Relationship between intelligence quotient (IQ) and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen in patients with neurobehavioural disability after traumatic brain injury

References

• Shiga T, Ikoma K, Katoh C, Isoyama H, Matsuyama T, Kuge Y, Kageyama H, Kohno T, Terae S, Tamaki N. Loss of neuronal integrity: a cause of hypometabolism in patients with traumatic brain injury without MRI abnormality in the chronic stage. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2006;33:817–22. doi:10.1007/s00259-005-0033-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanji J, Hoshi E. Role of the lateral prefrontal cortex in executive behavioral control. Physiol Rev. 2008;88:37–57. doi:10.1152/physrev.00014.2007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan J, Seitz RJ, Kolodny J, Bor D, Herzog H, Ahmed A, Newell FN, Emslie H. A neural basis for general intelligence. Science. 2000;289:457–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray JR, Chabris CF, Braver TS. Neural mechanisms of general fluid intelligence. Nat Neurosci. 2003;6:316–22. doi:10.1038/nn1014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Veluw SJ, Sawyer EK, Clover L, Cousijn H, De Jager C, Esiri MM, Chance SA. Prefrontal cortex cytoarchitecture in normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease: a relationship with IQ. Brain Struct Funct. 2012;217:797–808. doi:10.1007/s00429-012-0381-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skranes J, Lohaugen GC, Martinussen M, Haberg A, Brubakk AM, Dale AM. Cortical surface area and IQ in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) young adults. Cortex. 2013;49:2264–71. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2013.06.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larrabee GJ. Another look at VIQ-PIQ scores and unilateral brain damage. Int J Neurosci. 1986;29:141–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iverson GL, Mendrek A, Adams RL. The persistent belief that VIQ-PIQ splits suggest lateralized brain damage. Appl Neuropsychol. 2004;11:85–90. doi:10.1207/s15324826an1102_3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matarazzo JD, Herman DO. Base rate data for the WAIS-R: test-retest stability and VIQ-PIQ differences. J Clin Neuropsychol. 1984;6:351–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuroda S, Shiga T, Ishikawa T, Houkin K, Narita T, Katoh C, Tamaki N, Iwasaki Y. Reduced blood flow and preserved vasoreactivity characterize oxygen hypometabolism due to incomplete infarction in occlusive carotid artery diseases. J Nucl Med. 2004;45:943–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruff RM, Crouch JA, Troster AI, Marshall LF, Buchsbaum MS, Lottenberg S, Somers LM. Selected cases of poor outcome following a minor brain trauma: comparing neuropsychological and positron emission tomography assessment. Brain Inj. 1994;8:297–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Umile EM, Sandel ME, Alavi A, Terry CM, Plotkin RC. Dynamic imaging in mild traumatic brain injury: support for the theory of medial temporal vulnerability. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83:1506–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakayama N, Okumura A, Shinoda J, Nakashima T, Iwama T. Relationship between regional cerebral metabolism and consciousness disturbance in traumatic diffuse brain injury without large focal lesions: an FDG-PET study with statistical parametric mapping analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2006;77:856–62. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2005.080523.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato T, Nakayama N, Yasokawa Y, Okumura A, Shinoda J, Iwama T. Statistical image analysis of cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with cognitive impairment following diffuse traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2007;24:919–26. doi:10.1089/neu.2006.0203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Provenzano FA, Jordan B, Tikofsky RS, Saxena C, van Heertum RL, Ichise M. F-18 FDG PET imaging of chronic traumatic brain injury in boxers: a statistical parametric analysis. Nucl Med Commun. 2010;31:952–57. doi:10.1097/MNM.0b013e32833e37c4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peskind ER, Petrie EC, Cross DJ, Pagulayan K, McCraw K, Hoff D, Hart K, Yu CE, Raskind MA. Cook DG and others. Cerebrocerebellar hypometabolism associated with repetitive blast exposure mild traumatic brain injury in 12 Iraq war Veterans with persistent post-concussive symptoms. Neuroimage. 2011;54(Suppl 1):S76–82. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.04.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Humayun MS, Presty SK, Lafrance ND, Holcomb HH, Loats H, Long DM, Wagner HN, Gordon B. Local cerebral glucose abnormalities in mild closed head injured patients with cognitive impairments. Nucl Med Commun. 1989;10:335–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross H, Kling A, Henry G, Herndon C, Lavretsky H. Local cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with long-term behavioral and cognitive deficits following mild traumatic brain injury. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1996;8:324–34. doi:10.1176/jnp.8.3.324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang J, Mitsis EM, Chu K, Newmark RE, Hazlett EA, Buchsbaum MS. Statistical parametric mapping and cluster counting analysis of [18F] FDG-PET imaging in traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2010;27:35–49. doi:10.1089/neu.2009.1049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munoz-Cespedes JM, Rios-Lago M, Paul N, Maestu F. Functional neuroimaging studies of cognitive recovery after acquired brain damage in adults. Neuropsychol Rev. 2005;15:169–83. doi:10.1007/s11065-005-9178-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berlucchi G. Brain plasticity and cognitive neurorehabilitation. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2011;21:560–78. doi:10.1080/09602011.2011.573255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li N, Yang Y, Glover DP, Zhang J, Saraswati M, Robertson C, Pelled G. Evidence for impaired plasticity after traumatic brain injury in the developing brain. J Neurotrauma. 2014;31:395–403. doi:10.1089/neu.2013.3059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt RF, Scheff SW, Smith BN. Posttraumatic epilepsy after controlled cortical impact injury in mice. Exp Neurol. 2009;215:243–52. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.10.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raichle ME, MacLeod AM, Snyder AZ, Powers WJ, Gusnard DA, Shulman GL. A default mode of brain function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001;98:676–82. doi:10.1073/pnas.98.2.676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine B, Cabeza R, McIntosh AR, Black SE, Grady CL, Stuss DT. Functional reorganisation of memory after traumatic brain injury: a study with H(2)(15)0 positron emission tomography. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002;73:173–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAllister TW, Saykin AJ, Flashman LA, Sparling MB, Johnson SC, Guerin SJ, Mamourian AC, Weaver JB, Yanofsky N. Brain activation during working memory 1 month after mild traumatic brain injury: a functional MRI study. Neurology. 1999;53:1300–08.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perlstein WM, Cole MA, Demery JA, Seignourel PJ, Dixit NK, Larson MJ, Briggs RW. Parametric manipulation of working memory load in traumatic brain injury: behavioral and neural correlates. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2004;10:724–41. doi:10.1017/S1355617704105110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmussen IA, Xu J, Antonsen IK, Brunner J, Skandsen T, Axelson DE, Berntsen EM, Lydersen S, Haberg A. Simple dual tasking recruits prefrontal cortices in chronic severe traumatic brain injury patients, but not in controls. J Neurotrauma. 2008;25:1057–70. doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner GR, Levine B. Augmented neural activity during executive control processing following diffuse axonal injury. Neurology. 2008;71:812–18. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000325640.18235.1c.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim YH, Yoo WK, Ko MH, Park CH, Kim ST, Na DL. Plasticity of the attentional network after brain injury and cognitive rehabilitation. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2009;23:468–77. doi:10.1177/1545968308328728.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasahara M, Menon DK, Salmond CH, Outtrim JG, Tavares JV, Carpenter TA, Pickard JD, Sahakian BJ, Stamatakis EA. Traumatic brain injury alters the functional brain network mediating working memory. Brain Inj. 2011;25:1170–87. doi:10.3109/02699052.2011.608210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buckner RL, Vincent JL. Unrest at rest: default activity and spontaneous network correlations. Neuroimage. 2007;37:1091–96. discussion 1097-9. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.01.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharp DJ, Beckmann CF, Greenwood R, Kinnunen KM, Bonnelle V, De Boissezon X, Powell JH, Counsell SJ, Patel MC, Leech R. Default mode network functional and structural connectivity after traumatic brain injury. Brain. 2011;134:2233–47. doi:10.1093/brain/awr175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayer AR, Mannell MV, Ling J, Gasparovic C, Yeo RA. Functional connectivity in mild traumatic brain injury. Hum Brain Mapp. 2011;32:1825–35. doi:10.1002/hbm.21151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Y, Milham MP, Lui YW, Miles L, Reaume J, Sodickson DK, Grossman RI, Ge Y. Default-mode network disruption in mild traumatic brain injury. Radiology. 2012;265:882–92. doi:10.1148/radiol.12120748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sours C, Zhuo J, Janowich J, Aarabi B, Shanmuganathan K, Gullapalli RP. Default mode network interference in mild traumatic brain injury - a pilot resting state study. Brain Res. 2013;1537:201–15. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.08.034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatesan UM, Dennis NA, Hillary FG. Chronology and chronicity of altered resting-state functional connectivity after traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2015;32:252–64. doi:10.1089/neu.2013.3318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grodzinsky Y, Santi A. The battle for Broca’s region. Trends Cogn Sci. 2008;12:474–80. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2008.09.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller SS, Crow T, Foundas A, Amunts K, Roberts N. Broca’s area: nomenclature, anatomy, typology and asymmetry. Brain Lang. 2009;109:29–48. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2008.11.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fink GR, Manjaly ZM, Stephan KE, Gurd JM, Zilles K, Amunts K, Marshall JC. A role for Broca’s area beyond language processing: evidence from neuropsychology and fMRI. New York: Oxford University Press. 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Ranganath C, Johnson MK, D’Esposito M. Prefrontal activity associated with working memory and episodic long-term memory. Neuropsychologia. 2003;41:378–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fletcher PC, Henson RN. Frontal lobes and human memory: insights from functional neuroimaging. Brain. 2001;124:849–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koechlin E, Ody C, Kouneiher F. The architecture of cognitive control in the human prefrontal cortex. Science. 2003;302:1181–85. doi:10.1126/science.1088545.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minamoto T, Yaoi K, Osaka M, Osaka N. The rostral prefrontal cortex underlies individual differences in working memory capacity: an approach from the hierarchical model of the cognitive control. Cortex. 2015;71:277–90. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2015.07.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugiura L, Ojima S, Matsuba-Kurita H, Dan I, Tsuzuki D, Katura T, Hagiwara H. Sound to language: different cortical processing for first and second languages in elementary school children as revealed by a large-scale study using fNIRS. Cereb Cortex. 2011;21:2374–93. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhr023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pugh KR, Offywitz BA, Shaywitz SE, Fulbright RK, Byrd D, Skudlarski P, Shankweiler DP, Katz L, Constable RT, Fletcher J; others. Auditory selective attention: an fMRI investigation. Neuroimage. 1996;4:159–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Celsis P, Boulanouar K, Doyon B, Ranjeva JP, Berry I, Nespoulous JL, Chollet F. Differential fMRI responses in the left posterior superior temporal gyrus and left supramarginal gyrus to habituation and change detection in syllables and tones. Neuroimage. 1999;9:135–44. doi:10.1006/nimg.1998.0389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun X, Zhang X, Chen X, Zhang P, Bao M, Zhang D, Chen J, He S, Hu X. Age-dependent brain activation during forward and backward digit recall revealed by fMRI. Neuroimage. 2005;26:36–47. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.01.022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krieger-Redwood K, Teige C, Davey J, Hymers M, Jefferies E. Conceptual control across modalities: graded specialisation for pictures and words in inferior frontal and posterior temporal cortex. Neuropsychologia. 2015;76:92–107. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.02.030.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falzi G, Perrone P, Vignolo LA. Right-left asymmetry in anterior speech region. Arch Neurol. 1982;39:239–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amunts K, Schleicher A, Burgel U, Mohlberg H, Uylings HB, Zilles K. Broca’s region revisited: cytoarchitecture and intersubject variability. J Comp Neurol. 1999;412:319–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hori Y, Moriguchi T, Koshino K, Kudomi N, Morita N, Toyoda K, Iihara K, Nakagawara J, Iida H. Validation of an integrated, ultra-rapid 15O-PET system for quantitative assessment of CMRO2, CBF and OEF. J Nucl Med. 2013;54:207.
   Google Scholar