References
- Breivik H, Collett B, Ventafridda V, et al. Survey of chronic pain in Europe: prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment. Eur J Pain 2006;10:287-333
- Sprangers MA, de Regt EB, Andries F, et al. Which chronic conditions are associated with better or poorer quality of life? J Clin Epidemiol 2000;53:895-907
- Staff DT. 2009 Top 200 generic drugs by total prescriptions. Drug Topics 2010. Available at: http://drugtopics.modernmedicine.com/ [Last accessed 10 February 2011]
- McGettigan P, Henry D. Use of non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs that elevate cardiovascular risk: an examination of sales and essential medicines lists in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. PloS Med 2013;10:e1001388
- Hernández-Diaz S, García Rodriguez LA. Association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding and perforation: an overview of epidemiological studies published in the 1990s. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:2093-9
- Allison MC, Howatson AG, Torrance CJ, et al. Gastrointestinal damage associated with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. N Engl J Med 1992;327:749-54
- Lanas A, Serrano P, Bajador E, et al. Evidence of aspirin use in both upper and lower gastrointestinal perforation. Gastroenterology 1997;112:683-9
- Goldstein JL, Eisen GM, Lewis B, et al. Video capsule endoscopy to prospectively assess small bowel injury with celecoxib, naproxen plus omeprazole, and placebo. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;3:133-41
- Henry D, Page J, Whyte I, et al. Consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the development of functional renal impairment in elderly subjects. Results of a case–control study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1997;44:85-90
- Griffin MR, Yared A, Ray WA. Nonsteroidal antiinflamatory drugs and acute renal failure in elderly persons. Am J Epidemiol 2000;151:488-96
- Coxib and traditional NSAID Trialists’ (CNT) Collaboration; Bhala N, Emberson J, Merhi A, et al. Vascular and upper gastrointestinal effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: meta-analyses of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet 2013;382:769-79
- Arfè A, Scotti L, Varas-Lorenzo C, et al. Safety of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (SOS) Project Consortium. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of heart failure in four European countries: nested case–control study. BMJ 2016;354:i4857
- Garcia Rodriguez LA, Hernandez-Diaz S. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as a trigger of clinical heart failure. Epidemiology 2003;14:240-6
- Schnitzer TJ, Burmester GR, Mysler E, et al.; TARGET Study Group. Comparison of lumiracoxib with naproxen and ibuprofen in the Therapeutic Arthritis Research and Gastrointestinal Event Trial (TARGET), reduction in ulcer complications: randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2004;364:665-74
- Laine L, Curtis SP, Cryer B, et al.; MEDAL Steering Committee. Assessment of upper gastrointestinal safety of etoricoxib and diclofenac in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis in the Multinational Etoricoxib and Diclofenac Arthritis Long-term (MEDAL) programme: a randomised comparison. Lancet 2007;369:465-73
- Singh G, Fort JG, Goldstein JL, et al.; SUCCESS-I Investigators. Celecoxib versus naproxen and diclofenac in osteoarthritis patients: SUCCESS-I study. Am J Med 2006;119:255-66
- Bombardier C, Laine L, Reicin A, et al.; VIGOR Study Group. Comparison of upper gastrointestinal toxicity of rofecoxib and naproxen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1520-8
- Silverstein FE, Faich G, Goldstein JL, et al. Gastrointestinal toxicity with celecoxib vs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: the CLASS study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2000;284:1247-55
- Langman MJ, Jensen DM, Watson DJ, et al. Adverse upper gastrointestinal effects of rofecoxib compared with NSAIDs. JAMA 1999;282:1929-33
- Goldstein JL, Silverstein FE, Agrawal NM, et al. Reduced risk of upper gastrointestinal ulcer complications with celecoxib, a novel COX-2 inhibitor. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:1681-90
- Edwards JE, McQuay HJ, Moore RA. Efficacy and safety of valdecoxib for treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Pain 2004;111:286-96
- Goldstein JL, Eisen GM, Agrawal N, et al. Reduced incidence of upper gastrointestinal ulcer complications with the COX-2 selective inhibitor, valdecoxib. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20:527-38
- Moore RA, Derry S, Makinson GT, McQuay HJ. Tolerability and adverse events in clinical trials of celecoxib in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of information from clinical trial reports. Arthritis Res Ther 2005;7:R644-65
- Lanza FL, Chan FK, Quigley EM; Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Guidelines for prevention of NSAID-related ulcer complications. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104:728-38
- Lanas A, Benito P, Alonso J, et al.; Spanish Society of Rheumatology; Spanish Association of Gastroenterology; Spanish Society of Cardiology. Safe prescription recommendations for non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: consensus document elaborated by nominated experts of three scientific associations (SER-SEC-AEG). Reumatol Clin 2014;10:68-84
- Hooper L, Brown TJ, Elliott R, et al. The effectiveness of five strategies for the prevention of gastrointestinal toxicity induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: systematic review. BMJ 2004;329:948
- Marjoribanks J, Proctor M, Farquhar C, Derks RS. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs for dysmenorrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;1:CD001751
- Roelofs PD, Deyo RA, Koes BW, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;1:CD000396
- British National Formulary, 52nd edn. London (UK): British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 2005:513-22
- Conaghan PG. A turbulent decade for NSAIDs: update on current concepts of classification, epidemiology, comparative efficacy, and toxicity. Rheumatol Int 2012;32:1491-1502
- French DP, James DH. Reasons for the use of mild analgesics among English students. Pharm World Sci 2008;30:79-85
- Moore N, Van Ganse E, Le Parc JM, et al. The PAIN study: Paracetamol, Aspirin and Ibuprofen New Tolerability Study. A large scale randomised clinical trial comparing the tolerability of aspirin, ibuprofen and paracetamol for shortterm analgesia. Clin Drug Invest 1999;18:89-98
- Lanas A, McCarthy D, Voelker M, et al. Short-term acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) use for pain, fever, or colds: gastrointestinal adverse effects. Drugs R D 2011;11:277-88
- Van Ganse E, Jones JK, Moore N, et al. A large simple clinical trial prototype for assessment of OTC drug effects using patient-reported data. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2005;14:249-55
- Rampal P, Moore N, Van Ganse E, et al. Gastrointestinal tolerability of ibuprofen compared with paracetamol and aspirin at over-the-counter doses. J Int Med Res 2002;30:301-8
- Chan AT, Manson JE, Albert CM, et al. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, acetaminophen, and the risk of cardiovascular events. Circulation 2006;113:1578-87
- van den Hondel KE, Eijgelsheim M, Ruiter R, et al. Effect of shortterm NSAID use on echocardiographic parameters in elderly people: a population-based cohort study. Heart 2011;97:540-3
- Stosic R, Dunagan F, Palmer H, et al. Responsible self-medication: perceived risks and benefits of over-the-counter analgesic use. Int J Pharm Pract 2011;19:236-45
- Wilcox CM, Cryer B, Triadafilopoulos G. Patterns of use and public perception of over-the-counter pain relievers: focus on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Rheumatol 2005;32:2218-24
- Koffeman AR, Valkhoff VE, Celik S, et al. High-risk use of over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a population-based cross-sectional study. Br J Gen Pract 2014 Apr;64(621):e191–8
- Laporte JR, Ibanez L, Vidal X, et al. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding associated with the use of NSAIDs: newer versus older agents. Drug Saf 2004;27:411-20
- Lanas A, Bajador E, Serrano P, et al. Nitrovasodilators, low-dose aspirin, other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, and the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. N Engl J Med 2000;343:834-9