Is the increasing role of Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery in curation for T1 rectal cancer justified? A systematic review

References

• Lisfranc J. Observation on a cancerous condition of the rectum treated by excision. Dis Colon Rectum 1983; 26: 694–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kraske P. Zur Exstirpation Hochsitzender Mastdarmkrebse. Verh Dtsch Ges Chir 1886; 14: 464–74
   Google Scholar
• Miles WE. A method of performing abdomino-perineal excision for carcinoma of the rectum and terminal portion of the pelvic colon. Lancet 1908:1812–3.
   Google Scholar
• Dixon CF, Benson RF. Surgical removal of lesions occurring in the sigmoid and rectosigmoid. Am J Surg 1939; 46: 12–7
   Google Scholar
• Heald RJ, Husband EM, Ryall RD. The mesorectum in rectal cancer surgery–the clue to pelvic recurrence?. Br J Surg 1982; 69: 613–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parks AG, Stuart AE. The management of villous tumours of the large bowel. Br J Surg 1973; 60: 688–95
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Janssen KM, Mazee HA, Ruers TJ, Baeten CG. [Transanal resection of large sessile rectal polyps]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1996; 140: 1646–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mellgren A, Sirivongs P, Rothenberger DA, Madoff RD, Garcia-Aguilar J. Is local excision adequate therapy for early rectal cancer? Dis Colon Rectum 2000;43:1064–71; Discussion 1071–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergman L, Solhaug JH. Posterior trans-sphincteric resection for small tumours of the lower rectum. Acta Chir Scand 1986; 152: 313–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Christiansen J. Excision of mid-rectal lesions by the Kraske sacral approach. Br J Surg 1980; 67: 651–2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haring R, Karavias T, Konradt J. Posterior procotorectotomy. Chirurg 1978; 49: 265–71
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Madsen HH, Kronborg O. Posterior transsphincteric rectotomy. Indications and safety. Dis Colon Rectum 1987; 30: 939–41
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schildberg FW, Wenk H. [Sphincter-preserving interventions in rectal tumors. The posterior approach to the rectum]. Chirurg 1986; 57: 779–91
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Terkivatan T, den Hoed PT, Lange JF, Jr, Koot VC, van Goch JJ, Veen HF. The place of the posterior surgical approach for lesions of the rectum. Dig Surg 2005; 22: 86–90
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thompson BW, Tucker WE. Transsphincteric approach to lesions of the rectum. South Med J 1987; 80: 41–3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wilson SE, Gordon HE. Excision of rectal lesions by the Kraske approach. Am J Surg 1969; 118: 213–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buess G, Hutterer F, Theiss J, Bobel M, Isselhard W, Pichlmaier H. [A system for a transanal endoscopic rectum operation]. Chirurg 1984; 55: 677–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buess G, Kipfmuller K, Ibald R, Heintz A, Hack D, Braunstein S, et al. Clinical results of transanal endoscopic microsurgery. Surg Endosc 1988; 2: 245–50
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Doornebosch PG, Tetteroo GW, Geldof H, de Graaf EJ. [Transanal endoscopic microsurgery: A good choice for local resection of rectal tumors]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1998; 142: 2577–81
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Langer C, Liersch T, Suss M, Siemer A, Markus P, Ghadimi BM, et al. Surgical cure for early rectal carcinoma and large adenoma: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (using ultrasound or electrosurgery) compared to conventional local and radical resection. Int J Colorectal Dis 2003; 18: 222–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Middleton PF, Sutherland LM, Maddern GJ. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery: A systematic review. Dis Colon Rectum 2005; 48: 270–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• You YN, Baxter NN, Stewart A, Nelson H. Is the increasing rate of local excision for stage I rectal cancer in the United States justified?: A nationwide cohort study from the National Cancer Database. Ann Surg 2007; 245: 726–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/PDF/rectal.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Bader FG, Roblick UJ, Oevermann E, Bruch HP, Schwandner O. Radical surgery for early colorectal cancer-anachronism or oncologic necessity? Int J Colorectal Dis 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Ptok H, Marusch F, Meyer F, Schubert D, Koeckerling F, Gastinger I, et al. Oncological outcome of local vs.radical resection of low-risk pT1 rectal cancer. Arch Surg 2007;142:649–55; Discussion 656.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bentrem DJ, Okabe S, Wong WD, Guillem JG, Weiser MR, Temple LK, et al. T1 adenocarcinoma of the rectum: Transanal excision or radical surgery? Ann Surg 2005;242:472–7; Discussion 477–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endreseth BH, Myrvold HE, Romundstad P, Hestvik UE, Bjerkeset T, Wibe A. Transanal excision vs. major surgery for T1 rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2005; 48: 1380–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winde G, Nottberg H, Keller R, Schmid KW, Bunte H. Surgical cure for early rectal carcinomas (T1). Transanal endoscopic microsurgery vs. anterior resection. Dis Colon Rectum 1996; 39: 969–76
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heintz A, Morschel M, Junginger T. Comparison of results after transanal endoscopic microsurgery and radical resection for T1 carcinoma of the rectum. Surg Endosc 1998; 12: 1145–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee W, Lee D, Choi S, Chun H. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery and radical surgery for T1 and T2 rectal cancer. Surg Endosc 2003; 17: 1283–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lezoche E, Baldarelli M, De Sanctis A, Lezoche G, Guerrieri M. Early rectal cancer: Definition and management. Dig Dis 2007; 25: 76–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maslekar S, Pillinger SH, Monson JR. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery for carcinoma of the rectum. Surg Endosc 2007; 21: 97–102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demartines N, von Flue MO, Harder FH. Transanal endoscopic microsurgical excision of rectal tumors: Indications and results. World J Surg 2001; 25: 870–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Borschitz T, Heintz A, Junginger T The influence of histopathologic criteria on the long-term prognosis of locally excised pT1 rectal carcinomas: Results of local excision (Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery) and immediate reoperation. Dis Colon Rectum 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Mentges B, Buess G, Effinger G, Manncke K, Becker HD. Indications and results of local treatment of rectal cancer. Br J Surg 1997; 84: 348–51
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bretagnol F, Merrie A, George B, Warren BF, Mortensen NJ. Local excision of rectal tumours by transanal endoscopic microsurgery. Br J Surg 2007; 94: 627–33
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stipa F, Burza A, Lucandri G, Ferri M, Pigazzi A, Ziparo V, et al. Outcomes for early rectal cancer managed with transanal endoscopic microsurgery: A 5-year follow-up study. Surg Endosc 2006; 20: 541–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stipa F, Lucandri G, Ferri M, Casula G, Ziparo V. Local excision of rectal cancer with transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM). Anticancer Res 2004; 24(2C)1167–72
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Floyd ND, Saclarides TJ. Transanal endoscopic microsurgical resection of pT1 rectal tumors. Dis Colon Rectum 2006; 49: 164–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Endreseth BH, Wibe A, Svinsas M, Marvik R, Myrvold HE. Postoperative morbidity and recurrence after local excision of rectal adenomas and rectal cancer by transanal endoscopic microsurgery. Colorectal Dis 2005; 7: 133–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitehouse PA, Armitage JN, Tilney HS, Simson JN. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery: Local recurrence rate following resection of rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2008; 10: 187–93
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ganai S, Kanumuri P, Rao RS, Alexander AI. Local recurrence after transanal endoscopic microsurgery for rectal polyps and early cancers. Ann Surg Oncol 2006; 13: 547–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith LE, Ko ST, Saclarides T, Caushaj P, Orkin BA, Khanduja KS. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery. Initial registry results. Dis Colon Rectum 1996; 39(10 Suppl)S79–S84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dafnis G, Pahlman L, Raab Y, Gustafsson UM, Graf W. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery: Clinical and functional results. Colorectal Dis 2004; 6: 336–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Duek SD, Krausz MM, Hershko DD. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery for rectal cancer. Isr Med Assoc J 2005; 7: 435–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Graaf EJ, Doornebosch PG, Stassen LP, Debets JM, Tetteroo GW, Hop WC. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery for rectal cancer. Eur J Cancer 2002; 38: 904–10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lips EH, de Graaf EJ, Tollenaar RA, van Eijk R, Oosting J, Szuhai K, et al. Single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis of chromosomal instability patterns discriminates rectal adenomas from carcinomas. J Pathol 2007; 212: 269–77
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lips EH, van Eijk R, de Graaf EJ, Doornebosch PG, de Miranda NF, Oosting J, et al. Progression and tumor heterogeneity analysis in early rectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14: 772–81
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bipat S, Glas AS, Slors FJ, Zwinderman AH, Bossuyt PM, Stoker J. Rectal cancer: Local staging and assessment of lymph node involvement with endoluminal US, CT, and MR imaging–a meta-analysis. Radiology 2004; 232: 773–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doornebosch PG, Bronkhorst PJ, Hop WC, Bode WA, Sing AK, de Graaf EJ. The role of endorectal ultrasound in therapeutic decision-making for local vs. transabdominal resection of rectal tumors. Dis Colon Rectum 2008; 51: 38–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermanek P, Gall FP. Early (microinvasive) colorectal carcinoma. Pathology, diagnosis, surgical treatment. Int J Colorectal Dis 1986; 1: 79–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nascimbeni R, Burgart LJ, Nivatvongs S, Larson DR. Risk of lymph node metastasis in T1 carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Dis Colon Rectum 2002; 45: 200–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron PL, Enker WE, Zakowski MF, Urmacher C. Immediate vs. salvage resection after local treatment for early rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 1995; 38(2)177–81
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koh DM, Brown G, Temple L, Raja A, Toomey P, Bett N, et al. Rectal cancer: Mesorectal lymph nodes at MR imaging with USPIO versus histopathologic findings–initial observations. Radiology 2004; 231: 91–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lahaye MJ, Engelen SM, Kessels AG, de Bruine AP, von Meyenfeldt MF, van Engelshoven JM, et al. USPIO-enhanced MR imaging for nodal staging in patients with primary rectal cancer: Predictive criteria. Radiology 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Hahnloser D, Wolff BG, Larson DW, Ping J, Nivatvongs S. Immediate radical resection after local excision of rectal cancer: An oncologic compromise?. Dis Colon Rectum 2005; 48: 429–37
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weiser MR, Landmann RG, Wong WD, Shia J, Guillem JG, Temple LK, et al. Surgical salvage of recurrent rectal cancer after transanal excision. Dis Colon Rectum 2005; 48: 1169–75
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paty PB, Nash GM, Baron P, Zakowski M, Minsky BD, Blumberg D, et al. Long-term results of local excision for rectal cancer. Ann Surg 2002;236:522–29; Discussion 529–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madbouly KM, Remzi FH, Erkek BA, Senagore AJ, Baeslach CM, Khandwala F, et al. Recurrence after transanal excision of T1 rectal cancer: Should we be concerned? Dis Colon Rectum 2005;48:711–9; Discussion 719–21.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gerard JP, Conroy T, Bonnetain F, Bouche O, Chapet O, Closon-Dejardin MT, et al. Preoperative radiotherapy with or without concurrent fluorouracil and leucovorin in T3-4 rectal cancers: Results of FFCD 9203. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 4620–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bujko K, Nowacki MP, Nasierowska-Guttmejer A, Michalski W, Bebenek M, Kryj M. Long-term results of a randomized trial comparing preoperative short-course radiotherapy with preoperative conventionally fractionated chemoradiation for rectal cancer. Br J Surg 2006; 93: 1215–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klautke G, Kuchenmeister U, Foitzik T, Ludwig K, Prall F, Klar E, et al. Concurrent chemoradiation with capecitabine and weekly irinotecan as preoperative treatment for rectal cancer: Results from a phase I/II study. Br J Cancer 2006; 94: 976–81
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mohiuddin M, Winter K, Mitchell E, Hanna N, Yuen A, Nichols C, et al. Randomized phase II study of neoadjuvant combined-modality chemoradiation for distal rectal cancer: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Trial 0012. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24: 650–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodel C, Liersch T, Hermann RM, Arnold D, Reese T, Hipp M, et al. Multicenter phase II trial of chemoradiation with oxaliplatin for rectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25: 110–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodel C, Martus P, Papadoupolos T, Fuzesi L, Klimpfinger M, Fietkau R, et al. Prognostic significance of tumor regression after preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 8688–96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lezoche E, Guerrieri M, Paganini AM, D'Ambrosio G, Baldarelli M, Lezoche G, et al. Transanal endoscopic versus total mesorectal laparoscopic resections of T2-N0 low rectal cancers after neoadjuvant treatment: A prospective randomized trial with a 3-years minimum follow-up period. Surg Endosc 2005; 19: 751–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Habr-Gama A, Perez RO, Nadalin W, Sabbaga J, Ribeiro U, Jr, Silva e Sousa AH, Jr, et al. Operative versus nonoperative treatment for stage 0 distal rectal cancer following chemoradiation therapy: Long-term results. Ann Surg 2004;240:711–7; Discussion 717–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nascimbeni R, Nivatvongs S, Larson DR, Burgart LJ. Long-term survival after local excision for T1 carcinoma of the rectum. Dis Colon Rectum 2004; 47: 1773–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Landmann RG, Wong WD, Hoepfl J, Shia J, Guillem JG, Temple LK, et al. Limitations of early rectal cancer nodal staging may explain failure after local excision. Dis Colon Rectum 2007; 50: 1520–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar