Mentally disordered offenders with a history of previous head injury: are they more difficult to discharge?

References

• MILLER, E.: Head injury and offending. Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 10: 157–166, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• ROSENTHAL, M. and BOND, M. R.: Behavioural and psychiatric sequelae. In: M. Rosenthal, E. R. Griffith, M. R. Bond et al. (editors) Rehabilitation of the Adult and Child With Traumatic Brain Injury, 2nd edn (Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company), pp. 179–192, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• MCKINLAY, W. W., BROOKS, D. N., BOND, M. R. et al.: The short-term outcome of severe blunt head injury as reported by relatives of the injured persons. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 44: 527–533, 1981.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TATE, R. L., LULHAM, J. M., BROE, G. A. et al.: Psychosocial outcome for the survivors of severe blunt head injury: the results from a consecutive series of 100 patients. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 52: 1128–1134, 1981.
   Google Scholar
• HAWLEY, C. A.: Return to driving after head injury. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 70: 761–766, 2001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HALL, K. M., KARZMARK, P., STEVENS, M. et al.: Family stressors in traumatic brain injury: a two-year follow-up. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 75: 876–884, 1994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BROOKS, N., CAMPSIE, L., SYMINGTON, C. et al.: The five-year outcome of severe blunt head injury: a relative's view. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 49: 764–770, 1986.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KREUTZER, J. S., MARWITZ, J. H. and WITOL, A. D.: Interrelationships between crime, substance abuse, and aggressive behaviours among persons with traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 9: 757–768, 1995.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KREUTZER, J. S., WEHMAN, P. H., HARRIS, J. A. et al.: Substance abuse and crime patterns among persons with traumatic brain injury referred for supported employment. Brain Injury, 5: 177–187, 1991.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GIBBENS, T. C. N., POND, D. A. and STAFFORD-CLARK, D.: A follow-up study of criminal psychopaths. Journal of Mental Science, 105: 108–115, 1959.
   Google Scholar
• LEWIS, D. O., PINCUS, J. H., FELDMAN, M. et al.: Psychiatric, neurological, and psychoeducational characteristics of 15 death row inmates in the United States. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143: 584–589, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• LEWIS, D. O., PINCUS, J. H., BARD, B. et al.: Neuropsychiatric, psychoeducational, and family characteristics of 14 juveniles condemned to death in the United States. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145: 584–589, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• HOME OFFICE AND DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL SERVICES: Report of the Committee on Mentally Abnormal Offenders (Butler Report), Cmnd 6244 (London: HMSO), 1975.
   Google Scholar
• MADEN, A., SCOTT, F., BURNETT, R. et al.: Pathways out of Medium Security: The Report of a Quantitative Study Commissioned by the Department of Health. Report to the Department of Health (London Institute of Psychiatry), 2001.
   Google Scholar
• BACH-Y-RITA, G. and VENO, A.: Habitual violence: a profile of 62 men. American Journal of Psychiatry, 131: 1015–1017, 1974.
   Google Scholar
• AHMED, I. I. and Fuji', D.: Post-traumatic psychosis. Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 3: 23–33, 1998.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SILVER, J. M., KRAMER, R., GREENWALD, S. et al.: The association between head injuries and psychiatric disorders: findings from the New Haven NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. Brain Injury, 15: 935–945, 2001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCALLISTER, T. W.: Traumatic brain injury and psychosis: what is the connection? Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 3: 211–223, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• SACHDEV, P., SMITH, J. S. and CATHCART, S.: Schizophrenia-like psychosis following traumatic brain injury: a chart-based descriptive and case-control study. Psychological Medicine, 31: 231–239, 2001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MALASPINA, D., GOETZ, R. R., FRIEDMAN, J. H. et al.: Traumatic brain injury and schizophrenia in members of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder pedigrees. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158: 440–446, 2001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MILLER, J. D. andJoNEs, P. A.: Minor head injury. In: M. Rosenthal, E. R. Griffith, M. R. Bond et al. (editors) Rehabilitation of the Adult and Child With Traumatic Brain Injury, 2nd edn (Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company), pp. 236–250, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• CICERONE, K. D., SMITH, L. C., ELLmo, W. et al.: Neuropsychological rehabilitation of mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury, 10: 277–286, 1996.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BROOKS, N., CAMPSIE, L., SYMINGTON, C. et al.: The effects of severe head injury on patient and relative within seven years of injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 2: 1–13, 1987.
   Google Scholar
• HAWLEY, C., STILWELL, J., STILWELL, P. et al.: The National Traumatic Brain Injury Study: Themes, Case Studies, and Key Messages (Coventry: Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Warwick), 1998.
   Google Scholar
• MATTHEWS, H.: Case study: head injury. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 3: 154–159, 1997.
   Google Scholar