- Mc MlLLAN, T. M.: Post-traumatic stress disorder following minor and severe closed head injury: 10 single cases. Brain Injury, 10: 749-775, 1996.
- KING, N. S.: Post-traumatic stress disorder and head injury as a dual diagnosis: 'islands' of memory as a mechanism. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 62: 82-84, 1997.
- SBORDONE, R. J. and LITER, J. C.: Mild traumatic brain injury does not produce post-traumatic stress disorder. Brain Injury, 9: 405-412, 1995.
- HORTON, A. M.: Post-traumatic stress disorder and mild head trauma: follow up of a case study. Perceptual and Motor Sulk, 76: 243-246, 1993.
- LAYTON, B. S. and WARDI-ZONIA, K.: Post-traumatic stress disorder with neurogenic amnesia for the traumatic event. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 9: 2-10, 1995.
- Mc MlLLAN, T. M.: Post-traumatic stress disorder and severe head injury. British Journal of Psychiatry, 159: 431-433, 1991.
- McGRATH1J.: Cognitive impairment associated with post-traumatic stress disorder and minor head injury: a case report. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 7: 231-239, 1997.
- MILNER, B.: Effects of different brain lesions on card sorting. Archives of Neurology, 9: 90-100, 1963.
- HOTZ, G. and HELM-ESTABROOKS, N.: Perseveration. Part 1; a review. Brain Injury, 9: 151-159, 1995.
- MOUNTAIN, M. and SNOW, W.: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test as a measure of frontal lobe pathology: a review. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 7: 108-118, 1993.
- ROKEACH, M.: Generalised mental rigidity as a factor of ethnocentrism. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 43: 259-278, 1948.
- HOTZ, G. and HELM-ESTABROOKS, N.: Perseveration. Part 2; a study of perseveration in closed head injury. Brain Injury, 9: 160-172, 1995.
- FREEMAN,T. and GATHERCOLE, C. E.: Perseveration-the clinical symptoms in chronic schizo-phrenia and dementia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 112: 27-32, 1966.
- SANDSON, J. and ALBERT, M. L.: Varieties of perseveration. Neuropsychohgia, 22: 715-732, 1984.
- HUDSON,J.: Perseveration. Brain, 91: 571-582, 1968.
- GRANT, D. A. and BERG, E. A.: A behavioural analysis of degree of reinforcement and ease of shifting to new responses in Weigl-type card sorting problem. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38: 404-414, 1948.
- WALSH, K. W.: Neuropsychology: a clinical approach (New York. Churchill/Livingstone Longman), pp. 109-152, 1978.
- ROTH, A. and FONAGY, P.: What works for whom? A critical review of psychotherapy research (New York. Guilford Press), pp. 168-169, 1996.
- VAN ETTEN, M. L. and TAYLOR, S.: Comparative efficacy of treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder; a meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 5: 126-144, 1998.
- MARKS, I., LOVELL, K., NOSHIRVANL H. et al.: Treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder by exposure and/or cognitive restructuring. A controlled study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55: 317-325, 1998.
- EHLERS, A. and CLARK, D. M.: A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38: 319-345, 2000.
- FOA, E. B., ROTHBAUM, B. O., RIGGS, D. S. et al.: Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in rape victims: a comparison between cognitive behavioural procedures and counselling. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59: 715-723, 1991.
- RICHARDS, D. A. and ROSE, J. R.: Exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 158: 836-840, 1991.
- KEANE, T. M., FAIRBANK, J. A., CADDELL, J. M. et al.: Implosive flooding therapy reduces symptoms of PTSD in Vietnam combat veterans. Behaviour Therapy, 20: 245-260, 1989.
- THOMPSON, J. A., CHARLTON, P. F. C., KERRY, R. et al: An open trial of exposure therapy based on deconditioning for post-traumatic stress disorder. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 34: 407-416, 1995.
- MACLEOD, A.D.: Posttraumatic stress disorder, dissociative fugue and a locator beacon. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 33: 102-104, 1999.
- HOROWITZ, M.J., WILNER, N. and ALVAREZ, W.: Impact of event scale: a measure of subjective stress. Psychosomatic Medicine, 41: 209-218, 1979.
- BECK, A. T., EPSTEIN, N., BROWN, G. et al: An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56: 893-897, 1988.
- SALKOVSKIS, P. and KlRK, J.: Obsessional disorders. In: K. Hawton, P. M. Salkovskis, J. Kirk et al. (editors) Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Psychiatric Problems: A Practical Guide (Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications, Oxford University Press), pp. 129-168, 1989.
- KENNERLEY, H.: Cognitive therapy of dissociative symptoms associated with trauma. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35: 325-340, 1996.
- CLARK, D. M.: Anxiety states. In: K. Hawton, P. M. Salkovskis, J. Kirk et al. (editors) Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Psychiatric Problems: A Practical Guide (Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications, Oxford University Press), pp. 52-96, 1989.
Perseveration of traumatic re-experiencing in PTSD; a cautionary note regarding exposure based psychological treatments for PTSD when head injury and dysexecutive impairment are also present
Reprints and Corporate Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:
Academic Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:
If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.