References
- Pritchett JW, Bortel DT. Degenerative symptomatic lumbar scoliosis. Spine 1993;18:700–3.
- Tribus CB. Degenerative lumbar scoliosis: evaluation and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2003;11:174–83.
- Hong JY, Suh SW, Modi HN, Hur CY, Song HR, Park JH. The prevalence and radiological findings in 1347 elderly patients with scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2010;92:980–3.
- Xu L, Sun X, Huang S, et al. Degenerative lumbar scoliosis in Chinese Han population: prevalence and relationship to age, gender, bone mineral density, and body mass index. Eur Spine J 2013;22:1326–31.
- Lee JS, Suh KT, Eun IS. Polymorphism in interleukin-6 gene is associated with bone mineral density in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2010;92:1118–22.
- Machida M, Dubousset J, Imamura Y, Iwaya T, Yamada T, Kimura J. Role of melatonin deficiency in the development of scoliosis in pinealectomised chickens. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1995;7:134–8.
- Ogilvie JW, Braun J, Argyle V, Nelson L, Meade M, Ward K. The search for idiopathic scoliosis genes. Spine 2006;31:679–81.
- Robin GC, Cohen T. Familial scoliosis. A clinical report. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1975;57:146–8.
- Suh KT, Lee SS, Kim SK, Kim YK, Lee JS. Pineal gland metabolism in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2007;89:66–71.
- Rosner IA, Goldberg VM, Moskowitz RW. Estrogens and osteoarthritis. Clin Orthop Relat Res1986;213:77–83.
- Tsai CL, Liu TK. Estradiol-induced knee osteoarthrosis in ovariectomized rabbits. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1993;291:295–302.
- Ha KY, Chang CH, Kim KW, Kim YS, Na KH, Lee JS. Expression of estrogen receptor of the facet joints in degenerative spondylolisthesis. Spine 2005;30:562–6.
- Kusec V, Virdi AS, Prince R, Triffitt JT. Localization of estrogen receptor-alpha in human and rabbit skeletal tissues. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:2421–8.
- Vanderpool DW, James JI, Wynne-Davies R. Scoliosis in the elderly. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1969;51:446–55.
- Bridwell KH, Betz R, Capelli AM, Huss G, Harvey C. Sagittal plane analysis in idiopathic scoliosis patients treated with Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation. Spine 1990;15:644–9.
- Felson DT, Nevitt MC. The effects of estrogen on osteoarthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 1998;10:269–72.
- Spector TD, Perry LA, Jubb RW. Endogenous sex steroid levels in women with generalised osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol 1991;10:316–9.
- Tsai CL, Liu TK. Up-regulation of estrogen receptors in rabbit osteoarthritic cartilage. Life Sci 1992;50:1727–35.
- Poliak A, Jones GE, Woodruff JD. The effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on castrated postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1971;109:555–7.
- Lindberg MK, Alatalo SL, Halleen JM, Mohan S, Gustafsson JA, Ohlsson C. Estrogen receptor specificity in the regulation of the skeleton in female mice. J Endocrinol 2001;171:229–36.
- Vidal O, Lindberg MK, Hollberg K, et al. Estrogen receptor specificity in the regulation of skeletal growth and maturation in male mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U. S. A. 2000;97:5474–9.
- Fytili P, Giannatou E, Papanikolaou V, et al. Association of repeat polymorphisms in the estrogen receptors alpha, beta, and androgen receptor genes with knee osteoarthritis. Clin Genet 2005;68:268–77.
- Loughlin J, Sinsheimer JS, Mustafa Z, et al. Association analysis of the vitamin D receptor gene, the type I collagen gene COL1A1, and the estrogen receptor gene in idiopathic osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 2000;27:779–84.
- Bergink AP, van Meurs JB, Loughlin J, et al. Estrogen receptor alpha gene haplotype is associated with radiographic osteoarthritis of the knee in elderly men and women. Arthritis Rheum 2003;48:1913–22.
- Jin SY, Hong SJ, Yang HI, et al. Estrogen receptor-alpha gene haplotype is associated with primary knee osteoarthritis in Korean population. Arthritis Res Ther 2004;6:R415–21.
- Ushiyama T, Ueyama H, Inoue K, et al. Estrogen receptor gene polymorphism and generalized osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 1998;25:134–7.
- Ushiyama T, Ueyama H, Inoue K, Nishioka J, Ohkubo I, Hukuda S. Expression of genes for estrogen receptors alpha and beta in human articular chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1999;7:560–6.
- Lian K, Lui L, Zmuda JM, et al. Estrogen receptor alpha genotype is associated with a reduced prevalence of radiographic hip osteoarthritis in elderly Caucasian women. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2007;15:972–8.