42
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Ethical issues in the history of prophylactic antibiotic use in neurosurgery

Pages 306-311 | Published online: 06 Jul 2009

  • Savitz MH. The use of prophylactic antibiotics in neurosurgery. In: Morley TP, ed., Current Controversies in Neurosurgery. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1976.
  • Sherif MAE Liberation of formaldehyde in aqueous humour of eye after administration of hexamine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1930;38:23 1-9.
  • Savitz MH, Malis LI, Meyers BR. Prophylactic antibiotics in neurosurgery. Surg Neurol 1974;2:95-100.
  • Weinstein L. The chemoprophylaxis of Infection. Ann Int Med 1955;43:287-98.
  • McKittrick LS, Wheelock FC. The routine use of antibiotics in elective abdominal surgery. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1954;99:376-7.
  • Fetter MS, Feetham SL, D'Apolito, et al. Randomized clinical trials: Issues for researchers. Nurs Res 1989; 38:117-20.
  • Norrby R. Quality of antibiotic clinical trials. J Antimicrob Chemother 1984;14: 205-8.
  • Beauchamp TL, Childress JE Principles of Biomedical Ethics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994:441-51.
  • Ruse M. At What level of statistical certainty ought a random clinical trial to be interrupted? In Spicker SF et al., eds, The Use of Human Beings in Research. Boston, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988:189-222.
  • Savitz MH, Malis LI. Prophylactic clindamycin for neurosurgical patients. NY State J Med 1976;76: 64-7.
  • Shapiro M, Wald U, Simchen E, et al. Randomized clinical trial of inta-operative antimicrobial prophylaxis of infection after neurosurgical procedures. J Hosp Infect 1986;8:283-95.
  • Bullock R, Van Dellen JR, Ketelbey W, et al. A doubleblind placebo-controlled trial of perioperative antibiotics for elective neurosurgery. J Neurosurg 1988;69:687-91.
  • Djinjan M, Lepresle E, Horns JB. Antibiotic prophylaxis during prolonged clean neurosurgery. Results of a randomized double-blind study using oxacillin. J Neurosurg 1990;73:383-6.
  • Geraghty J, Feeley M. Antibiotic prophylaxis in neurosurgery. A randomized controlled trial. J Neurosurg 1984;60:724-6.
  • van Ek, Dijkmans BAC, van Dulken H, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis in craniotomy: a prospective double-blind placebo controlled study. Scand J Infect Dis 1988;20: 633-9.
  • Young RF, Lawner PM. Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of postoperative neurosurgical infections. A randomized clinical trial. J Neurosurg 1987; 66:701-5.
  • Blomstedt GC, Kytta J. Results of a randomized trial of vancomycin prophylaxis in craniotomy. J Neurosurg 1988;69:216-20.
  • Gaillard T Gilsbach JM. Intra-operative antibiotic prophylaxis in neurosurgery. A prospective, randomized, controlled study on cefotiam. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1991;113: 103-9.
  • Evans M, Pollock AV. Trials on trial. A review of trials of antibiotic prophylaxis. Arch Surg 1984; 119:109-13.
  • Foster C. Ethics of clinical research without patients' consent. BMJ 1996;312:817 (commentary).
  • Armitage P. The role of randomization in clinical trials. Stat Med 1982; 1:345-52.
  • Levine RJ. Ethics and Regulation of Clinical Controls 2nd edn. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988:87-189.
  • Savitz MH, Malis LI. Prophylactic parenteral antibiotics in neurosurgery. J Neurosurg 1989;70:150 (letter).
  • Savitz MH, Malis LI. Prophylactic antibiotics. J Neurosurg 1991 ;75:171-2 (letter).
  • Malis LI. Prevention of neurosurgical infection by intraoperative antibiotics. Neurosurgery 1979;5:339-43.
  • Savitz MH, Katz SS. Prevention of primary would infection in neurosurgical patients: a 10-year study. Neurosurgery 1986; 18:685-8.
  • Freedman B. Equipoise and the ethics of clinical research. N Engl J Med 1987;317:141-5.
  • Rosner E The ethics of randomized clinical trials. Am J Med 1987;82:283-90.
  • Finland M. Emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. N Engl J Med 1955;253: 909-22.
  • Weinstein L. Superinfection: a complication of antimicrobial therapy and prophylaxis. Am J Surg 1964; 107:704-9.
  • Price DJE, Sleigh JD. Control of infection due to Klebsiella aerogenes in a neurosurgical unit by withdrawal of all antibiotics. Lancet 1970;ii: 1213-15.
  • Savitz SI. Leonard I. Malis and prophylactic antibiotics. Mt Sinai J Med 1997;64: 187-8.
  • Savitz SI, Lee LV, Goldstein HB, et al. Investigations of the bacteriologic factors in cervical disk surgery. Mt Sinai J Med 1994;61:272-5.
  • Savitz MH, Katz SS. Rationale for prophylactic antibiotics in neurosurgery, Neurosurgery 1981 ;9:142-4.
  • Haines SJ. Prophylactic antibiotics. In: Wilkins RH, Rengachary SS, eds, Neurosurgery. New York: McGraw Hill, 1985:448-52.
  • Beauchamp TL, Childress JF. Principles of Biomedical Ethics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994:296.
  • Slovic P. Perception of risk. Science 1987;236:280-5.
  • Beauchamp TL, Childress JF. Principles of Biomedical Ethics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994:300.
  • Beauchamp TL, Childress JF. Principles of Biomedical Ethics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994:364.
  • Quadery LA, Medlery AV, Miles J. Factors affecting the incidence of wound infection in neurosurgery. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1977;39:133-41.
  • Bean WB. Excerpts from Osler. A mosaic of bedside aphorisms and writings. Arch Intern Med 1949;84:72-6.
  • Cushing H. Concerning the results of operations for brain tumors. JAMA 1915;64: 189-95.
  • Cushing H. Experiences with the cerebellar astrocytomas: a critical review of 76 cases. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1931 ;52:129-204.
  • Cushing H, Eisenhardt L. Meningiomas, Their Classification Regional Behavior, Life History, and Surgical End Results. Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, 1938.
  • Wright RL. Postoperative Craniotomy Infections. Springfield: Charles C Thomas, 1966.
  • Wright RL. Septic Complications of Neurosurgical Spinal Procedures. Springfield: Charles C Thomas, 1970.
  • Tenney JH, Vlahov D, Salcman M, et al. Wide variation in risk of wound infection following clean neurosurgery. J Neurosurg 1985;62:243-7.
  • Berney J. Preventive antibiotic therapy in neurosurgery. Helv Chir Acta 1978;45: 487-95.
  • Santilli F, Narciso N, Bifano D, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis in elective neurosurgery. Epidemiological study. Minerva Chir 1994;49:829-36.
  • Barker FG. Efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics for craniotomy: a meta-analysis. Neurosurgery 1994;35:484-92.
  • Haines SJ, Walters BC. Antibiotic prophylaxis for cerebrospinal fluid shunts: a meta-analysis. Neurosurgery 1994;34:87-92.
  • Savitz MH, Malis LI. Meta-analysis of antibiotic prophylaxis. Neurosurgery 1995; 36:1057 (Letter).
  • Baigent C. The need for large-scale randomized evidence. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1997; 43:349-53.
  • Cappelleri JC, lonnidis JPA, Schmid CH, et al. Large trials vs. meta-analysis of smaller trials: How do their results compare? JAMA 1996;276:1332-8.
  • Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, et al. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ 1997;315:629-34.
  • LeLorier J, Gregoire G, Benhaddad A, et al. Discrepancies between meta-analyses and subsequent large randomised controlled trials. N Eng J Med 1997;337: 535-42.
  • Rothwell PM, Robertson G. Meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. Lancet 1997; 350:1181-2.
  • Sacks HS, Reitman D, Pagano D, et al. Meta-analysis: an update. Mt Sinai J Med 1996; 63:216-24.
  • Villar J, Carroli G, Belizan JM. Predictive ability of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. Lancet 1995;345:772-6.
  • Beauchamp TL, Childress JF. Principles of Biomedical Ethics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994: 44-55.
  • Lantos J. Ethical issues. How can we distinguish clinical research from innovative therapy? Am J Pediat Hematol Onco 1994;16:72-5.
  • Moser M. Randomized clinical trials: problems and values. Am J Emerg Med 1986; 4:173-8.
  • Savitz SI, Bottone EJ, Savitz MH, et al. Investigations of the bacteriological factors in clean neurosurgical wounds. Neurosurgery 1994;34:417-21.
  • Savitz SI, Lee LV, Goldstein HB. The risk of wound infection in lumbar disk surgery. Mt Sinai J Med 1991;58:179-82.
  • Savitz SI, Lee LV, Goldstein HB. Investigations of the microbiology of spinal and cranial surgery. J Neurol Orthop Med Surg 1991; 12:185-8.
  • Savitz SI, Savitz MH, Goldstein HB, et al. Topical irrigation with polymixin and bacitracin for spinal surgery. Surg Neurol 1998;50:208-12.
  • Korinek A-M. Risk factors for neurosurgical site infections after craniotomy: a prospective multicenter study of 2944 patients. Neurosurgery 1997;41:1073-81.
  • Capron AM. Human experimentation. In: Veatch RM, ed. Medical Ethics. Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 1989;100-12.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.