2,859
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Biology and Ecology of the Cryptophyceae: Status and Challenges

Pages 257-270 | Published online: 01 Oct 2013

References

  • Allen, M.B., E.C. Dougherty, and J.J.A. McLaughlin. 1959. Chromoprotein pigments of some cryptomonad flagellates. Nature 184(4692): 1047–1049.
  • Anderson, E. 1962. A cytological study of Chilomonas paramaecium with particular reference to the so-called trichocysts. J. Protozool. 9: 380–395.
  • Antia, N.J., R.F. Lee, J.C. Nevenzel, and J.Y. Cheng. 1974. Wax ester production by the marine cryptomonad Cryptomonas salina grown photoheterotrophically on glycerol. J. Protozool. 21: 768–771.
  • Arvola, L. 1984. Diel variation in primary production and the vertical distribution of phytoplankton in a polyhumic lake. Arch. Hydrobiol. 101: 503–519.
  • Arvola, L., K. Salonen, R.I. Jones, I. Bergstrø;m, and A. Heinänen. 1987. A three day study of the diel behaviour of plankton in a highly humic and steeply stratified lake. Arch. Hydrobiol. 109: 89–106.
  • Berggren U., B. Hansen, and T. Kioerboe. 1988. Food size spectra, ingestion and growth of the copepod Acartia tonsa during development: Implications for determination of copepod production. Mar. Biol. 99(3): 341–352.
  • Booth, B.C. 1987. The use of autofluorescence for analyzing oceanic phytoplankton communities. Bot. Mar. 30: 101–108.
  • Booth, B.C. 1988. Size classes and major taxonomic groups of phytoplankton at two locations in the subarctic Pacific Ocean in May and August, 1984. Mar. Biol. 97: 275–286.
  • Borowitzka, M.A. 1988. Vitamins and fine chemicals from micro-algae. In Micro-algal biotechnology, M.A. Borowitzka and L.J. Borowitzka eds. New York: Cambridge University Press, 153–196.
  • Braunwarth, C., and U. Sommer. 1985. Analyses of the in situ growth rates of Cryptophyceae by use of the mitotic index technique. Limnol. Oceanogr. 30: 893–897.
  • Brett, S.J., and R. Wetherbee. 1986. A comparative study of periplast structure in Cryptomonas cryophila and C. ovata (Cryptophyceae). Protoplasma 131: 23–31.
  • Brown, H.P. 1945. On the structure and mechanics of the protozoan flagellum. Ohio J. Sci. 45: 247–301.
  • Bruce, D., J. Biggins, T. Steiner, and M. Thewalt. 1986. Excitation energy transfer in the cryptophytes. Fluorescence excitation spectra and picosecond time-resolved emission spectra of intact algae at 77K. Photochem. Photobiol. 44: 519–525.
  • Burkhill, P.H., R.F.C. Mantoura, C.A. Llewellyn, and N.J.P. Owens. 1987. Microzooplankton grazing and selectivity of phytoplankton in coastal waters. Mar. Biol. 83: 581–590.
  • Burns, C.W., and Z. Xu. 1990. Utilization of colonial cyanobacteria and algae by freshwater calanoid copepods: Survivorship and reproduction of adult Boeckeila spp. Arch. Hydrobiol. 117(3):257–270.
  • Butcher, R.W. 1967. An introductory account of the smaller algae of British coastal waters. Part IV: Cryptophyceae. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. Fishery Investigations, Ser. IV. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
  • Cavalier-Smith, T. 1986. The kingdom Chromista: Origin and systematics. Progr. Phycol. Res. 4: 309–347.
  • Cosper, E.M., V.M. Bricelj, and E.J. Carpenter, eds. 1989. Novel phytoplankton blooms. Coastal and Estuarine Studies 35, Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
  • De Pauw, N., and G. Persoone. 1988. Micro-algae for aquaculture. In Micro-algal biotechnology, M.A. Borowitzka and L.J. Borowitzka eds. New York: Cambridge University Press, 197–221.
  • Dodge, J.D. 1979. The phytoflagellates: Fine structure and phylogeny. In Biochemistry and physiology of protozoa, 2d ed. M. Levandowsky and S.H. Hutner, eds. New York: Academic, vol. 1: 7–57.
  • Dokulil, M. 1988. Seasonal and spatial distribution of cryptophycean species in the deep, stratifying, alpine lake Mondsee and their role in the food web. Hydrobiologia 161: 185–201.
  • Dragesco, J. 1951. Sur la structure des trichocystes du Flagellé crytomonadine Chilomonas para- maecium. Bull. Micr. Appl. 2(1): 172–175.
  • Ehrenberg, C.G. 1831. Über die Entwicklung und Lebensdauer der Infusionsthiere. Abhandl. Deutsch. Akad. Wiss., Berlin, 1–154.
  • Ehrenberg, C.G. 1838. Infusionsthiere als vollkommene Organismen. Berlin: Leipzig.
  • Elser, J.J., and S.R. Carpenter. 1988. Predation-driven dynamics of zooplankton and phytoplankton communities in a whole-lake experiment. Oecologia 76: 148–154.
  • Gantt, E., 1979. Phycobiliproteins of Cryptophyceae. In Biochemistry and physiology of protozoa, 2d ed. M. Levandowsky and S.H. Hutner, eds. New York: Academic, vol. 1:121–137.
  • Geider, R.J. 1988. Abundances of autotrophic and heterotrophic nanoplankton and the size distribution of microbial biomass in the southwestern North Sea in October 1986. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 123: 127–145.
  • Gibbs, S.P. 1962a. The ultrastructure of the chloroplasts of algae. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 7: 418–435.
  • Gibbs, S.P. 1962b. Nuclear envelope-chloroplast relationship in algae. J. Cell Biol. 14: 433–444.
  • Gillott, M. 1990. Phylum Cryptophyta (Cryptomonads). In Handbook of protoctista, L. Margulis, J. Corliss, M. Melkonian, and D.J. Chapman, eds. Boston: Jones and Bartlett, 148–151.
  • Gillott, M.A., and S.P. Gibbs. 1980. The cryptomonad nucleomorph: Its ultrastructure and evolutionary significance. J. Phycol. 16: 558–568.
  • Gillott, M.A., and S.P. Gibbs. 1983. Comparison of the flagellar rootlets and periplast in two marine cryptomonads. Can. J. Bot. 61: 1964–1978.
  • Glover, H.E., M.D. Keller, and R.W. Spinrad. 1987. The effects of light quality and intensity on photosynthesis and growth of marine eukaryotic and procaryotic phytoplankton clones. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 105: 137–159.
  • Goad, L.J., G.G. Holz, Jr., and D.H. Beach. 1983. Identification of (24S)-24-methylcholesta-5, 22-dien-3β-ol as the major sterol of a marine cryptophyte and a marine prymnesiophyte. Phytochemistry 22(2):475–476.
  • Greenwood, A.D. 1974. The Cryptophyta in relation to phylogeny and photosynthesis. Abs. no. 32, 8th Int. Congr. E.M., Canberra, 566–567.
  • Guard-Friar, D., B.L. Eisenberg, M.R. Edwards, and R. MacColl. 1986. Immunochemistry on cryptomonad biliproteins. Plant Physiol. 80: 38–42.
  • Guillard, R.R.L., and C.J. Lorenzen. 1972. Yellow-green algae with chlorophyllide c. J. Phycol. 8: 10–14.
  • Guillard, R.R.L., and J. Ryther. 1962. Studies on marine planktonic diatoms. I. Cyclotella nana Hustedt and Detonula confervaceae (Cleve) Gran. Can. J. Microbiol. 8: 229–239.
  • Hada, Y. 1974. The flagellata examined from polluted water of the Inland Sea, Setonaikai. Bull. Plankton Soc. Japan 20(2):20–33 (112–125).
  • Häder, D-P. 1988. Ecological consequences of photomovement in microorganisms. J. Photochem. Photobiol., B. Biol. 1: 385–414.
  • Häder, D-P., and M. Häder. 1989a. Effects of solar U.V.-B irradiation on photomovement and motility in photosynthetic and colorless flagellates. Environ. Exp. Bot. 29: 273–282.
  • Häder, D-P. and M. Häder. 1989b. Effects of solar radiation on photoorientation, motility and pigmentation in a freshwater Cryptomonas. Bot. Acta 102: 236–240.
  • Häder, D-P., E. Rhiel, and W. Wehrmeyer. 1987. Phototaxis in the marine flagellate Cryptomonas maculata. J. Photochem. Photobiol., B. Biol., 1(1): 115–122.
  • Häder, D-P, E. Rhiel, and W. Wehrmeyer. 1988. Ecological consequences of photomovement and photobleaching in the marine flagellate Cryptomonas maculata. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 53(1):9–18.
  • Haines, K.C., K.D. Hoagland, and G.A. Fryxell. 1982. A preliminary list of algal culture collections of the world. In Selected papers in phycology, II. J.R. Rosowski and B.C. Parker, eds. Lawrence, KS: Phycology Society of America, 820–826.
  • Hansmann, P., H. Falk, V. Scheer, and P. Sitte. 1986. Ultrastructural localization of DNA in two Cryptomonas species by use of a monoclonal DNA antibody. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 42: 152–160.
  • Happey-Wood, C.M. 1988. Vertical-migration patterns of flagellates in a community of freshwater benthic algae. Hydrobiologia 161: 99–123.
  • Haxo, F.T., and D.C. Fork. 1959. Photosynthetically active accessory pigments of cryptomonads. Nature 184: 1051–1052.
  • Henderson, R.J., and E.E. Macinlay. 1989. Effect on the temperature on lipid composition of the marine cryptomonad. Chroomonas salina. Phytochemistry 28(11):2943–2948.
  • Henderson, R.J., and J.R. Sargent. 1989. Lipid composition and biosynthesis in ageing cultures of the marine cryptomonad, Chroomonas salina. Phytochemistry 28(5): 1355–1361.
  • Hill, D.R.A. 1990a. A revised circumscription of Cryptomonas (Cryptophyceae) based on examination of Australian strains. Phycologia. in press.
  • Hill, D.R.A. 1990b. Chroomonas and other blue-green cryptomonads. J. Phycol., in press.
  • Hill, D.R.A., and K.S. Rowan. 1989. The biliproteins of the Cryptophyceae. Phycologia 28(4):455–463.
  • Hill, D.R.A., and R. Wetherbee. 1986. Proteomonas sulcata gen. et sp. nov. (Cryptophyceae), a cryptomonad with two morphologically distinct and alternating forms. Phycologia 25(4):521–543.
  • Hill, D.R.A., and R. Wetherbee. 1988. The structure and taxonomy of Rhinomonas pauca gen. et sp. nov. (Cryptophyceae). Phycologia 27: 355–365.
  • Hiller, R.G., and C.D. Martin. 1987. Multiple forms of a type I phycoerythrin from a Chroomonas sp. (Cryptophyceae) varying in subunit composition. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 923: 98–102.
  • Hollande, A. 1942. Etude cytologique et biologique des quelques flagellés libre. Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen. 83: 24–73.
  • Ilmavirta, V. 1984. The ecology of flagellated phytoplankton in brown-water lakes. Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol. 22: 817–821.
  • Ilmavirta, V. 1988. Phytoflagellates and their ecology in Finnish brown-water lakes. Hydrobiologia 161: 255–270.
  • Infante, A., and A.H. Litt. 1985. Differences between two species of Daphnia in the use of 10 species of algae in Lake Washington. Limnol. Oceanogr. 30: 1053–1059.
  • Iwasaki, H., Y. Okada, and S. Tanaka. 1969. Studies on the red tide dinoflagellates. IV. On Rhodomonas ovalis Nygaard appeared in coastal area of Fukuyama. Bull. Pl. Soc. Japan 16(2):140–144.
  • Jones, R.I. 1988. Vertical distribution and diel migration of flagellated phytoplankton in a small humic lake. Hydrobiologia 161: 75–87.
  • Jones, R.I., and V. Ilmavirta, eds. 1988. Flagellates in freshwater ecosystems. Hydrobiologia 161: 1–279.
  • Kamiya, A., and S. Miyachi. 1984. Effects of light quality on formation of 5-aminolevulinic acid, phycoerythrin and chlorophyll in Cryptomonas sp. cells collected from the subsurface chlorophyll layer. Plant Cell Physiol. 25(5):831–839.
  • Kaneda, H., and M. Furuya. 1982. Effects of calcium and potassium ions on phototaxis in Cryptomonas. Plant Cell Physiol. 23: 1377–1382.
  • Kaneda, H., and M. Furuya. 1987. Effect of calcium ions on phototactic orientation of individual Cryptomonas cells. Plant Sci. 48: 31–35.
  • Keller, M.D., R.C. Selvin, W. Claus, and R.R.L. Guillard. 1987. Media for the culture of oceanic ultraphytoplankton. J. Phycol. 23: 633–638.
  • Keller, M.D., W.K. Bellows, and R.R.L. Guillard. 1989. Dimethyl sulfide production in marine phytoplankton. In Biogenic sulfur in the environment, E.S. Salzman and W.J. Cooper, eds. ACS Symposium Series 393. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 167–182.
  • Kiesling, R.L. 1990. A mechanistic understanding of resource-based zooplankton species succession: The role of individual phytoplankton species as cladoceran food resource. Abstr., Am. Soc. Limn. Oceanogr. Annu. Meeting 1990, 48.
  • Klaveness, D. 1981. Rhodomonas lacustris (Pascher & Ruttner) Javornicky (Cryptomonadida): Ultrastructure of the vegetative cell. J. Protozool. 28(1):83–90.
  • Klaveness, D. 1985a. Classical and modern criteria for determining species of Cryptophyceae. Bull. Plankton Soc. Japan 32(2): 111–123.
  • Klaveness, D. 1985b. The Cryptophyceae—geographical distribution, ecological range, and role in the aquatic food-webs. Second Int. Phycol. Congr. Copenhagen, 4–10 August 1985, Book of Abstracts, 82.
  • Klaveness, D. 1988. Ecology of the Cryptomonadida: A first review. In Growth and reproductive strategies of freshwater phytoplankton, C.D. Sandgren, ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 105–133.
  • Klaveness, D. 1990. Size structure and potential food value of the plankton community to Ostrea edulis L. in a traditional Norwegian “østerspoll.” Aquaculture 86: 231–247.
  • Kondo, K., Y. Seike, and Y. Date. 1990. Red tides in brackish lake Nakanoumi. I. The frequency and causative species of red tides. Bull. Plankton Soc. Japan 36(2): 103–110.
  • Kristiansen, J., and R. A. Andersen, eds. 1986. Chrysophytes: Aspects and problems. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kugrens, P., R.E. Lee. 1987. An ultrastructural survey of cryptomonad periplasts using quick-freezing freeze fracture techniques. J. Phycol. 23: 365–376.
  • Kugrens, P., R.E. Lee, and R.A. Andersen. 1986. Cell form and surface patterns in Chroomonas and Cryptomonas cells (Cryptophyta) as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. J. Phycol. 22: 512–522.
  • Larsen, J. 1988. An ultrastructural study of Amphidinium poecilochroum (Dinophyceae), a phago- trophic dinoflagellate feeding on small species of cryptophytes. Phycologia 27: 366–377.
  • Leeper, D.A., and K.G. Porter. 1990. Selective feeding of Daphnia parvula on heterotrophic and autotrophic nanoflagellates. Abstr., Am. Soc. Limn. Oceanogr. Annu. Meeting 1990, 52.
  • Lewitus, A.J., and D.A. Caron. 1990. Relative effects of nitrogen or phosphorus depletion and light intensity on the pigmentation, chemical composition, and volume of Pyrenomonas salina (Cryptophyceae). Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 61: 171–181.
  • Lichtlé, C., and J.P. Dubacq. 1984. Lipid modifications related to encystment and excystment of Cryptomonas rufescens Skuja (Cryptophyceae). J. Phycol. 20: 8–12.
  • Ludwig, M., and S.P. Gibbs. 1985. DNA is present in the nucleomorph of Cryptomonads: Further evidence that the chloroplast evolved from a eucaryotic endosymbiont. Protoplasma 127: 9–20.
  • Ludwig, M., and S.P. Gibbs. 1987. Are the nucleomorphs of cryptomonads and Chlorarachnion the vestigial nuclei of eucaryotic endosymbionts?. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 503: 198–211.
  • Ludwig, M., and S.P. Gibbs. 1989a. Localization of phycoerythrin at the lumenal surface of the thylakoid membrane in Rhodomonas lens. J. Cell Biol. 108: 875–884.
  • Ludwig, M., and S.P. Gibbs. 1989b. Evidence that the nucleomorphs of Chlorarachnion reptans (Chlorarachniophyceae) are vestigial nuclei: Morphology, division and DNA-DAPI fluorescence. J. Phycol. 25: 385–394.
  • MacColl, R., and D. Guard-Friar. 1987. Phycobiliproteins. Boca Raton, FL.: CRC Press.
  • Margulis, L., and K. V. Schwartz. 1988. Five kingdoms. An illustrated guide to the phyla of life on earth, 2d ed. New York: Freeman.
  • Moal, J., V. Martin-Jezequel, R.P. Harris, J-F. Samain, and S.A. Poulet. 1987. Interspecific and intraspecific variability of the chemical composition of marine phytoplankton. Oceanol. Acta 10(3):339–346.
  • Mukai, T. 1987. Effects of micro-scale in situ environmental gradients concerning water qualities on the structure of the phytoplankton community in a coastal embayment. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Sci. 25: 447–458.
  • Napp, J.M., E.R. Brooks, F.M.H. Reid, P. Matrai, and M.M. Mullin. 1988a. Vertical distribution of marine particles and grazers. I. Vertical distribution of food quality and quantity. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 50: 45–58.
  • Napp, J.M., E.R. Brooks, P. Matrai, and M.M. Mullin. 1988b. Vertical distribution of marine particles and grazers. II. Relation of grazer distribution to food quality and quantity. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser. 50: 59–72.
  • Pascher, A. 1913. Cryptomonadinae. In A. Pascher, ed. Süsswasserflora, Vol. 2, flagellatele 2, 96–114.
  • Pascher, A. 1914. Über Flagellaten und Algen. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 32(2): 136–160.
  • Pascher, A. 1931. Systematische Übersicht über die mit Flagellaten in Zusammenhang stehenden Algenreihen und Versuch einer Einreihung dieser Algenstämme in die Stämme des Pflanzenreiches. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 48(2): 317–332.
  • Pedrós-Alió, C., J.M.-A. Gasol, and R. Guerrero. 1986. Microbial ecology of sulfurous Lake Cisó. Proc. IV ISME: 638–643.
  • Pedrós-Alió, C., J.M. Gasol, and R. Guerrero. 1987. On the ecology of a Cryptomonas phaseolus population forming a metalimnetic bloom in Lake Cisó, Spain: Annual distribution and loss factors. Limnol. Oceanogr. 32(2):285–298.
  • Pennick, N.C. 1981. Flagellar scales in Hemiselmis brunnescens Butcher and H. virescens Droop. Arch. Protistenk. 124: 267–270.
  • Porter, K.G. 1988. Phagotrophic phytoflagellates in microbial food webs. Hydrobiologia 159: 89–97.
  • Pringsheim, E.G. 1944. Some aspects of taxonomy in the Cryptophyceae. New Phytol. 43: 143–150.
  • Pringsheim, E.G. 1958. Über Mixotrophie bei Flagellaten. Planta 52: 405–430.
  • Pringsheim, E.G. 1968. Zur Kenntnis der Cryptomonaden des Siisswassers. Nova Hedwigia 16: 367–401+Tab. 148–154.
  • Regan, D.L. 1988. Other micro-algae. In Micro-algal biotechnology, M.A. Borowitzka and L.J. Borowitzka, eds. New York: Cambridge University Press, 135–150.
  • Reinertsen, H. 1982. The effect of nutrient addition on the phytoplankton community of an oligotrophic lake. Holarctic Ecol. 5: 225–252.
  • Reinertsen, H., and Y. Olsen. 1984. Effects of fish elimination on the phytoplankton community of a eutrophic lake. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 22: 649–657.
  • Rhiel, E., E. Mörschel, and W. Wehrmeyer. 1985. Correlation of pigment deprivation and ultrastructural organization of thylakoid membranes in Cryptomonas maculata following nutrient deficiency. Protoplasma 129: 62–73.
  • Rhiel, E., K. Krupinska, and W. Wehrmeyer. 1986. Effects of nitrogen starvation on the function and organization of the photosynthetic membranes in Cryptomonas maculata (Cryptophyceae). Planta 169: 361–369.
  • Rhiel, E., D-P. Häder, and W. Wehrmeyer. 1988a. Photoorientation in a freshwater Cryptomonas species. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, Biol. 2: 123–132.
  • Rhiel, E., D-P. Häder, and W. Wehrmeyer. 1988b. Diaphototaxis and gravitaxis in a freshwater Cryptomonas. Plant Cell Physiol. 29: 755–760.
  • Rhiel, E., J. Kunz, and Wehrmeyer. 1989. Immunocytochemical localization of phycoerythrin-545 and of a chlorophyll a/c light harvesting complex in Cryptomonas maculata (Cryptophyceae). Bot. Acta 102: 46–53.
  • Rott, E. 1988. Some aspects of the seasonal distribution of flagellates in mountain lakes. Hydrobiologia 161: 159–170.
  • Rowan, K.S. 1989. Photosynthetic pigments of algae. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Salonen, K., and S. Jokinen. 1988. Flagellate grazing on bacteria in a small dystrophic lake. Hydrobiologia 161: 203–209.
  • Salonen, K., R.I. Jones, and L. Arvola, 1984. Hypolimnetic phosphorus retrieval by diel vertical migration of lake phytoplankton. Freshwater Biol. 14: 431–438.
  • Sanders, R.W., and K.G. Porter. 1988. Phagotrophic phytoflagellates. Adv. Microbial. Ecol. 10: 167–192.
  • Sanders, R.W., and K.G. Porter. 1990. Bacterivorous flagellates as food resources for the freshwater crustacean zooplankter Daphnia ambigua. Limnol. Oceanogr. 35(1): 188–191.
  • Santore, U.J. 1978. Light- and electron-microscopic observations of the palmelloid phase in members of the genus Cryptomonas (Cryptophyceae). Arch. Protistenk. 120: 429–435.
  • Santore, U.J. 1983. Flagellar and body scales in the Cryptophyceae. Br. Phycol. J. 18: 239–248.
  • Santore, U.J. 1984. Some aspects of taxonomy in the Cryptophyceae. New Phytol. 98: 627–646.
  • Santore, U.J. 1985. A cytological survey of the genus Cryptomonas (Cryptophyceae) with comments on its taxonomy. Arch. Protistenk. 130: 1–52.
  • Santore, U.J. 1987. A cytological survey of the genus Chroomonas—with comments on the taxonomy of this natural group of the Cryptophyceae. Arch. Protistenk. 134: 83–114.
  • Shapiro, J., and D.I. Wright. 1984. Lake restoration by biomanipulation: Round Lake, Minnesota—the first two years. Freshwater Biol. 14: 371–383.
  • Skogstad, A., L.M. Granskog, and D. Klaveness. 1987. Growth of freshwater ciliates offered planktonic algae as food. J. Plankton Res. 9(3):503–512.
  • Smayda, T.J., and T.A. Villareal. 1989. The 1985 “Brown-Tide” and the open phytoplankton niche in Narragansett Bay during summer. In Novel phytoplankton blooms, E.M. Cosper, V.M. Bricelj, and E.J. Carpenter, eds. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 159–187.
  • Smolander, U., and L. Arvola. 1988. Seasonal variation in the diel vertical distribution of the migratory alga Cryptomonas marssonii (Cryptophyceae) in a small, highly humic lake. Hydrobiologia 161: 89–98.
  • Snyder, U.K., and J. Biggins. 1987. Exitation-energy redistribution in the cryptomonad algae Cryptomonas ovata. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 892(1):48–55.
  • Sommer, U. 1987. Factors controlling the seasonal variation in phytoplankton species composition—a case study for a deep, nutrient rich lake. Progr. Phycol. Res. 5: 123–178.
  • Sommer, U. 1988. Some size relationships in phytoflagellate motility. Hydrobiologia 161: 125–131.
  • Sommer, U. 1989. The role of competition for resources in phytoplankton succession. In Plankton ecology, U. Sommer, ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 57–106.
  • Sommer, U., M.Z. Gliwicz, W. Lampert, and A. Duncan. 1986. The PEG-model of seasonal succession of planktonic events in fresh waters. Arch. Hydrobiol. 106(4):433–471.
  • Spear-Bernstein, L., and K.R. Miller. 1987. Immunogold localization of the phycobiliprotein of a cryptophyte alga to the intrathylakoid space. In Progress in photosynthesis research, vol. 2 J. Biggins, ed. Dordrecht: Nijhoff, 309–312.
  • Stemberger, R.S. 1981. A general approach to the culture of planktonic rotifers. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 38: 721–724.
  • Sterner, R.W. 1989. The role of grazers in phytoplankton succession. In Plankton ecology. U. Sommer, ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 107–170.
  • Stewart, A.J., and R.G. Wetzel. 1986. Cryptophytes and other microflagellates as couplers in planktonic community dynamics. Arch. Hydrobiol. 106: 1–19.
  • Tanaka, Y., and S. Ishio. 1971. Abstr. of papers, Annu. Session, Japan Soc. Sci. Fish., Apr. 1971, Tokyo, p. 91. (Cit. from Y. Hashimoto, 1979. Marine toxins and other bioactive marine metabolites, 239–240). Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo. 369 pp.
  • Taylor, W.D., and R.G. Wetzel. 1984. Population dynamics of Rhodomonas minuta v. nannoplanktica Skuja (Cryptophyceae) in a hardwater lake. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 22: 536–541.
  • Tranvik, L.J., K.G. Porter, and J.McN. Sieburth. 1989. Occurrence of bacterivory in Cryptomonas, a common freshwater phytoplankter. Oecologia 78: 473–476.
  • Verity, P.G., and T.A. Villareal. 1986. The relative food value of diatoms, dinoflagellates, flagellates, and cyanobacteria for tintinnid ciliates. Arch. Protistenk. 131: 71–84.
  • Vilicic, D., T. Legovic, and V. Zutic. 1989. Vertical distribution of phytoplankton in a stratified estuary. Aq. Sci. 51(1):31–46.
  • Watanabe, M., and M. Furuya. 1978. Phototactic responses of cell population to repeated pulses of yellow light in a phytopflagellate Cryptomonas sp. Plant Physiol. 61: 816–818.
  • Watanabe, M., and M. Furuya. 1982. Phototactic behavior of individual cells of Cryptomonas sp. in response to continuous and intermittent light stimuli. Photochem. Photobiol. 35: 559–563.
  • Wetherbee, R., D.R.A. Hill, and G.I. McFadden. 1986. Periplast structure of the cryptomonad flagellate Hemiselmis brunnescens. Protoplasma 131: 11–22.
  • Willén, E. 1987. Phytoplankton and reversed eutrophication in Lake Mälaren, Central Sweden, 1965–1983. Br. Phycol. J. 22: 193–208.
  • Williamson, C.E., and N.M. Butler. 1987. Temperature, food and mate limitation of copepod reproductive rates: Separating the effects of multiple hypotheses. J. Plankton Res. 5: 821–836.
  • Zutic, V., B. Cosovic, E. Marcenko, and N. Bihari, 1981. Surfactant production of marine phytoplankton. Mar. Chem. 10: 505–520.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.