An investigation of phonological skills in Puerto Rican Spanish-speaking 2-year-olds

References

• ACEVEDO, M.A., 1993, Development of Spanish consonants in preschool children. Journal of Childhood Communication Disorders, 15, 9–15.
   Google Scholar
• ANDERSON, R., and SMITH, B., 1987, Phonological development of 2-year-old monolingual Spanish-speaking children. Journal of Child Language, 14, 57–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BARLOW, J., and GIERUT, J., 1999, Optimality theory in phonological acquisition. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research, 42, 1482–1498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BERNHARDT, B., and STEMBERGER, J., 1998, Handbook of phonological development: from the perspective of constraint-based nonlinear phonology (San Diego: Academic Press).
   Google Scholar
• BORTOLINE U. and LEONARD, L., 1991, The speech of phonologically disordered children acquiring Italian. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 5, 1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell T.(Ed.) Pathologies of speech and language: Contributions of clinical phonetics and linguistics (New Orleans, LA: International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association), pp. 109-117.
   Google Scholar
• CLEMENTS, G.N., 1990, The role of sonority in core syllabification, In J. Kingston and M. Beckman (Eds) Papers in laboratory phonology Between I.the grammar and physics of speech (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press), pp. 283–333.
   Google Scholar
• COTTON, E., and SHARP, J., 1988, Spanish in the Americas (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press).
   Google Scholar
• DINNSEN, D., CHIN, S., ELBERT, M., and POWELL, T., 1990, Some constraints on functionally disordered phonologies: phonetic inventories and phonotactic constraints. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 33, 28–37.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DYSON, A., 1988, Phonetic inventories of 2- and 3-year-old children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 53, 89–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GILDERSLEEVE, C., DAVIS, B., and STUBBE, E., 1996, When monolingual rules don't apply: Speech development in a bilingual environment. Paper presented at the annual convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Seattle, WA.
   Google Scholar
• GOLDSTEIN, B., and IGLESIAS, A., 1996, Phonological patterns in normally developing Spanish-speaking 3- and 4-year-olds of Puerto Rican descent Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in the Schools, 27, 82–90.
   Google Scholar
• GOLDSTEIN, B., and Pottocx, K., 2000, Vowel errors in Spanish-speaking children with phonological disorders a retrospective, comparative study. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 14, 217–234.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padilla R.(Ed.) Theory technology and public policy on bilingual education (Rosslyn, VA: National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education), pp. 73-87.
   Google Scholar
• GOODLUCK, H., 1991, Language acquisition: a linguistic introduction (Oxford: Blackwell).
   Google Scholar
• Gutiérrez-Rexach J. and F. Martinez-Gil (Eds.) Hispanic Linguistics: Papers from the 2nd Hispanic linguistics symposium: Volume 1 (Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press), pp. 135-151.
   Google Scholar
• Irwin J.and Wong S.(Eds) Phonological development in children: 18 to 72 months (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press), pp. 55-85.
   Google Scholar
• HOGG, R., and McCuLLY, C., 1987, Metrical phonology: a coursebook (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
   Google Scholar
• IGLESIAS A., COHEN, L., GUTIERREZ-CLELLEN, V., and MARCANO, M., 1983, Phonological complexity of spoken Spanish. Paper presented at the convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Washington, DC, November.
   Google Scholar
• JIMENEZ, B., 1987, Acquisition of Spanish consonants in children aged 3-5 years, 7 months. Language, Speech and Hearing Services in the Schools, 18, 357–363.
   Google Scholar
• LASS, R., 1984, Phonology: an introduction to basic concepts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
   Google Scholar
• LLEO, C., and PRINZ, M., 1996, Consonant clusters in child phonology and the assignment of syllable structure assignment Journal of Child Language, 23, 31–56.
   Google Scholar
• LOCKE, J., 1983, Phonological acquisition and change (New York: Academic Press).
   Google Scholar
• MAEZ, L., 1985, The acquisition of the Spanish sound system by native Spanish-speaking children. In E. Garcia and Padilla R.(Eds) Advances in Bilingual Education Research (Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona Press), pp. 3–26.
   Google Scholar
• MANN, D., and HODSON, B., 1994, Spanish-speaking children's phonologies: assessment and remediation of disorders Seminars in Speech and Language, 15, 137–147.
   Google Scholar
• NAVARRO-TOMAS, T., 1968, El Esparrol en Puerto Rico [Spanish in Puerto Rico], second edition (Puerto Rico: Editorial Universitaria).
   Google Scholar
• NWOKAH, E., 1986, Consonantal substitution patterns in Igbo phonological acquisition. Language and Speech, 29, 159–176.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OHALA, D., 1999, The influence of sonority on children's cluster reductions. Journal of Communication Disorders, 32, 397–422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• POPLACK, S., 1980, Deletion and disambiguation in Puerto Rican Spanish. Language, 56, 371–385.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROBB, M., and BLEILE, K., 1994, Consonant inventories of young children from 8 to 25 months. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, 8, 295–320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHRIBERG, L., AUSTIN, D., LEWIS, B., MCSWEENEY, J., and WILSON, D., 1997, The percentage of consonants correct (PCC) metric: extensions and reliability data. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 40, 708–722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SMIT, A., 1993a, Phonologic error distributions in the Iowa-Nebraska articulation norms project: Consonant singletons. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 36, 533–547.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SMIT, A., 1993b, Phonologic error distributions in the Iowa-Nebraska articulation norms project: Word-initial consonant clusters. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 36, 931–947.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• SO, L., and DODD, B., 1995, The acquisition of phonology by Cantonese-speaking children. Journal of Child Language, 22, 473–495.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STOEL, C., 1974, Note on the acquisition of sonorants in Spanish. Papers and reports on child language development (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University).
   Google Scholar
• STOEL-GAMMON, C., 1985, Phonetic inventories, 15-24 months: a longitudinal study. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 28, 505–512.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• STOEL-GAMMON, C., 1987, Phonological skills of 2-year-olds. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in the Schools, 18, 323–329.
   Google Scholar
• STOEL-GAMMON, C., and DUNN, C., 1985, Normal and disordered phonology in children (Austin, TX: PRO-ED).
   Google Scholar
• Amastae J.and L. Elias-Olivares (Eds) Spanish in the United States: sociolinguistic aspects (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), pp. 47–70.
   Google Scholar
• TIMM, L., 1977, A child's acquisition of Russian phonology. Journal of Child Language, 4, 329–339.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VIHMAN, M., 1996, Phonological development: the origins of language in the child (Cambridge, MA: Blackwell).
   Google Scholar
• YAVAS, M., 1998, Phonology: development and disorders (San Diego: Singular Publishing Group).
   Google Scholar
• YAVAS, M., and LAMPRECHT, R., 1988, Processes and intelligibility in disordered phonology. Clinical Linguistics and Linguistics, 2, 329–345.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar