Sentinel Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer

References

• Ahlgren J., Holmberg L., Bergh J., Liljegren G. Five-node biopsy of the axilla: an alternative to axillary dissection of levels I–II in operable breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2002; 28: 97–102
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Akashi-Tanaka S., Fukutomi T., Sato N., Miyakawa K. The role of computed tomography in the selection of breast cancer treatment. Breast Cancer 2003; 10: 198–203
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Andea A. A., Bouwman D., Wallis T., Visscher D. W. Correlation of tumor volume and surface area with lymph node status in patients with multifocal/multicentric breast carcinoma. Cancer 2004; 100: 20–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arriagada R., Le M. G. Adjuvant radiotherapy in breast cancer – the treatment of lymph node areas. Acta Oncol 2000; 39: 295–305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bedrosian I., Reynolds C., Mick R., Callans L. S., Grant C. S., Donohue J. H., et al. Accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with large primary breast tumors. Cancer 2000; 88: 2540–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benda R. K., Cendan J. C., Copeland E. M., Feezor R. J., Lind D. S., Morris C. G., et al. Should decisions on internal mammary lymph node irradiation be based on current lymphoscintigraphy techniques for sentinel lymph node identification?. Cancer 2004; 100: 518–23
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bergkvist L., Frisell J., Celebioglu F., Damm S., Thörn M. Multicentre study of detection and false-negative rate in sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer. Br J Surg 2001; 88: 1644–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bevilacqua J. L., Gucciardo G., Cody H. S., MacDonald K. A., Sacchini V., Borgen P. I., et al. A selection algorithm for internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2002; 28: 603–14
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blichert-Toft M. Axillary surgery in breast cancer management – background, incidence and extent of nodal spread, extent of surgery and accurate axillary staging, surgical procedures. Acta Oncol 2000; 39: 269–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borgstein P. J., Pijpers R., Comans E. F., van Diest P. J., Boom R. P., Meijer S. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer: guidelines and pitfalls of lymphoscintigraphy and gamma probe detection. J Am Coll Surg 1998; 186: 275–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burak W. E., Hollenbeck S. T., Zervos E. E., Hock K. L., Kemp L. C., Young D. C. Sentinel lymph node biopsy results in less postoperative morbidity compared with axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer. Am J Surg 2002; 183: 23–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bussolati G., Gugliotta P., Morra I., Pietribiasi F., Berardengo E. The immunohistochemical detection of lymph node metastases from infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast. Br J Cancer 1986; 54: 631–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabanas R. M. An approach for the treatment of penile carcinoma. Cancer 1977; 39: 456–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charfare H., Limongelli S., Purushotham A. D. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Br J Surg 2005; 92: 14–23
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chetty Ch B. U. Axillary node sample to evaluate the axilla. World J Surg 2001; 25: 773–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chung M. A., Steinhoff M. M., Cady B. Clinical axillary recurrence in breast cancer patients after a negative sentinel node biopsy. Am J Surg 2002; 184: 310–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung M. H., Ye W., Giuliano A. E. Role for sentinel lymph node dissection in the management of large (> or = 5 cm) invasive breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2001; 8: 688–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cody H. S 3rd., Borgen P. I., Tan L. K. Redefining prognosis in node-negative breast cancer: can sentinel lymph node biopsy raise the threshold for systemic adjuvant therapy?. Ann Surg Oncol 2004; 11: 227S–30S
   Google Scholar
• Cody H. S 3rd., Klauber-Demore N., Borgen P. I., Van Zee K. J. Is it really duct carcinoma in situ?. Ann Surg Oncol 2001; 8: 617–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colleoni M., Rotmensz N., Peruzzotti G., Maisonneuve P., Mazzarol G., Pruneri G., et al. Size of breast cancer metastases in axillary lymph nodes: clinical relevance of minimal lymph node involvement. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 1379–89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cote R. J., Peterson H. F., Chaiwun B., Gelber R. D., Goldhirsch A., Castiglione-Gertsch M., et al. Role of immunohistochemical detection of lymph-node metastases in management of breast cancer. International Breast Cancer Study Group. Lancet 1999; 354: 896–900
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crippa F., Gerali A., Alessi A., Agresti R., Bombardieri E. FDG-PET for axillary lymph node staging in primary breast cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2004; 31 Suppl 1: S97–102
   Google Scholar
• Cserni G., Gregori D., Merletti F., Sapino A., Mano M. P., Ponti A., et al. Meta-analysis of non-sentinel node metastases associated with micrometastatic sentinel nodes in breast cancer. Br J Surg 2004; 91: 1245–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cserni G., Amendoeira I., Apostolikas N., Bellocq J. P., Bianchi S., Bussolati G., et al. Pathological work-up of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer. Review of current data to be considered for the formulation of guidelines. Eur J Cancer 2003; 39: 1654–67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cserni G. The reliability of sampling three to six nodes for staging breast cancer. J Clin Pathol 1999; 52: 681–3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Mascarel I., Soubeyran I., MacGrogan G., Picot V., Mathoulin-Pelissier S. Immunohistochemically detected lymph node metastases from breast carcinoma: practical considerations about the new American Joint Committee on Cancer classification. Cancer 2005; 103: 1319–22
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Widt-Levert L., Tjan-Heijnen V., Bult P., Ruers T., Wobbes T. Stage migration in breast cancer: surgical decisions concerning isolated tumour cells and micro-metastases in the sentinel lymph node. Eur J Surg Oncol 2003; 29: 216–20
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Degnim A. C., Griffith K. A., Sabel M. S., Hayes D. F., Cimmino V. M., Diehl K. M., et al. Clinicopathologic features of metastasis in nonsentinel lymph nodes of breast carcinoma patients. Cancer 2003; 98: 2307–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derossis A. M., Fey J., Yeung H., Yeh S. D., Heerdt A. S., Petrek J., et al. A trend analysis of the relative value of blue dye and isotope localization in 2,000 consecutive cases of sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer. J Am Coll Surg 2001; 193: 473–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deurloo E. E., Tanis P. J., Gilhuijs K. G., Muller S. H., Kroger R., Peterse J. L., et al. Reduction in the number of sentinel lymph node procedures by preoperative ultrasonography of the axilla in breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2003; 39: 1068–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz N. M., Cox C. E., Ebert M., Clark J. D., Vrcel V., Stowell N., et al. Benign mechanical transport of breast epithelial cells to sentinel lymph nodes. Am J Surg Pathol 2004; 28: 1641–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dowlatshahi K., Fan M., Anderson J. M., Bloom K. J. Occult metastases in sentinel nodes of 200 patients with operable breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2001; 8: 675–81
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dupont E. L., Salud C. J., Peltz E. S., Nguyen K., Whitehead G. F., Ku N. N., et al. Clinical relevance of internal mammary node mapping as a guide to radiation therapy. Am J Surg 2001; 182: 321–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estourgie S. H., Nieweg O. E., Olmos R. A., Rutgers E. J., Kroon B. B. Lymphatic drainage patterns from the breast. Ann Surg 2004; 239: 232–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estourgie S. H., Nieweg O. E., Valdes Olmos R. A., Rutgers E. J., Peterse J. L., Kroon B. B. Eight false negative sentinel node procedures in breast cancer: what went wrong?. Eur J Surg Oncol 2003; 29: 336–40
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Estourgie S. H., Tanis P. J., Nieweg O. E., Valdes Olmos R. A., Rutgers E. J., Kroon B. B. Should the hunt for internal mammary chain sentinel nodes begin? An evaluation of 150 breast cancer patients. Ann Surg Oncol 2003; 10: 935–41
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Feldman S. M., Krag D. N., McNally R. K., Moor B. B., Weaver D. L., Klein P. Limitation in gamma probe localization of the sentinel node in breast cancer patients with large excisional biopsy. J Am Coll Surg 1999; 188: 248–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galimberti V., Veronesi P., Arnone P., De Cicco C., Renne G., Intra M., et al. Stage migration after biopsy of internal mammary chain lymph nodes in breast cancer patients. Ann Surg Oncol 2002; 9: 924–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gentilini O., Cremonesi M., Trifiro G., Ferrari M., Baio S. M., Caracciolo M., et al. Safety of sentinel node biopsy in pregnant patients with breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2004; 15: 1348–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giuliano A. E., Haigh P. I., Brennan M. B., Hansen N. M., Kelley M. C., Ye W., et al. Prospective observational study of sentinel lymphadenectomy without further axillary dissection in patients with sentinel node-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18: 2553–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giuliano A. E., Dale P. S., Turner R. R., Morton D. L., Evans S. W., Krasne D. L. Improved axillary staging of breast cancer with sentinel lymphadenectomy. Ann Surg 1995; 222: 394–9; discussion 399–401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goyal A., Newcombe R. G., Mansel R. E., Axillary Lymphatic Mapping Against Nodal Axillary Clearance (ALMANAC) Trialists Group. Clinical relevance of multiple sentinel nodes in patients with breast cancer. Br J Surg 2005; 92: 438–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gray R. J., Cox C. E., Reintgen D. S. Importance of missed axillary micrometastases in breast cancer patients. Breast J 2001; 7: 303–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haid A., Koberle-Wuhrer R., Knauer M., Burtscher J., Fritzsche H., Peschina W., et al. Morbidity of breast cancer patients following complete axillary dissection or sentinel node biopsy only: a comparative evaluation. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2002; 73: 31–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen N. M., Ye X., Grube B. J., Giuliano A. E. Manipulation of the primary breast tumor and the incidence of sentinel node metastases from invasive breast cancer. Arch Surg 2004; 139: 634–9; discussion 639–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heuser T., Rink T., Weller E., Fitz H., Zippel H. H., Kreienberg R., et al. Impact of the axillary nodal status on sentinel node mapping in breast cancer and its relevance for technical proceeding. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2001; 67: 125–32
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• International (Ludwig) Breast Cancer Study Group. Occult axillary lymph-node micrometastases in breast cancer. Lancet 1990; 336: 434–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Intra M., Veronesi P., Mazzarol G., Galimberti V., Luini A., Sacchini V., et al. Axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with pure ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Arch Surg 2003; 138: 309–13
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jakub J. W., Ebert M. D., Diaz N. M., Cantor A., Reintgen D. S., Dupont E. L., et al. Effect of lymphatic mapping on diagnosis and treatment of patients with T1a, T1b favorable breast cancer. Ann Surg 2003; 237: 838–41; discussion 841–3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelly T. A., Kim J. A., Patrick R., Grundfest S., Crowe J. P. Axillary lymph node metastases in patients with a final diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ. Am J Surg 2003; 186: 368–70
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klauber-DeMore N., Tan L. K., Liberman L., Kaptain S., Fey J., Borgen P., et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy: is it indicated in patients with high-risk ductal carcinoma-in-situ and ductal carcinoma-in-situ with microinvasion?. Ann Surg Oncol 2000; 7: 636–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krag D. N., Weaver D. L., Alex J. C., Fairbank J. T. Surgical resection and radiolocalization of the sentinel lymph node in breast cancer using a gamma probe. Surg Oncol 1993; 2: 335–9; discussion 340
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krynyckyi B. R., Chun H., Kim H. H., Eskandar Y., Kim C. K., Machac J. Factors affecting visualization rates of internal mammary sentinel nodes during lymphoscintigraphy. J Nucl Med 2003; 44: 1387–93
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kuijt G. P., Voogd A. C., van de Poll-Franse L. V., Scheimans L. J. E. E., van Beek M. W. P. M., Roumen R. M. H. The prognostic significance of axillary lymph-node micrometastases in breast cancer patients. Eur J Surg Oncol 2005; 31: 500–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kumar R., Jana S., Heiba S. I., Dakhel M., Axelrod D., Siegel B., et al. Retrospective analysis of sentinel node localization in multifocal, multicentric, palpable, or nonpalpable breast cancer. J Nucl Med 2003; 44: 7–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lara J. F., Young S. M., Velilla R. E., Santoro E. J., Templeton S. F. The relevance of occult axillary micrometastasis in ductal carcinoma in situ: a clinicopathologic study with long-term follow-up. Cancer 2003; 98: 2105–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee A. C., Keshtgar M. R., Waddington W. A., Ell P. J. The role of dynamic imaging in sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2002; 38: 784–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leidenius M., Krogerus L., Tukiainen E., von Smitten K. Accuracy of axillary staging using sentinel node biopsy or diagnostic axillary lymph node dissection – a case-control study. APMIS 2004; 112: 264–70
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leidenius M., Krogerus L., Toivonen T., Leppanen E., von Smitten K. The sensitivity of axillary staging when using sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2003; 29: 849–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leidenius M., Leppanen E., Krogerus L., von Smitten K. Motion restriction and axillary web syndrome after sentinel node biopsy and axillary clearance in breast cancer. Am J Surg 2003; 185: 127–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leidenius M. H., Krogerus L. A., Toivonen T. S., von Smitten K. A. Sentinel node biopsy is not sensible in breast cancer patients with large primary tumours. Eur J Surg Oncol 2005; 31: 364–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leidenius M. H., Vironen J. H., Riihela M. S., Krogerus L. A., Toivonen T. S., von Smitten K. A., et al. The prevalence of non-sentinel node metastases in breast cancer patients with sentinel node micrometastases. Eur J Surg Oncol 2005; 31: 13–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leidenius M. H., Krogerus L. A., Toivonen T. S., Von Smitten K. J. The feasibility of intraoperative diagnosis of sentinel lymph node metastases in breast cancer. J Surg Oncol 2003; 84: 68–73
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leikola J. P., Toivonen T. S., Krogerus L. A., von Smitten K. A. J. Rapid immunohistochemistry enhances the intraoperative diagnosis of sentinel lymph node metastases in invasive lobular breast carcinoma. Cancer 2005; 104: 14–19
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leppanen E., Leidenius M., Krogerus L., von Smitten K. The effect of patient and tumour characteristics on visualization of sentinel nodes after a single intratumoural injection of Tc 99m labelled human albumin colloid in breast cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2002; 28: 821–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lernevall A. Imaging of axillary lymph nodes. Acta Oncol 2000; 39: 277–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liberman L. Pathologic analysis of sentinel lymph nodes in breast carcinoma. Cancer 2000; 88: 971–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llatjos M., Castella E., Fraile M., Rull M., Julian F. J., Fuste F., et al. Intraoperative assessment of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with breast carcinoma: accuracy of rapid imprint cytology compared with definitive histologic workup. Cancer 2002; 96: 150–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luini A., Galimberti V., Gatti G., Arnone P., Vento A. R., Trifiro G., et al. The sentinel node biopsy after previous breast surgery: preliminary results on 543 patients treated at the European Institute of Oncology. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005; 89: 159–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luini A., Zurrida S., Paganelli G., Galimberti V., Sacchini V., Monti S., et al. Comparison of radioguided excision with wire localization of occult breast lesions. Br J Surg 1999; 86: 522–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martin R. C., Derossis A. M., Fey J., Yeung H., Yeh S. D., Akhurst T., et al. Intradermal isotope injection is superior to intramammary in sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer. Surgery 2001; 130: 432–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin R. C., Fey J., Yeung H., Borgen P. I., Cody H. S 3rd. Highest isotope count does not predict sentinel node positivity in all breast cancer patients. Ann Surg Oncol 2001; 8: 592–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McMasters K. M., Wong S. L., Martin R. C 2nd., Chao C., Tuttle T. M., Noyes R. D., et al. Dermal injection of radioactive colloid is superior to peritumoral injection for breast cancer sentinel lymph node biopsy: results of a multiinstitutional study. Ann Surg 2001; 233: 676–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMasters K. M., Tuttle T. M., Carlson D. J., Brown C. M., Noyes R. D., Glaser R. L., et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer: a suitable alternative to routine axillary dissection in multi-institutional practice when optimal technique is used. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18: 2560–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMasters K. M., Wong S. L., Tuttle T. M., Carlson D. J., Brown C. M., Dirk Noyes R., et al. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy for breast cancer does not improve the ability to identify axillary sentinel lymph nodes. Ann Surg 2000; 231: 724–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miltenburg D. M., Miller C., Karamlou T. B., Brunicardi F. C. Meta-analysis of sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer. J Surg Res 1999; 84: 138–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montgomery L. L., Thorne A. C., Van Zee K. J., Fey J., Heerdt A. S., Gemignani M., et al. Isosulfan blue dye reactions during sentinel lymph node mapping for breast cancer. Anesth Analg 2002; 95: 385–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrow M. Role of axillary dissection in breast cancer management. Ann Surg Oncol 1996; 3: 233–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morton D. L., Wen D. R., Wong J. H., Economou J. S., Cagle L. A., Storm F. K., et al. Technical details of intraoperative lymphatic mapping for early stage melanoma. Arch Surg 1992; 127: 392–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motomura K., Inaji H., Komoike Y., Kasugai T., Nagumo S., Noguchi S., et al. Intraoperative sentinel lymph node examination by imprint cytology and frozen sectioning during breast surgery. Br J Surg 2000; 87: 597–601
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naik A. M., Fey J., Gemignani M., Heerdt A., Montgomery L., Petrek J., et al. The risk of axillary relapse after sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer is comparable with that of axillary lymph node dissection: a follow-up study of 4008 procedures. Ann Surg 2004; 240: 462–8; discussion 468–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noguchi M., Ohta N., Koyasaki N., Taniya T., Miyazaki I., Mizukami Y. Reappraisal of internal mammary node metastases as a prognostic factor in patients with breast cancer. Cancer 1991; 68: 1918–25
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O’Hea B. J., Hill A. D., El-Shirbiny A. M., Yeh S. D., Rosen P. P., Coit D. G., et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer: initial experience at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. J Am Coll Surg 1998; 186: 423–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Orr R. K. The impact of prophylactic axillary node dissection on breast cancer survival – a Bayesian meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 1999; 6: 109–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paganelli G., Galimberti V., Trifiro G., Travaini L., De Cicco C., Mazzarol G., et al. Internal mammary node lymphoscintigraphy and biopsy in breast cancer. Q J Nucl Med 2002; 46: 138–44
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peintinger F., Reitsamer R., Stranzl H., Ralph G. Comparison of quality of life and arm complaints after axillary lymph node dissection vs sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer patients. Br J Cancer 2003; 89: 648–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Port E. R., Fey J. V., Cody H. S 3rd., Borgen P. I. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with male breast carcinoma. Cancer 2001; 91: 319–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quan M. L., McCready D., Temple W. J., McKinnon J. G. Biology of lymphatic metastases in breast cancer: lessons learned from sentinel node biopsy. Ann Surg Oncol 2002; 9: 467–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahusen F. D., Pijpers R., Van Diest P. J., Bleichrodt R. P., Torrenga H., Meijer S. The implementation of the sentinel node biopsy as a routine procedure for patients with breast cancer. Surgery 2000; 128: 6–12
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ratanawichitrasin A., Biscotti C. V., Levy L., Crowe J. P. Touch imprint cytological analysis of sentinel lymph nodes for detecting axillary metastases in patients with breast cancer. Br J Surg 1999; 86: 1346–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rietman J. S., Dijkstra P. U., Geertzen J. H., Baas P., de Vries J., Dolsma W. V., et al. Treatment-related upper limb morbidity 1 year after sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary lymph node dissection for stage I or II breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2004; 11: 1018–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ronka R., von Smitten K., Tasmuth T., Leidenius M. One-year morbidity after sentinel node biopsy and breast surgery. Breast 2005; 14: 28–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ronka R., Krogerus L., Leppanen E., von Smitten K., Leidenius M. Radio-guided occult lesion localization in patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery and sentinel node biopsy. Am J Surg 2004; 187: 491–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roumen R. M., Geuskens L. M., Valkenburg J. G. In search of the true sentinel node by different injection techniques in breast cancer patients. Eur J Surg Oncol 1999; 25: 347–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutgers E. J., EUSOMA Consensus Group. Quality control in the locoregional treatment of breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2001; 37: 447–53
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schwartz G. F., Giuliano A. E., Veronesi U., Consensus Conference Committee. Proceedings of the consensus conference on the role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in carcinoma of the breast, 19–22 April 2001, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Cancer 2002; 94: 2542–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimazu K., Tamaki Y., Taguchi T., Motomura K., Inaji H., Koyama H., et al. Lymphoscintigraphic visualization of internal mammary nodes with subtumoral injection of radiocolloid in patients with breast cancer. Ann Surg 2003; 237: 390–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Silverstein M. J. Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Annu Rev Med 2000; 51: 17–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smidt M. L., Janssen C. M., Kuster D. M., Bruggink E. D., Strobbe L. J. Axillary recurrence after a negative sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer: incidence and clinical significance. Ann Surg Oncol 2005; 12: 29–33
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Specht M. C., Fey J. V., Borgen P. I., Cody H. S 3rd. Is the clinically positive axilla in breast cancer really a contraindication to sentinel lymph node biopsy?. J Am Coll Surg 2005; 200: 10–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swenson K. K., Nissen M. J., Ceronsky C., Swenson L., Lee M. W., Tuttle T. M. Comparison of side effects between sentinel lymph node and axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2002; 9: 745–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tafra L., Lannin D. R., Swanson M. S., Van Eyk J. J., Verbanac K. M., Chua A. N., et al. Multicenter trial of sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer using both technetium sulfur colloid and isosulfan blue dye. Ann Surg 2001; 233: 51–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanis P. J., Nieweg O. E., Merkus J. W., Peterse J. L., Kroon B. B. False negative sentinel node procedure established through palpation of the biopsy wound. Eur J Surg Oncol 2000; 26: 714–15
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Temple L. K., Baron R., Cody H. S 3rd., Fey J. V., Thaler H. T., Borgen P. I., et al. Sensory morbidity after sentinel lymph node biopsy and axillary dissection: a prospective study of 233 women. Ann Surg Oncol 2002; 9: 654–62
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Torrenga H., Fabry H., van der Sijp J. R., van Diest P. J., Pijpers R., Meijer S. Omitting axillary lymph node dissection in sentinel node negative breast cancer patients is safe: a long term follow-up analysis. J Surg Oncol 2004; 88: 4–7; discussion 7–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tousimis E., Van Zee K. J., Fey J. V., Hoque L. W., Tan L. K., Cody H. S 3rd., et al. The accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy in multicentric and multifocal invasive breast cancers. J Am Coll Surg 2003; 197: 529–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner-Warwick R. T. The lymphatics of the breast. Br J Surg 1959; 46: 574–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uren R. F., Howman-Giles R., Renwick S. B., Gillett D. Lymphatic mapping of the breast: locating the sentinel lymph nodes. World J Surg 2001; 25: 789–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valdes Olmos R. A., Tanis P. J., Hoefnagel C. A., Nieweg O. E., Muller S. H., Rutgers E. J., et al. Improved sentinel node visualization in breast cancer by optimizing the colloid particle concentration and tracer dosage. Nucl Med Commun 2001; 22: 579–86
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Valdes-Olmos R. A., Jansen L., Hoefnagel C. A., Nieweg O. E., Muller S. H., Rutgers E. J., et al. Evaluation of mammary lymphoscintigraphy by a single intratumoral injection for sentinel node identification. J Nucl Med 2000; 41: 1500–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Veronesi U., Paganelli G., Viale G., Luini A., Zurrida S., Galimberti V., et al. A randomized comparison of sentinel-node biopsy with routine axillary dissection in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 546–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veronesi U., Cascinelli N., Greco M., Bufalino R., Morabito A., Galluzzo D., et al. Prognosis of breast cancer patients after mastectomy and dissection of internal mammary nodes. Ann Surg 1985; 202: 702–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viale G., Maiorano E., Pruneri G., Mastropasqua M. G., Valentini S., Galimberti V., et al. Predicting the risk for additional axillary metastases in patients with breast carcinoma and positive sentinel lymph node biopsy. Ann Surg 2005; 241: 319–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viale G., Zurrida S., Maiorano E., Mazzarol G., Pruneri G., Paganelli G., et al. Predicting the status of axillary sentinel lymph nodes in 4351 patients with invasive breast carcinoma treated in a single institution. Cancer 2005; 103: 492–500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viale G., Maiorano E., Mazzarol G., Zurrida S., Galimberti V., Luini A., et al. Histologic detection and clinical implications of micrometastases in axillary sentinel lymph nodes for patients with breast carcinoma. Cancer 2001; 92: 1378–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wahl R. L., Siegel B. A., Coleman R. E., Gatsonis C. G., PET Study Group. Prospective multicenter study of axillary nodal staging by positron emission tomography in breast cancer: a report of the staging breast cancer with PET Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2004; 22: 277–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson E. J., Hause L. L., Hoffman R. G., Kuzma J. F., Rothwell D. J., Donegan W. L., et al. Occult axillary lymph node metastases in invasive breast carcinoma: characteristics of the primary tumor and significance of the metastases. Pathol Annu 1982; 17 Pt 2: 67–91
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wong S. L., Chao C., Edwards M. J., Carlson D. J., Laidley A., Noyes R. D., et al. Frequency of sentinel lymph node metastases in patients with favorable breast cancer histologic subtypes. Am J Surg 2002; 184: 492–8; discussion 498
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wong S. L., Edwards M. J., Chao C., Simpson D., McMasters K. M. The effect of lymphatic tumor burden on sentinel lymph node biopsy results. Breast J 2002; 8: 192–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wong S. L., Chao C., Edwards M. J., Tuttle T. M., Noyes R. D., Carlson D. J., et al. Accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy for patients with T2 and T3 breast cancers. Am Surg 2001; 67: 522–6; discussion 527–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wong S. L., Edwards M. J., Chao C., Tuttle T. M., Noyes R. D., Carlson D. J., et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer: impact of the number of sentinel nodes removed on the false-negative rate. J Am Coll Surg 2001; 192: 684–9; discussion 689–91
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zavagno G., Carcoforo P., Marconato R., Franchini Z., Scalco G., Burelli P., et al. Role of axillary sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with pure ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. BMC Cancer 2005; 5: 28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zervos E. E., Badgwell B. D., Abdessalam S. F., Farrar W. B., Walker M. J., Yee L. D., et al. Selective analysis of the sentinel node in breast cancer. Am J Surg 2001; 182: 372–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar