Early start of thromboprophylaxis does not increase risk of intracranial hematoma progression in multiply injured patients with traumatic brain injury

References

• Reiff DA, Haricharan RN, Bullington NM, Griffin RL, McGwin G, and Rue LW. Traumatic brain injury is associated with the development of deep vein thrombosis independent of pharmacological prophylaxis. J Trauma. 2009;66:1436–40.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meer MH, Chandler WL, Elliott JS. Venous thromboembolism in trauma: a local manifestation of systemic hypercoagulability? J Trauma. 2003;54:224–31. doi:10.1097/01.TA.0000046253.33495.70.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Knudson MM, Ikossi DG, Khaw L, Morabito D, and Speetzen LS. Thromboembolism after trauma: an analysis of 1602 episodes from the American College of Surgeons National Trauma Data Bank. Ann Surg. 2004;240:490–96. discussion 496–8. doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000137138.40116.6c.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geerts WH, Code KI, Jay RM, Chen E, and Szalai JP. A prospective study of venous thromboembolism after major trauma. N Engl J Med. 1994;331(24):1601–06. doi:10.1056/NEJM199412153312401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Datta I, Ball CG, Rudmik L, Hameed SM, and Kortbeek JB. Complications related to deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis in trauma: a systematic review of the literature. J Trauma Manag Outcomes. 2010;4:1–11.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Latronico N, Berardino M. Thromboembolic prophylaxis in head trauma and multiple-trauma patients. Minerva Anestesiol. 2008;74:543–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yumoto T, Naito H, Yamakawa Y, Iida A, Tsukahara K, and Nakao A. Venous thromboembolism in major trauma patients: a single-center retrospective cohort study of the epidemiology and utility of D-dimer for screening. Acute Med Surg. 2017;4:394–400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dudley RR, Aziz I, Bonnici A, Saluja RS, Lamoureux J, Kalmovitch B, Gursahaney A, Razek T, Maleki M, Marcoux J, et al. Early venous thromboembolic event prophylaxis in traumatic brain injury with low-molecular-weight heparin: risks and benefits. J Neurotrauma. 2010;27(12):2165–72. doi:10.1089/neu.2010.1366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsushima K, Inaba K, Cho J, Mohammed H, Herr K, Leichtle S, Zada G, and Demetriades D. Therapeutic anticoagulation in patients with traumatic brain injury. J Surg Res. 2016;205(1):186–91. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2016.06.042.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nickele CM, Kamps TK, Medow JE. Safety of a DVT chemoprophylaxis protocol following traumatic brain injury: a single center quality improvement initiative. Neurocrit Care. 2013;18:184–92. doi:10.1007/s12028-012-9786-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demetriades D, Kimbrell B, Salim A, Velmahos G, Rhee P, Preston C, Gruzinski G, and Chan L. Trauma deaths in a mature urban trauma system: is “trimodal” distribution a valid concept? J Am Coll Surg. 2005;201:343–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunning AC, Maier RV, de Rooij D, et al. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in severely injured patients: an international comparative assessment. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2019;186:528.
   Google Scholar
• Störmann P, Osinloye W, Freiman TM, et al. Early chemical thromboprophylaxis does not increase the risk of intracranial hematoma progression in patients with isolated severe traumatic brain injury. World J Surg. 2019;66:1436–38.
   Google Scholar
• Saadeh Y, Gohil K, Bill C, Smith C, Morrison C, Mosher B, Schneider P, Stevens P, and Kepros JP. Chemical venous thromboembolic prophylaxis is safe and effective for patients with traumatic brain injury when started 24 hours after the absence of hemorrhage progression on head CT. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;73(2):426–30. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e31825a758b.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velmahos GC, Spaniolas K, Tabbara M, et al. Pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis in trauma: are they related? Arch Surg. 2009;144:928–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamada SR, Espina C, Guedj T, Buaron R, Harrois A, Figueiredo S, and Duranteau J. High level of venous thromboembolism in critically ill trauma patients despite early and well-driven thromboprophylaxis protocol. Ann Intensive Care. 2017;7:97–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paffrath T, Wafaisade A, Lefering R, Simanski C, Bouillon B, Spanholtz T, Wutzler S, and Maegele M. Venous thromboembolism after severe trauma: incidence, risk factors and outcome. Injury. 2010;41(1):97–101. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2009.06.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Malley KF, Ross SE. Pulmonary embolism in major trauma patients. J Trauma. 1990;30:748–50. doi:10.1097/00005373-199006000-00018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menaker J, Stein DM, Scalea TM. Incidence of early pulmonary embolism after injury. J Trauma. 2007;63:620–24. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e31812f60aa.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Knudson MM, Gomez D, Haas B, Cohen MJ, and Nathens AB. Three thousand seven hundred thirty-eight posttraumatic pulmonary emboli: a new look at an old disease. Ann Surg. 2011;254:625–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norwood SH, McAuley CE, Berne JD, et al. Prospective evaluation of the safety of enoxaparin prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in patients with intracranial hemorrhagic injuries. Arch Surg. 2002;137:696–701. discussion 701–2. doi:10.1001/archsurg.137.6.696.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nathens AB, McMurray MK, Cuschieri J, et al. The practice of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in the major trauma patient. J Trauma. 2007;62:557–62. discussion 562–3. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e318031b5f5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chapman BC, Moore EE, Barnett C, Stovall RT, Biffl WL, Burlew CC, Bensard DD, Jurkovich GJ, and Pieracci FM. Hypercoagulability following blunt solid abdominal organ injury: when to initiate anticoagulation. Am J Surg. 2013;206:917–22. discussion 922–3. doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2013.07.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers FB, Cipolle MD, Velmahos G, Rozycki G, and Luchette FA. Practice management guidelines for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in trauma patients: the EAST practice management guidelines work group. J Trauma. 2002;53(1):142–64. doi:10.1097/00005373-200207000-00032.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berber O, Vasireddy A, Nzeako O, Tavakkolizadeh A. The high-risk polytrauma patient and inferior vena cava filter use. Injury. 2017;48:1400–04. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2017.04.038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scudday T, Brasel K, Webb T, Codner P, Somberg L, Weigelt J, Herrmann D, and Peppard W. Safety and efficacy of prophylactic anticoagulation in patients with traumatic brain injury. J Am Coll Surg. 2011;213:148–53. discussion 153–4. doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2011.02.027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margolick J, Dandurand C, Duncan K, Chen W, Evans DC, Sekhon MS, Garraway N, Griesdale DEG, Gooderham P, Hameed SM, et al. A systematic review of the risks and benefits of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in traumatic brain injury. Can J Neurol Sci. 2018;45:432–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorson CM, Ryan ML, Van Haren RM, Curia E, Barrera JM, Guarch GA, Busko AM, Namias N, Livingstone AS, Proctor KG, et al. Venous thromboembolism after trauma: a never event?*. Crit Care Med. 2012;40:2967–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hachem LD, Mansouri A, Scales DC, Geerts W, and Pirouzmand F. Anticoagulant prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism following severe traumatic brain injury: a prospective observational study and systematic review of the literature. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2018;175:68–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stassen NA, Bhullar I, Cheng JD, Crandall M, Friese R, Guillamondegui O, Jawa R, Maung A, Rohs TJ, Sangosanya A, et al. Nonoperative management of blunt hepatic injury: an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma practice management guideline. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;73:S288–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stassen NA, Bhullar I, Cheng JD, Crandall ML, Friese RS, Guillamondegui OD, Jawa RS, Maung AA, Rohs TJ, Sangosanya A, et al. Selective nonoperative management of blunt splenic injury: an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma practice management guideline. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;73:S294–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leitner L, El-Shabrawi JH, Bratschitsch G, et al. Risk adapted diagnostics and hospitalization following mild traumatic brain injury. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2020;16:630–39.
   Google Scholar