Early myocardial dysfunction following subarachnoid haemorrhage

References

• Lagerkranser M, Pehrsson K, Sylven C. Neurogenic pulmon-ary oedema. A review of the pathophysiology with clinical and therapeutic implications. Acta Med Scand 1982;212:267–71.
   Google Scholar
• Davies KR, Gelb AW, Manninen PH, Boughner DR, Bisnaire D. Cardiac function in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: a study of electrocardiographic and echocardiographic ab-normalities. Br Anaesth 1991;67:58–63.
   Google Scholar
• Mayer SA, LiMandri G, Sherman D, et al. Electrocardio-graphic markers of abnormal left ventricular wall motion in acute subarachnoid haemorrhage. 3 Neurosurg 1995;83: 889 — 96.
   Google Scholar
• Greenhoot JH, Reichenbach DD. Cardiac injury and subar-achnoid haemorrhage. A clinical, pathological, and physiological correlation. 3 Neurosurg 1969;30: 521 —31.
   Google Scholar
• Hawkins WE, Clower BR. Myocardial damage after head trauma and simulated intracranial haemorrhage in mice: the role of the autonomic nervous system. Cardiovasc Res 1971;5:524–9.
   Google Scholar
• Kolin A, Norris JW. Myocardial damage from acute cerebral lesions. Stroke 1984;15:990 — 3.
   Google Scholar
• Weir BK. Pulmonary oedema following fatal aneurysm rupture. I Neurosurg 1978;49:502–7.
   Google Scholar
• Mayer SA, Fink ME, Homma S, et al. Cardiac injury associated with neurogenic pulmonary oedema following subarachnoid haemorrhage. Neurology 1994;44:815–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Society of Anesthesiologists and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Task Force on Transesopha-geal Echocardiography. Practice guidelines for perioperative transesophageal echocardiography, Report. Anesthesiology 1996;84:986–1006.
   Google Scholar
• Denault A, Couture P, Perrault LP, et al. Diagnosis, predictors, mechanisms and treatment of haemodynamic instability in cardiac surgery: research perspective at the Montreal Heart Institute. In: S. G. Pandalai (Ed.) Recent research developments in anesthesia and analgesia, Vol. 1. Kerala: Transworld Research Network, 2003:25–43.
   Google Scholar
• Costachescu T, Denault AY, Guimond JG, et al. The haemodynamically unstable patient in the intensive care unit: haemodynamic vs. transesophageal echocardiographic mon-itoring. Grit Care Med 2002;3:1214–23.
   Google Scholar
• Schiller NB, Shah PM, Crawford M, et al. Recommendations for quantitation of the left ventricle by two-dimensional echocardiography. American Society of Echocardiography Committee on Standards, Subcommittee on Quantitation of Two-Dimensional Echocardiograms. I Am Soc Echocardiogr 1989;2:358— 67.
   Google Scholar
• Rakowski H, Appleton C, Chan KL, et al. Canadian consensus recommendations for the measurement and reporting of diastolic dysfunction by echocardiography: from the Investiga-tors of Consensus on Diastolic Dysfunction by Echocardiography. I Am Soc Echocardiogr 1996;9:736— 60.
   Google Scholar
• Khouri SJ, Maly GT, Suh DD, Walsh TE. A practical approach to the echocardiographic evaluation of diastolic function. I Am Soc Echocardiogr 2004;17:290–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollick C, Cujec B, Parker S, Tator C. Left ventricular wall motion abnormalities in subarachnoid haemorrhage: an echocardiographic study. I Am Coll Cardiol 1988;12:600–5.
   Google Scholar
• Mayer SA, Lin J, Homma S, et al. Myocardial injury and left ventricular performance after subarachnoid haemorrhage. Stroke 1999;30:780— 6.
   Google Scholar
• Wells C, Cujec B, Johnson D, Goplen G. Reversibility of severe left ventricular dysfunction in patients with subarach-noid haemorrhage. Am Heart 3 1995;129:409–12.
   Google Scholar
• Quinones MA, Otto CM, Stoddard M, Waggoner A, Zoghbi WA. Recommendations for quantification of Doppler echo-cardiography: a report from the Doppler Quantification Task Force of the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the American Society of Echocardiography. I Am Soc Echocardiogr 2002;15:167–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redfield MM, Jacobsen SJ, Burnett JC Jr, Mahoney DW, Bailey KR, Rodeheffer RJ. Burden of systolic and diastolic ventricular dysfunction in the community: appreciating the scope of the heart failure epidemic. 3 Am Med Ass 2003;289:194 —202.
   Google Scholar
• Vasan RS, Benjamin EJ, Levy D. Prevalence, clinical features and prognosis of diastolic heart failure: an epidemiologic perspective. I Am Coll Cardiol 1995;26:1565–74.
   Google Scholar
• Vasan RS, Larson MG, Benjamin EJ, Evans JC, Reiss CK, Levy D. Congestive heart failure in subjects with normal versus reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: prevalence and mortality in a population-based cohort. I Am Coll Cardiol 1999;33:1948–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Study Group on Diastolic Heart Failure. How to diagnose diastolic heart failure. Eur Heart 3 1998;19:990 — 1003.
   Google Scholar
• Bernard F, Denault A, Babin D, et al. Diastolic dysfunction is predictive of difficult weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesth Analg 2001;92:291 —8.
   Google Scholar
• Vaskelyte J, Stoskute N, Kinduris S, Ereminiene E. Coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction: predictive significance of left ventricular diastolic filling pattern. Eur 3 Echocardiogr 2001;2:62–7.
   Google Scholar
• Liu J, Tanaka N, Murata K, et al. Prognostic value of pseudonormal and restrictive filling patterns on left ventricular remodeling and cardiac events after coronary artery bypass grafting. Am 3 Cardiol 2003;91:550 — 4.
   Google Scholar
• Reichert CL, Visser CA, van den Brink RB, et al. Prognostic value of biventricular function in hypotensive patients after cardiac surgery as assessed by transesophageal echocardiogra-phy. 3 Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1992;6:429–32.
   Google Scholar
• Davila-Roman VG, Waggoner AD, Hopkins WE, Barzilai B. Right ventricular dysfunction in low output syndrome after cardiac operations: assessment by transesophageal echocardio-graphy. Ann Thorac Surg 1995;60:1081 — 6.
   Google Scholar
• Wranne B, Pinto FJ, Hammarstrom E, St Goar FG, Puryear J, Popp RL. Abnormal right heart filling after cardiac surgery: time course and mechanisms. Br Heart 3 1991;66:435–42.
   Google Scholar
• Appleton CP, Hatle LK, Popp RL. Superior vena cava and hepatic vein Doppler echocardiography in healthy adults. I Am Coll Cardiol 1987;10:1032–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calif RM, Bengtson JR. Cardiogenic shock. N Engl I Med 1994;330:1724 —30.
   Google Scholar
• Lattik R, Couture P, Denault AY, et al. Mitral Doppler indices are superior to two-dimensional and conventional haemody-namic indices to predict fluid responsiveness. Anesth Analg 2002;94:1092 —9.
   Google Scholar
• Pinto RJ, Goyal V, Sharma S, Bhagwati SN. Transient myocardial dysfunction in a patient with subarachnoid haemorrhage. Int 3 Cardiol 1994;46:289— 91.
   Google Scholar
• Malik AB. Mechanisms of neurogenic pulmonary oedema. Circ Res 1985;57:1–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castello R, Pearson AC, Kern MJ, Labovitz AJ. Diastolic function in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty: influ-ence of degree of revascularization. I Am Coll Cardiol 1990;15:1564–9.
   Google Scholar
• Schell AR, Shenoy MM, Friedman SA, Patel AR. Pulmonary oedema associated with subarachnoid haemorrhage. Evidence for a cardiogenic origin. Arch Intern Med 1987;147:591 —2.
   Google Scholar
• Yabumoto M, Kuriyama T, Iwamoto M, et al. Neurogenic pulmonary oedema associated with ruptured intracranial aneurysm: case report. Neurosurgery 1986;19:300–4.
   Google Scholar