Biomechanical assessment of gastrocnemii and Achilles tendon using MyotonPRO: in vivo measurements, and preliminary in situ measurements using formalin-fixed tissues

References

• Bojsen-Moller J, Magnusson SP. Mechanical properties, physiological behavior, and function of aponeurosis and tendon. J Appl Physiol. 2019;126(6):1800–1807. 1985. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00671.2018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finni T. Structural and functional features of human muscle-tendon unit. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2006;16(3):147–158. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.00494.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lima K, Costa Junior JFS, Pereira WCA, Oliveira LF. Assessment of the mechanical properties of the muscle-tendon unit by supersonic shear wave imaging elastography: a review. Ultrasonography. 2018;37(1):3–15. doi: 10.14366/usg.17017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eby SF, Cloud BA, Brandenburg JE, Giambini H, Song P, Chen S, LeBrasseur NK, An KN. Shear wave elastography of passive skeletal muscle stiffness: influences of sex and age throughout adulthood. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2015;30:22–27. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2014.11.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maganaris CN. Tensile properties of in vivo human tendinous tissue. J Biomech. 2002;35(8):1019–1027. doi:10.1016/S0021-9290(02)00047-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stenroth L, Peltonen J, Cronin NJ, Sipila S, Finni T. Age-related differences in Achilles tendon properties and triceps surae muscle architecture in vivo. J Appl Physiol. 2012;113:1537–1544. 1985. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00782.2012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shan X, Otsuka S, Yakura T, Naito M, Nakano T, Kawakami Y, Wang JH-C. Morphological and mechanical properties of the human triceps surae aponeuroses taken from elderly cadavers: implications for muscle-tendon interactions. PloS One. 2019;14(2):e0211485. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0211485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin DC, Medri MK, Chow RS, Oxorn V, Leekam RN, Agur AM, McKee NH. Comparing human skeletal muscle architectural parameters of cadavers with in vivo ultrasonographic measurements. J Anat. 2001;199(4):429–434. doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19940429.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Otsuka S, Shan X, Yoshida K, Yakura T, Naito M, Kawakami Y. Site dependent elastic property of human iliotibial band and the effect of hip and knee joint angle configuration. J Biomech. 2020;109:109919. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109919
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan-Ae-Loh P, Danginthawat P, Huanmanop T, Agthong S, Chentanez V. Surface localisation of master knot of Henry, in situ and ex vivo length of flexor hallucis longus tendon: pertinent data for tendon harvesting and transfer. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2021;80(2):415–424. doi:10.5603/FM.a2020.0045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatta T, Giambini H, Itoigawa Y, Hooke AW, Sperling JW, Steinmann SP, Itoi E, An KN. Quantifying extensibility of rotator cuff muscle with tendon rupture using shear wave elastography: a cadaveric study. J Biomech. 2017;61:131–136. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.07.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raiteri BJ, Hug F, Cresswell AG, Lichtwark GA. Quantification of muscle co-contraction using supersonic shear wave imaging. J Biomech. 2016;49(3):493–495. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.12.039.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shan X, Otsuka S, Li L, Kawakami Y. Inhomogeneous and anisotropic mechanical properties of the triceps surae muscles and aponeuroses in vivo during submaximal muscle contraction. J Biomech. 2021;121:110396. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110396
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aird L, Samuel D, Stokes M. Quadriceps muscle tone, elasticity and stiffness in older males: reliability and symmetry using the MyotonPRO. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2012;55(2):e31–39. doi:10.1016/j.archger.2012.03.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bizzini M, Mannion AF. Reliability of a new, hand-held device for assessing skeletal muscle stiffness. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2003;18:459–461. doi:10.1016/S0268-0033(03)00042-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz-Montecinos C, Antunez-Riveros MA, Tapia C, Diaz F, Paulsen-Donoso T, Zunino-Gomez JP, Nunez-Cortes R, Andersen LL, Mendez-Rebolledo G, Calatayud J. Gender differences on effects of forearm rotation on compressive stiffness of flexor carpi ulnaris during submaximal handgrip contractions. J Anat. 2023. doi:10.1111/joa.13914.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng YN, Li YP, Liu CL, Zhang ZJ. Assessing the elastic properties of skeletal muscle and tendon using shearwave ultrasound elastography and MyotonPRO. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):17064. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-34719-7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pruyn EC, Watsford ML, Murphy AJ. Validity and reliability of three methods of stiffness assessment. J Sport Health Sci. 2016;5(4):476–483. doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2015.12.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee Y, Kim M, Lee H. The measurement of stiffness for Major muscles with shear wave elastography and Myoton: a Quantitative analysis study. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021;11(3):11. doi:10.3390/diagnostics11030524.
