambient concentrated and diesel exhaust particulate matter. Inhal Toxicol. 2002;14:459–486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li N, Sioutas C, Cho A, Schmitz D, Misra C, Sempf J, , et al: Ultrafine particulate pollutants induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Environ Health Perspect. 2003;111:455–460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baulig A, Garlatti M, Bonvallot V, Marchand A, Barouki R, Marano F, , et al: Involvement of reactive oxygen species in the metabolic pathways triggered by diesel exhaust particles in human airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2003;285:L671–L679.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baeza-Squiban A, Bonvallot V, Boland S, Marano F: Airborne particles evoke an inflammatory response in human airway epithelium. Activation of transcription factors. Cell Biol Toxicol. 1999;15:375–380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonvallot V, Baeza-Squiban A, Boland S, Marano F: Activation of transcription factors by diesel exhaust particles in human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. Inhal Toxicol. 2000;12:359–364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonvallot V, Baeza-Squiban A, Baulig A, Brulant S, Boland S, Muzeau F, , et al: Organic compounds from diesel exhaust particles elicit a proinflammatory response in human airway epithelial cells and induce cytochrome P450 1A1 expression. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2001;25:515–521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marano F, Boland S, Bonvallot V, Baulig A, Baeza-Squiban A: Human airway epithelial cells in culture for studying the molecular mechanisms of the inflammatory response triggered by diesel exhaust particles. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2002;18:315–320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohtoshi T, Takizawa H, Okazaki H, Kawasaki S, Takeuchi N, Ohta K, , et al: Diesel exhaust particles stimulate human airway epithelial cells to produce cytokines relevant to airway inflammation in vitro. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998;101:778–785.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takizawa H: Diesel exhaust particles and their effect on induced cytokine expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;4:355–359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghio AJ: Biological effects of Utah Valley ambient air particles in humans: a review. J Aerosol Med. 2004;17:157–164.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Seagrave JC, McDonald JD, Gigliotti AP, Nikula KJ, Seilkop SK, Gurevich M, , et al: Mutagenicity and in vivo toxicity of combined particulate and semivolatile organic fractions of gasoline and diesel engine emissions. Toxicol Sci. 2002;70:212–226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seagrave JC, Seilkop SK, Mauderly JL: In vitro relative toxicity screening of combined particulate and semivolatile organic fractions of gasoline and diesel engine emissions. J Toxicol Environ Health. 2003;66:1113–1132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abe S, Takizawa H, Sugawara I, Kudoh S: Diesel exhaust (DE)-induced cytokine expression in human bronchial epithelial cells: a study with a new cell exposure system to freshly generated DE in vitro. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2000;22:296–303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aufderheide M, Knebel JW, Ritter D: An improved in vitro model for testing the pulmonary toxicity of complex mixtures such as cigarette smoke. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2003;55:51–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beisswenger C, Platz J, Seifart C, Vogelmeier C, Bals R: Exposure of differentiated airway epithelial cells to volatile smoke in vitro. Respiration. 2004;71:402–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng MD, Malone B, Storey JME: Monitoring cellular responses of engine emitted particles by using a direct air-cell interface deposition technique. Chemosphere. 2003;53:327–343.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haddrell AE, van Eeden SF, Agnes GR: Dose-response studies involving controlled deposition of less than 100 particles generated and levitated in an ac trap onto lung cells, in vitro, and quantitation of ICAM-1 differential expression. Toxicol In Vitro. 2006;20:1030–1039.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kameyama S, Kondo M, Takeyama K, Nagai A: Air exposure causes oxidative stress in cultured bovine tracheal epithelial cells and produces a change in cellular glutathione systems. Exp Lung Res. 2003;29:467–583.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doyle M, Sexton KG, Jeffries H, Bridge K, Jaspers I: Effects of 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, and their photochemical degradation products on human lung cells. Environ Health Perspect. 2004;112:1488–1495.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sexton KG, Jeffries HE, Jang M, Kamens RM, Doyle.M, Voicu I, , et al: Photochemical products in urban mixtures enhance inflammatory responses in lung cells. Inhal Toxicol. 2004;16(Suppl 1):107–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald JD, Barr EB, White RK: Design, characterization and evaluation of a small scale diesel exhaust exposure system. Aerosol Sci Technol. 2004;38:62–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knebel JW, Ritter D, Aufderheide M: Exposure of human lung cells to native diesel motor exhaust—development of an optimized in vitro test strategy. Toxicol In Vitro. 2002;16:185–192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritter D, Knebel JW, Aufderheide M: In vitro exposure of isolated cells to native gaseous compounds—development and validation of an optimized system for human lung cells. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2001;53:386.
   Google Scholar
• Seagrave JC, Nikula KJ: Multiple modes of responses to air pollution particulate materials in A549 alveolar type II cells. Inhal Toxicol. 2000;12(Suppl 4):247–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kishioka C, Okamoto K, Kim J, Rubin BK: Regulation of secretion from mucous and serous cells in the excised ferret trachea. Respir Physiol. 2001;126:163–171.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Anderson ME: Determination of glutathione and glutathione disulfide in biological samples. Methods Enzymol. 1985;113:548–555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tietze F: Enzymic method for quantitative determination of nanogram amounts of total and oxidized glutathione: applications to mammalian blood and other tissues. Anal Biochem. 1969;27:502–522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Littell RC, Milliken GA, Stroup WW, Wolfinger RD. SAS System for Mixed Models. Carey, NC: SAS Press; 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Seagrave JC, McDonald JD. Respiratory toxicity testing: Alternatives to inhalation exposure. In: Heinrich U, ed. Effects of air contaminants on the respiratory tract: Interpretations from molecular to meta-analysis. Stuttgart, Germany: Fraunhofer IRG Verlag; 2004:205–217.
   Google Scholar
• Loewen GM, Tracy E, Blanchard F, Tan D, Yu J, Raza S, , et al: Transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells alters responsiveness to inflammatory cytokines. BMC Cancer. 2005;5:145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balásházy I, Farkas A, Hofmann W, Kurunczi S. Local deposition distributions of inhaled radionuclides in the human tracheobronchial tree. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2002;99:469–470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li N, Kim S, Wang M, Froines J, Sioutas C, Nel A: Use of a stratified oxidative stress model to study the biological effects of ambient concentrated and diesel exhaust particulate matter. Inhal Toxicol. 2002;14:459–486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harada T, Koyama I, Shimoi A, Alpers DH, Komoda T: Identification of pulmonary surfactant that bears intestinal-type and tissue-nonspecific-type alkaline phosphatase in endotoxin-induced rat bronchoalveolar fluid. Cell Tissue Res. 2002;307:69–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capelli A, Lusuardi M, Cerutti CG, Donner CF: Lung alkaline phosphatase as a marker of fibrosis in chronic interstitial disorders. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;155:249–253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maier KL, Beck-Speier I, Dayal N, Dirscherl P, Griese M, Heilmann P, , et al: Health effects of sulfur-related environmental air pollution. II. Cellular and molecular parameters of injury. Inhal Toxicol. 1999;11:361–389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poelstra K, Bakker WW, Klok PA, Hardonk MJ, Meijer DK: A physiologic function for alkaline phosphatase: endotoxin detoxification. Lab Invest. 1997;76:319–327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Picher M, Burch LH, Boucher RC: Metabolism of P2 receptor agonists in human airways: implications for mucociliary clearance and cystic fibrosis. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:20234–20241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson JM, Cheng YS, Eidson AF, Hahn FF, Henderson RF, Pickrell JA: Pulmonary toxicity of nickel subsulfide in F344/N rats exposed for 1–22 days. Toxicology. 1995;103:9–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seagrave J, McDonald JD, Reed MD, Seilkop SK, Mauderly JL: Responses to subchronic inhalation of low concentrations of diesel exhaust and hardwood smoke measured in rat bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Inhal Toxicol. 2005;17:657–670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinrich U, Muhle H, Takenaka S, Ernst H, Fuhst R, Mohr U, , et al: Chronic effects on the respiratory tract of hamsters, mice and rats after long-term inhalation of high concentrations of filtered and unfiltered diesel engine emissions. J Appl Toxicol. 1986;6:383–395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seagrave JC, Knall C, McDonald JD, Mauderly JL: Diesel particulate material binds and concentrates a proinflammatory cytokine that causes neutrophil migration. Inhal Toxicol. 2004;16:93–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayram H, Devalia JL, Sapsford RJ, Ohtoshi T, Miyabara Y, Sagai M, , et al: The effect of diesel exhaust particles on cell function and release of inflammatory mediators from human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1998;18:441–448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boland S, Baeza-Squiban A, Fournier T, Houcine O, Gendron MC, Chevrier M, , et al: Diesel exhaust particles are taken up by human airway epithelial cells in vitro and alter cytokine production. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 1999;276:L604–L613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devalia JL, Bayram H, Abdelaziz MM, Sapsford RJ, Davies RJ: Differences between cytokine release from bronchial epithelial cells of asthmatic patients and non-asthmatic subjects: effect of exposure to diesel exhaust particles. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1999;118:437–439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takizawa H, Abe S, Okazaki H, Kohyama T, Sugawara I, Saito Y, , et al: Diesel exhaust particles upregulate eotaxin gene expression in human bronchial epithelial cells via nuclear factor-kappa B-dependent pathway. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2003;284:L1055–L1062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Prieur E, Vaz E, Bion A, Dionnet F, Morin JP: Toxicity of diesel engine exhausts in an in vitro model of lung slices in biphasic organotypic culture: induction of a proinflammatory and apoptotic response. Arch Toxicol. 2000;74:460–466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tao F, Kobzik L: Lung macrophage-epithelial cell interactions amplify particle-mediated cytokine release. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2002;26:499–505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baulig A, Garlatti M, Bonvallot V, Marchand A, Barouki R, Marano F, , et al: Involvement of reactive oxygen species in the metabolic pathways triggered by diesel exhaust particles in human airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2003;285:L671–L679.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doornaert B, Leblond V, Galiacy S, Gras G, Planus E, Laurent V, , et al: Negative impact of DEP exposure on human airway epithelial cell adhesion, stiffness, and repair. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2003;284:L119–L132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuo M, Uenishi R, Shimada T, Yamanaka S, Yabuki M, Utsumi K, , et al: Diesel exhaust particle-induced cell death of human leukemic promyelocytic cells HL-60 and their variant cells HL-NR6. Biol Pharm Bull. 2001;24:357–363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takizawa H, Abe S, Ohtoshi T, Kawasaki S, Takami K, Desaki M, , et al: Diesel exhaust particles up-regulate expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in human bronchial epithelial cells. Clin Exp Immunol. 2000;120:356–362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar