On metronomic chemotherapy: Modulation of angiogenesis mediated by VEGE-A

References

• Schiller JH, Harrington D, Belani CP, Langer C, Sandler A, Krook J, et al. Comparison of four chemotherapy regimens for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. New Engl J Med 2002; 346: 92–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerbel RS, Kamen BA. The anti-angiogenic basis of metronomic chemotherapy. Nature Rev Cancer 2004; 4: 423–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkman J. Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatic and other diseases. Nat Med 1995; 1: 27–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 2000; 100: 57–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browder T, Butterfield CE, Kräling BM, Shi B, Marshall B, O'Reilly MS, et al. Antiangiogenic scheduling of chemotherapy improves efficacy against experimental drug-resistant cancer. Cancer Res 2000; 60: 1878–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanahan D, Bergers G, Bergsland E. Less is more, regularly: Metronomic dosing of cytotoxic drugs can target tumor angiogenesis in mice. J Clin Invest 2000; 105: 1045–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klement G, Baruchel S, Rak, Man S, Clarke K, Hicklin DJ, et al. Continuous low-dose therapy with vinblastine and VEGF receptor-2 antibody induces sustained tumor regression without overt toxicity. J Clin Invest 2000; 105: R15–R24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klement G, Huang P, Mayer B, Green SK, Man S, Bohlen P, et al. Differences in therapeutic indexes of combination metronomic chemotherapy and an anti-VEGF-2 antibody in multidrug-resistant human breast cancer xenografts. Clin Cancer Res 2002; 8: 221–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahnfeldt P, Folkman J, Hlatky L. Minimizing long-term tumor burden: The logic for metronomic chemotherapeutic dosing and its antiangiogenic basis. J Theor Biol 2003; 220: 545–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkman J. Angiogenesis and apoptosis. Semin Cancer Biol 2003; 13: 159–67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hlatky L, Hahnfeldt P, Folkman J. Clinical application of antiangiogenic therapy: Microvessel density, what it does and doesn't tell us. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002; 94: 883–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerbel RS, Klement G, Prichard KI, Kamen B. Continuous low-dose anti-angiogenic/metronomic chemotherapy: From the research laboratory into the oncology clinic. Ann Oncol 2002; 13: 12–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• StCroix B, Rago C, Velculescu V, Traverso G, Romans KE, Montgomery E, et al. Genes expressed in human tumor endothelium. Science 2000; 289: 1197–1202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lennernäs B, Albertsson P, Lennernäs H, Norrby K. Chemotherapy and antiangiogenesis: Drug-specific, dose-related effects. Acta Oncol 2003; 42: 294–303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lennernäs B, Albertsson P, Damber J-E, Norrby K. Antiangiogenic effect of metronomic paclitaxel treatment in prostate cancer and non-tumor tissue in the same animals: A quantitative study. APMIS 2004; 112: 201–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Albertsson P, Lennernäs B, Norrby K. Chemotherapy and antiangiogenesis: Drug-specific effects on microvessel sprouting. APMIS 2003; 111: 995–1003
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carmeliet P, Jain RK. Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases. Nature 2000; 407: 249–57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Affara NI, Robertson FM. Vascular endothelial growth factor as a survival factor in tumor-associated angiogenesis. In Vivo 2004; 18: 525–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferrara N. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in angiogenesis. Angiogenesis in Health and Disease. Basic mechanisms and clinical applications, GM Rubanyi. Marcel Dekker, New York 2000; 47–73
   Google Scholar
• Norrby K. Basic fibroblast growth factor and de novo mammalian angiogenesis. Microvasc Res 1994; 48: 96–113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norrby K. Angiogenesis: New aspects relating to its initiation and control. APMIS 1997; 105: 417–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norrby K. Microvascular density in terms of number and length of microvessel segments per unit tissue volume in mammalian angiogenesis. Microvasc Res 1998; 55: 43–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiPaola, RS, Rubin, E, Toppmeyer, D, Eid, J, Butzbach, D, Dvorzhinski, D, et al. Gemcitabine combined with sequential paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with urothelial cancers and other advanced malignancies. Med Sci Monit 2003;9: PI, 1–PI 11.
   Google Scholar
• Glode LM, Barqawi A, Crighton F, Crawford ED, Kerbel R. Metronomic therapy with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone for prostate carcinoma. Cancer 2003; 98: 1643–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gravis G, Bladou F, Salem N, Macquart-Moulin G, Serment G, Camerlo J, et al. Weekly administration of docetaxel for symptomatic metastatic hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma. Cancer 2003; 98: 1627–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hellerstedt B, Pienta KJ, Redman BG, Esper P, Dunn R, Fardig J, et al. Phase II trial of oral cyclophosphamide, prednisone, and diethylstilbestrol for androgen-independent prostate carcinoma. Cancer 2003; 98: 1603–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Workman P, Twentyman P, Balkwill F, Balmain A, Chaplin D, Double J. United Kingdom co-ordinating committee on cancer research (UKCCCR) guidelines for welfare of animals in experimental neoplasia (2nd edition). Br J Cancer 1998; 77: 1–10
   Google Scholar
• Norrby K. Vascular endothelial growth factor and mammalian angiogenesis. Microvasc Res 1996; 51: 154–63
   Google Scholar
• Aruoma OI, Halliwell B, Hoey BM, Butler J. The antioxidant action of N-acetylcysteine: Its action with hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, superoxide, and hypochlorous acid. Free Rad Biol Med 1989; 6: 593–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zafarullah M, Li WQ, Sylvester J, Ahmad M. Molecular mechanisms of N-acetylcystein actions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2003; 60: 6–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson AP, White TM, Mason DW. MRC OX-43: A monoclonal antibody which reacts with all vascular endothelium in the rat except that of brain capillaries. Immunology 1986; 57: 231–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Norrby K, Mattsby-Baltzer I, Innocenti M, Tuneberg S. Orally administered bovine lactoferrin systemically inhibits VEGF165-mediated angiogenesis in the rat. Int J Cancer 2001; 91: 236–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norrby K, Ridell B. Tumour-type-specific capillary endothelial cell stainability in malignant B-cell lymphomas using antibodies against CD31, CD34 and factor VIII. APMIS 2003; 111: 483–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drevs J, Fakler J, Eisele S, Medinger M, Bing G, Esser N, et al. Antiangiogenic potency of various chemotherapeutic drugs for metronomic chemotherapy. Anticancer Res 2004; 24: 1759–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Näslund I, Norrby K. NO and de novo angiogenesis: Further evidence that NO inhibits bFGF-induced angiogenesis while not influencing VEGF165-induced angiogenesis. APMIS 2000; 108: 29–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermeulen PB, Gasparini G, Fox SB, Colpaert C, Marson LP, Gion M, et al. Second international consensus on the methodology and criteria of evaluation of angiogenesis quantification in solid human tumours. Eur J Cancer 2002; 38: 1564–79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sckell A, Leunig M. Dorsal skinfold chamber preparation in mice. Angiogenesis protocols. Methods in molecular medicine, JC Murray. Humana Press, New Jersey 2001; 95–105
   Google Scholar
• Hashizume H, Baluk P, Morikawa S, McLean JW, Thurston G, Roberge S, et al. Openings between defective endothelial cells explain tumor vessel leakiness. Am J Pathol 2000; 156: 1363–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cleaver O, Melton DA. Endothelial signaling during development. Nat Med 2003; 9: 661–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohan RM, Fernandez A, Udagawa T, Yuan J, D'Amato RJ. Genetic heterogeneity of angiogenesis in mice. FASEB J 2000; 14: 871–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers MS, Rohan RM, Birsner AE, D'Amato RJ. Genetic loci control vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis. FASEB J 2003; 17: 2112–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weijl NI, Hopman GD, Wipkink-Bakker A, Lentjes EG, Berger HM, Cleton FJ, et al. Cisplatin combination chemotherapy induces a fall in plasma antioxidants of cancer patients. Ann Oncol 1998; 9: 1331–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mantovani G, Maccio A, Madeddu C, Mura L, Gramignano G, Lusso MR, et al. Quantitative evaluation of oxidative stress, chronic inflammatory indices and leptin in cancer patients: Correlation with stage and performance status. Int J Cancer 2002; 98: 84–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai T, Fassina G, Morini M, Aluigi MG, Masiello L, Fontanini G, et al. N-acetylcystein inhibits endothelial cell invasion and angiogenesis. Lab Invest 1999; 79: 1151–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agarwal A, Munoz-Najar U, Klueh U, Shih S-C, Claffey KP. N-acetyl-cystein promotes angiostatin production and vascular collapse in an orthotopic model of breast cancer. Am J Pathol 2004; 164: 1683–96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schäfer G, Cramer T, Suske G, Kemmner W, Wiedenmann B, Höcker M. Oxidative stress regulated vascular endothelial growth factor-A gene transcription through Sp1- and Sp3-dependent activation of two proximal GC-rich promoter elements. J Biol Chem 2003; 278: 8190–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castilla MA, Caramelo C, Gazapo RM, Martin O, Gonzalez-Pacheco FR, Tejedor A, et al. Role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in endothelial cell protection against cytotoxic agents. Life Sci 2000; 67: 1003–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maulik N, Das DK. Redox signaling in vascular angiogenesis. Free Rad Biol Med 2002; 33: 1047–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonveaux P, Brouet A, Havaux X, Gregoire V, Dessy C, Balligand JL, et al. Irradiation-induced angiogenesis through the up-regulation of the nitric oxide pathway: Implications for tumor radiotherapy. Cancer Res 2003; 63: 1012–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isner JM, Kalka C, Kawamoto A, Asahara T. Bone marrow as a source of endothelial cells for natural and iatrogenic vascular repair. Ann NY Acad Sci 2001; 953: 75–84
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bertolini F, Paul S, Mancuso P, Montestiroli S, Gobbi A, Shaked Y, et al. Maximum tolerable dose and low-dose metronomic chemotherapy have opposite effects on the mobilization and viability of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. Cancer Res 2003; 63: 4342–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coudore F, Authier N, Guillaume D, Beal D, Duroux E, Fialip J. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of paclitaxel in rat serum: Application to a toxicokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1999; 721: 317–20
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yu LJ, Drewes P, Gustavsson K, Brain EG, Hecht JE, Waxman DJ. In vivo modulation of alternative pathways of P-450-catalyzed cyclophosphamide metabolism: Impact on pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999; 16: 1564–9
   Google Scholar
• Ng SS, Figg WD, Sparreboom A. Taxane-mediated antiangiogenesis in vitro: Influence of formulation vehicles and binding proteins. Cancer Res 2004; 64: 821–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmad SA, Jung YD, Liu W, Reinmuth N, Parikh A, Stoeltzing O, et al. The role of the microenvironment and intercellular cross-talk in tumor angiogenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2002; 12: 105–12
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Norrby K. Mast cells and angiogenesis. APMIS 2002; 110: 355–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fidler IJ, Ellis LM. Chemotherapeutic drugs—more really is not better. Nat Med 2000; 6: 500–2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerbel RS. Tumor angiogenesis: Past, present and the near future. Carcinogen 2000; 21: 505–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar