- Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. M ortality Statistics: 1985, England and Wales, DH1 No. 17. London: HMSO, 1987.
- Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. M ortality Statistics: accidents and violence: 1985 England andWales, DH4 No. 11. London: HMSO, 1987.
- Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. M ortality Statistics: area, 1985 England and Wales, DH5 No. 12. London: HMSO, 1987.
- Anderson ID, Woodford M, DeDombal FT, Irving M. Retrospective study of 1000 deaths from injury in England and Wales. B M J 1988;296:1305-8.
- Royal College of Surgeons of England. The M anage-ment of Patients with M ajor Injuries. London: RCSE, 1988.
- van Zomeren AH, van den Burg W. Residual complaints of patients two years after severe head injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr y 1985;48:21-8.
- Thomsen IV. Late outcome of very severe blunt head trauma: a 10-15 year second follow up. J Neurol Neuro-surg Psychiatry 1984;47:260-8.
- Jennett B, Snoek J, Bond MR, et al. Disability after severe head injury: observations on the use of the Glasgow Outcome Scale. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1981;44:285-93.
- Brooks N, Campsie L, Symington C, Beattie A, McKinlay W. The five year outcome of severe blunt head injury: a relative‘s view. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1986;49:764-70.
- Braakman R, Gelpke GJ, Habbema JDF, Maas AIR, Minderhoud JM. Systematic selection of prognostic features in patients with severe head injury. Neurosurgery 1980;6:362-70.
- Gorman DF, Teanby DN, Sinha MP, Wotherspoon J, Boot DA, Molokhia A. The epidemiology of major injuries in Mersey Region and North Wales. Injur y 1995;26:51-4.
- Baker SP, O‘ Neill B, Hadon W, Long WB. The injury severity score: a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care. J Trauma 1974;14:187-96.
- Cooke RS, McNicholl BP, Byrnes DP. Use of the Injury Severity Score in head injury. Injur y 1995;26:399-400.
- Committee on Medical Aspects of Automotive Safety. Rating the severity oftissue damage. JAM A 1971;215:277-80.
- States JD, Fenner HAJ, Flamboe EE, et al. Field Application and Research Development of the Abbreviated Injury Scale, SAE print 710873. NewYork: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1971.
- Jennett B, Bond M. Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage. A practical scale. Lancet 1975;i:480-4.
- Bull JP. Disabilities caused by road traffic accidents and their relation to severity scores. Accident Anal Prevent 1985;17:387-97.
- Bull JP. The injury severity score of road traffic casualties in relation to mortality, time of death, hospital treatment time and disability. Accident Anal Prevent 1975;1:249-55.
- Gissane W, Bull JP, Roberts B. Sequelae of road injuries. Injury 1970;1:195-203.
- Anderson SI, Housley AL, Jones PA, Slattery J, Miller JD. Glasgow Outcome Scale: an inter-rater reliability study. B rain Injury 1993;7:309-17.
- Cohen J. Weighted Kappa: Nominal scale agreement with provision for scaled disagrement or partial credit. Psychol B ull 1968;70:213-20.
- Bull JP. Measures of severity of injury. Injur y 1976;9:184-7.
- Siegel S. Nonparametric Statistics for the B ehavioural Sciences. Tokyo: McGraw-Hill, 1956.
- Jennett B. Epidemiology of head injury. J Neurol Neuro-surg Psychiatry 1996;60:362-9.
- Fearnside MR, Simpson DA. Epidemiology. Reilly PL, Bullock R, eds. Head Injury. Pathophysiology and M anage-ment of Severe Closed Injury. London: Chapman & Hall Medical, 1997:3-24.
- Gouvier WD, Blanton PD, Kittle KS. Reliability and validity of the expanded Glasgow Outcome Scale and the Stover-Zeiger scale. Int J C lin N europsychol 1986;8:1-2.
- Maas AJR, Braakman R, Schouten HJA. Minderhoud JM, van Zomeren AH. Agreement between physicians on assessment of outcome following head injury. J Neurosurg 1983;58:321-5.
- Brooks DN, Hosie J, Bond MR, et al. Cognitive sequelae of severe head injury in relation to the Glasgow Outcome Scale. J N eu rol N eu rosurg P sychiatr y 1986;49:549-53.
- Wilson JTL, Pettigrew LEL, Teasdale GM. Structured interviews for the Glasgow Outcome Scale and the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale: guidelines for their use. J Neurotrauma 1998;15:573-85.
- Jenkinson C, Coulter A, Wright L. Short form 36 (SF-36) health survey questionnaire: normative data for adults of working age. B M J 1993;306:1437-40.
- Garratt AM, Ruta DA, Abdall MI, Buckingham JK, Russell IT. The SF36 health survey questionnaire: an outcome measure suitable for routine use within the NHS? B MJ 1993;306:1440-4.
- Deane M, Pigott T, Dearing P. The value of the Short Form 36 score in the outcome assessment of subarachnoid haemorrhage. B r J Neurosurg 1996;10:187-91.
- Dunn LT, Patterson M, Boot D. The use of the short form 36 (SF-36) health survey questionnaire as a measure of outcome 5 years after head injury. [Abstract] J Neurotrauma 1998;15:44.
- Teasdale GM, Pettigrew LEL, Wilson JTL, Murray GD, Jennett B. Analysing outcome of treatment of severe head injury: a review and update on advancing the use of the Glasgow Outcome Scale. J Neurotraum a 1998;15(8):587-97.
- Hall K, Cope DN, Rappaport M. Glasgow Outcome Scale and Disability Rating Scale: Comparative Usefulness in Following Recovery in Traumatic Head Injury. Arch Phys M ed Rehabil 1985;66:35-7.
- Anderson SI, Wilson CL, McDowell IP, Pentland B, Gray JM, Robertson IH. Late rehabilitation for closed head injury: a follow-up study of patients 1 year from time of discharge. B rain Injury 1996;10:115-24.
- Moore AD, Stambrook M, Peters LC, Cardosos ER, Kassum DA. Long-term multi-dimensional outcome following isolated traumatic brain injuries and traumatic brain injuries associated with multiple trauma. B rain Injury 1990;4:379-89.
- Groswasser Z, Cohen M, Blankstein E. Polytrauma associated with traumatic brain injury: incidence, nature and impact on rehabilitation outcome. B rain Injury 1990;4:161-6.
- Teasdale GM, Thornhill S, McEwen J, Murray GD, Roy C, McLeod D. Hospitalised head injuries: sequelae, rehabilitation services and outcome. J Neurotraum a 1998;15(1):68.
- Jennett B, Carlin J. Preventable mortality and morbidity after head injury. Injury 1978;10:31-9.
- Gennarelli TA, Champion HR, Sacco WJ, Copes WS, Alves WM. Mortality of patients with head injury and extracranial injury treated in trauma centres. J Trauma 1989;29:1193-202.
Head injury in the severely injured: long-term follow-up in 157 patients
Reprints and Corporate Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:
Academic Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:
If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.