Factors associated with early initiation of disease-modifying drug treatment in newly-diagnosed patients with multiple sclerosis

References

• Compston A, Coles A. Multiple sclerosis. Lancet 2002;359:1221-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dendrou CA, Fugger L, Friese MA. Immunopathology of multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Immunol 2015;15:545-58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grigoriadis N, van Pesch V. A basic overview of multiple sclerosis immunopathology. Eur J Neurol 2015;22(Suppl 2):3-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dilokthornsakul P, Valuck RJ, Nair KV, et al. Multiple sclerosis prevalence in the United States commercially insured population. Neurology 2016;86:1014-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atlas of MS 2013 [Internet]. Multiple Sclerosis International Federation; 2016. London, United Kingdom. Available at: http://www.msif.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Atlas-of-MS.pdf. [Last accessed 22 February 2016]
   Google Scholar
• Kister I, Bacon TE, Chamot E, et al. Natural history of multiple sclerosis symptoms. Int J MS Care 2013;15:146-58
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scolding N, Barnes D, Cader S, et al. Association of British Neurologists: revised (2015) guidelines for prescribing disease-modifying treatments in multiple sclerosis. Pract Neurol 2015;15:273-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Torkildsen O, Myhr KM, Bo L. Disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis - a review of approved medications. Eur J Neurol 2016;23(Suppl 1):18-27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duquette P, Giacomini PS, Bhan V, et al. Balancing early aggression against risk of progression in multiple sclerosis. Can J Neurol Sci 2016;43:33-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noyes K, Weinstock-Guttman B. Impact of diagnosis and early treatment on the course of multiple sclerosis. Am J Manag Care 2013;19(17 Suppl):s321-s331
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kappos L, Traboulsee A, Constantinescu C, et al. Long-term subcutaneous interferon beta-1a therapy in patients with relapsing-remitting MS. Neurology 2006;67:944-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodin DS, Reder AT, Ebers GC, et al. Survival in MS: a randomized cohort study 21 years after the start of the pivotal IFN beta-1b trial. Neurology 2012;78:1315-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodin DS, Ebers GC, Cutter G, et al. Cause of death in MS: long-term follow-up of a randomised cohort, 21 years after the start of the pivotal IFNbeta-1b study. BMJ Open 2012:2:e001972
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butzkueven H, Kappos L, Pellegrini F, et al. Efficacy and safety of natalizumab in multiple sclerosis: interim observational programme results. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014;85:1190-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen JA, Khatri B, Barkhof F, et al. Long-term (up to 4.5 years) treatment with fingolimod in multiple sclerosis: results from the extension of the randomised TRANSFORMS study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016;87:468-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford CC, Johnson KP, Lisak RP, et al. A prospective open-label study of glatiramer acetate: over a decade of continuous use in multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler 2006;12:309-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gold R, Arnold DL, Bar-Or A, et al. Long-term effects of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis: Interim analysis of ENDORSE, a randomized extension study. Mult Scler 2017;23:253-65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kieseier BC, Arnold DL, Balcer LJ, et al. Peginterferon beta-1a in multiple sclerosis: 2-year results from ADVANCE. Mult Scler 2015;21:1025-35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuohy O, Costelloe L, Hill-Cawthorne G, et al. Alemtuzumab treatment of multiple sclerosis: long-term safety and efficacy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2015;86:208-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freedman MS, Selchen D, Arnold DL, et al. Treatment optimization in MS: Canadian MS Working Group updated recommendations. Can J Neurol Sci 2013;40:307-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Merino A, Fernandez O, Montalban X, et al. Consensus statement on medication use in multiple sclerosis by the Spanish Society of Neurology’s study group for demyelinating diseases. Neurologia 2013;28:375-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The use of disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: principles and current evidence [Internet]. Multiple Sclerosis Coalition; 2015. Hackensack, NJ, USA. Available at: http://www.nationalmssociety.org/getmedia/5ca284d3-fc7c-4ba5-b005-ab537d495c3c/DMT_Consensus_MS_Coalition_color. [Last accessed 1 March 2016]
   Google Scholar
• Yamout B, Alroughani R, Al-Jumah M, et al. Consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis: the Middle East North Africa Committee for Treatment and Research In Multiple Sclerosis (MENACTRIMS). Curr Med Res Opin 2015;31:1349-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margolis JM, Fowler R, Johnson BH, et al. Disease-modifying drug initiation patterns in commercially insured multiple sclerosis patients: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Neurol 2011;11:122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asche CV, Singer ME, Jhaveri M, et al. All-cause health care utilization and costs associated with newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis in the United States. J Manag Care Pharm 2010;16:703-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comi G, De Stefano N, Freedman MS, et al. Comparison of two dosing frequencies of subcutaneous interferon beta-1a in patients with a first clinical demyelinating event suggestive of multiple sclerosis (REFLEX): a phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2012;11:33-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kappos L, Polman CH, Freedman MS, et al. Treatment with interferon beta-1b delays conversion to clinically definite and McDonald MS in patients with clinically isolated syndromes. Neurology 2006;67:1242-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deyo RA, Cherkin DC, Ciol MA. Adapting a clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9-CM administrative databases. J Clin Epidemiol 1992;45:613-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grytten N, Aarseth JH, Espeset K, et al. Stoppers and non-starters of disease-modifying treatment in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 2013;127:133-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quan H, Sundararajan V, Halfon P, et al. Coding algorithms for defining comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 administrative data. Med Care 2005;43:1130-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munsell M, Frean M, Menzin J, et al. Development and validation of a claims-based measure as an indicator for disease status in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with disease-modifying drugs. BMC Neurol 2017;17:106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang T, Tremlett H, Leung S, et al. Examining the effects of comorbidities on disease-modifying therapy use in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2016;86:1287-95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar