References
- Vanneste J A. Diagnosis and management of normal-pressure hydrocephalus. J Neurol 2000; 247: 5–14
- Hebb A O, Cusimano M D. Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a systematic review of diagnosis and outcome. Neurosurgery 2001; 49: 1166–1184, discussion 1184 – 6
- Larsson A, Wikkelso C, Bilting M, Stephensen H. Clinical parameters in 74 consecutive patients shunt operated for normal pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurol Scand 1991; 84: 475–482
- Mori K. Management of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus: a multiinstitutional study conducted in Japan. J Neurosurg 2001; 95: 970–973
- Malm J, Kristensen B, Stegmayr B, Fagerlund M, Koskinen L O. Three-year survival and functional outcome of patients with idiopathic adult hydrocephalus syndrome. Neurology 2000; 55: 576–578
- Savolainen S, Hurskainen H, Paljarvi L, Alafuzoff I, Vapalahti M. Five-year outcome of normal pressure hydrocephalus with or without a shunt: predictive value of the clinical signs, neuropsychological evaluation and infusion test. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2002; 144: 515–523, discussion 523
- Klinge P, Marmarou A, Bergsneider M, Relkin N, Black P M. Outcome of shunting in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus and the value of outcome assessment in shunted patients. Neurosurgery 2005; 57: S40–S52, discussion ii – v
- Wikkelso C, Andersson H, Blomstrand C, Lindqvist G, Svendsen P. Normal pressure hydrocephalus. Predictive value of the cerebrospinal fluid tap-test. Acta Neurol Scand 1986; 73: 566–573
- Larsson A, Aevarsson O, Skoog I, et al. Regional cerebral blood flow in three groups of normal volunteers aged 40, 75 and 88 years studied by [99mTc]-d,l-HMPAO SPECT. Nucl Med Commun 2001; 22(7)741–746
- Larsson A, Arlig A, Bergh A C, et al. Quantitative SPECT cisternography in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurol Scand 1994; 90: 190–196
- Blomsterwall E, Bilting M, Stephensen H, Wikkelso C. Gait abnormality is not the only motor disturbance in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Scand J Rehabil Med 1995; 27: 205–209
- Tullberg M, Mansson J E, Fredman P, et al. CSF sulfatide distinguishes between normal pressure hydrocephalus and subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 2000; 69: 74–81
- Folstein M F, Folstein S E, McHugh P R. ‘Mini-mental state’. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975; 12: 189–198
- Lindqvist G, Andersson H, Bilting M, Blomstrand C, Malmgren H, Wikkelso C. Normal pressure hydrocephalus: psychiatric findings before and after shunt operation classified in a new diagnostic system for organic psychiatry. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1993; 373: 18–32
- Wikkelso C, Andersson H, Lindberg S, Blomstrand C. ‘Shuntography’—a radionuclide scanning method for evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid shunt patency. Nucl Med Commun 1983; 4: 88–93
- Lindholm L H, Anderson H, Ekbom T, et al. Relation between drug treatment and cancer in hypertensives in the Swedish trial in old patients with hypertension 2: a 5-year, prospective, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet 2001; 358: 539–544
- Koto A, Rosenburg G, Zingesser L H, Horoupian D, Katzman R. Syndrome of normal pressure hydrocephalus: possible relation to hypertensive and arteriosclerotic vasculopathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1977; 40: 73–79
- Krauss J K, Regel J P, Vach W, Droste D W, Borremans J J, Mergner T. Vascular risk factors and arteriosclerotic disease in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus of the elderly. Stroke 1996; 27: 24–29
- Tullberg M, Hultin L, Ekholm S, Mansson J E, Fredman P, Wikkelso C. White matter changes in normal pressure hydrocephalus and Binswanger disease: specificity, predictive value and correlations to axonal degeneration and demyelination. Acta Neurol Scand 2002; 105: 417–426
- Tullberg M, Jensen C, Ekholm S, Wikkelso C. Normal pressure hydrocephalus: vascular white matter changes on MR images must not exclude patients from shunt surgery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2001; 22: 1665–1673