   Google Scholar
• Garcia-Bernal MI, Heredia-Rizo AM, Gonzalez-Garcia P, Cortes-Vega MD, Casuso-Holgado MJ. Validity and reliability of myotonometry for assessing muscle viscoelastic properties in patients with stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):5062. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-84656-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mencel J, Jaskolska A, Marusiak J, Kisiel-Sajewicz K, Siemiatycka M, Kaminski L, Jaskolski A. Effect of gender, muscle type and skinfold thickness on myometric parameters in young people. PeerJ. 2021;9:e12367. doi:10.7717/peerj.12367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen AP, Detrembleur C, Fisette P, Selves C, Mahaudens P. MyotonPro is a valid device for assessing wrist biomechanical stiffness in healthy young adults. Front Sports Act Living. 2022;4:797975. doi:10.3389/fspor.2022.797975
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roch M, Morin M, Gaudreault N. The MyotonPRO: a reliable tool for quantifying the viscoelastic properties of a trigger point on the infraspinatus in non-traumatic chronic shoulder pain. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2020;24(4):379–385. doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.05.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orner S, Kratzer W, Schmidberger J, Gruner B. Quantitative tissue parameters of Achilles tendon and plantar fascia in healthy subjects using a handheld myotonometer. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2018;22(1):105–111. doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.06.015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koo TK, Li MY. A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. J Chiropr Med. 2016;15(2):155–163. doi:10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopkins WG. Measures of reliability in Sports Medicine and science. Sports Med. 2000;30:1–15. doi:10.2165/00007256-200030010-00001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ericson Morgan G, Martin R, Welch H. Quantitative weight bearing and non-weight bearing measures of stiffness in the Achilles tendon and gastrocnemius muscle. Muscle Ligaments And Tendons J 10. 2020;10(1):100. doi:10.32098/mltj.01.2020.14.
   Google Scholar
• Huang J, Qin K, Tang C, Zhu Y, Klein CS, Zhang Z, Liu C. Assessment of passive stiffness of medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius muscle, achilles tendon, and plantar fascia at different ankle and knee positions using the MyotonPRO. Med Sci Monit. 2018;24:7570–7576. doi:10.12659/MSM.909550
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen G, Wu J, Chen G, Lu Y, Ren W, Xu W, Xu X, Wu Z, Guan Y, Zheng Y, Qiu B, Oyeyemi AL. Reliability of a portable device for quantifying tone and stiffness of quadriceps femoris and patellar tendon at different knee flexion angles. PloS One. 2019;14(7):e0220521. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0220521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson MJ, Bryant AL, Bower WF, Frawley HC. Myotonometry reliably measures muscle stiffness in the thenar and perineal muscles. Physiother Can. 2017;69(2):104–112. doi:10.3138/ptc.2015-85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilke H-J, Krischak S, Claes LE. Formalin fixation strongly influences biomechanical properties of the spine. J Biomech. 1996;29(12):1629–1631. doi:10.1016/S0021-9290(96)80016-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ling Y, Li C, Feng K, Duncan R, Eisma R, Huang Z, Nabi G. Effects of fixation and preservation on tissue elastic properties measured by quantitative optical coherence elastography (OCE). J Biomech. 2016;49(7):1009–1015. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.02.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hohmann E, Keough N, Glatt V, Tetsworth K, Putz R, Imhoff A. The mechanical properties of fresh versus fresh/frozen and preserved (Thiel and formalin) long head of biceps tendons: a cadaveric investigation. Ann Anat. 2019;221:186–191. doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2018.05.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• John DC, Brear K, Zioupos P, Reilly GC. Effect of formaldehyde fixation on some mechanical properties of bovine bone. Biomaterials. 1995;16(16):1267–1271. doi:10.1016/0142-9612(95)98135-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murat SA, Recep K, Fidan AF. Preservation of muscle tissue with a formaldehyde-free borax solution for gross anatomy lessons. World J Adv Res Rev. 2022;16:390–395. doi:10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.3.1341
   Google Scholar
• Ackerman JE, Bah I, Jonason JH, Buckley MR, Loiselle AE. Aging does not alter tendon mechanical properties during homeostasis, but does impair flexor tendon healing. J Orthop Res. 2017;35(12):2716–2724. doi:10.1002/jor.23580.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Svensson RB, Heinemeier KM, Couppe C, Kjaer M, Magnusson SP. Effect of aging and exercise on the tendon. J Appl Physiol. 2016;121:1237–1246. 1985. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00328.2016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes A, Easton K, Devanaboyina PT, Wu JP, Kirk TB, Lloyd D. A review of methods to measure tendon dimensions. J Orthop Surg Res. 2019;14(1):18. doi:10.1186/s13018-018-1056-y.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar