Smoking as a product of gene–environment interaction

References

• Slama K. Global perspective on tobacco control. Part I. The global state of the tobacco epidemic. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2008; 12: 3–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arinami T, Ishiguro H, Onaivi ES. Polymorphisms in genes involved in neurotransmission in relation to smoking. Eur J Pharmacol. 2000; 410: 215–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• True WR, Heath AC, Scherrer JF, Waterman B, Goldberg J, Lin N, et al. Genetic and environmental contributions to smoking. Addiction. 1997; 92: 1277–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmelli D, Swan GE, Robinette D, Fabsitz R. Genetic influence on smoking–-a study of male twins. N Engl J Med. 1992; 327: 829–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batra V, Patkar AA, Berrettini WH, Weinstein SP, Leone FT. The genetic determinants of smoking. Chest. 2003; 123: 1730–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sullivan PF, Kendler KS. The genetic epidemiology of smoking. Nicotine Tob Res. 1999;1 Suppl 2:S51–7; discussion S69–70.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heils A, Teufel A, Petri S, Seemann M, Bengel D, Balling U, et al. Functional promoter and polyadenylation site mapping of the human serotonin (5-HT) transporter gene. J Neural Transm Gen Sect. 1995; 102: 247–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collier DA, Stober G, Li T, Heils A, Catalano M, Di Bella D, et al. A novel functional polymorphism within the promoter of the serotonin transporter gene: possible role in susceptibility to affective disorders. Mol Psychiatry. 1996; 1: 453–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesch KP, Bengel D, Heils A, Sabol SZ, Greenberg BD, Petri S, et al. Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region. Science. 1996; 274: 1527–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishikawa H, Ohtsuki T, Ishiguro H, Yamakawa-Kobayashi K, Endo K, Lin YL, et al. Association between serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and smoking among Japanese males. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1999; 8: 831–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kremer I, Bachner-Melman R, Reshef A, Broude L, Nemanov L, Gritsenko I, et al. Association of the serotonin transporter gene with smoking behavior. Am J Psychiatry. 2005; 162: 924–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerra G, Garofano L, Zaimovic A, Moi G, Branchi B, Bussandri M, et al. Association of the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism with smoking behavior among adolescents. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2005; 135: 73–8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerman C, Shields PG, Audrain J, Main D, Cobb B, Boyd NR, et al. The role of the serotonin transporter gene in cigarette smoking. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1998; 7: 253–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trummer O, Koppel H, Wascher TC, Grunbacher G, Gutjahr M, Stanger O, et al. The serotonin transporter gene polymorphism is not associated with smoking behavior. Pharmacogenomics J. 2006; 6: 397–400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munafo MR, Clark T, Flint J. Does measurement instrument moderate the association between the serotonin transporter gene and anxiety-related personality traits? A meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry. 2005; 10: 415–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiFranza JR, Guerrera MP. Alcoholism and smoking. J Stud Alcohol. 1990; 51: 130–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Loughlin J, DiFranza J, Tyndale RF, Meshefedjian G, McMillan-Davey E, Clarke PB, et al. Nicotine-dependence symptoms are associated with smoking frequency in adolescents. Am J Prev Med. 2003; 25: 219–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slotkin TA. Nicotine and the adolescent brain: insights from an animal model. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2002; 24: 369–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennings EC, Kiss JP, Vizi ES. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist effect of fluoxetine in rat hippocampal slices. Brain Res. 1997; 759: 292–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caspi A, Sugden K, Moffitt TE, Taylor A, Craig IW, Harrington H, et al. Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science. 2003; 301: 386–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eley TC, Sugden K, Corsico A, Gregory AM, Sham P, McGuffin P, et al. Gene-environment interaction analysis of serotonin system markers with adolescent depression. Mol Psychiatry. 2004; 9: 908–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjoberg RL, Nilsson KW, Nordquist N, Ohrvik J, Leppert J, Lindstrom L, et al. Development of depression: sex and the interaction between environment and a promoter polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2006; 9: 443–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foley DL, Eaves LJ, Wormley B, Silberg JL, Maes HH, et al. Childhood adversity, monoamine oxidase a genotype, and risk for conduct disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004; 61: 738–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caspi A, McClay J, Moffitt TE, Mill J, Martin J, Craig IW, et al. Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children. Science. 2002; 297: 851–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson KW, Sjoberg RL, Damberg M, Leppert J, Ohrvik J, Alm PO, et al. Role of monoamine oxidase A genotype and psychosocial factors in male adolescent criminal activity. Biol Psychiatry. 2006; 59: 121–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim-Cohen J, Caspi A, Taylor A, Williams B, Newcombe R, Craig IW, et al. MAOA, maltreatment, and gene-environment interaction predicting children's mental health: new evidence and a meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry. 2006; 11: 903–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerer E, Kanyas K, Karni O, Ebstein RP, Lerer B. Why do young women smoke? II. Role of traumatic life experience, psychological characteristics and serotonergic genes. Mol Psychiatry. 2006; 11: 771–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson KW. Gene-environment interaction in adolescent deviant behaviour. Uppsala University, Uppsala 2006
   Google Scholar
• Kronstrand R, Nystrom I, Strandberg J, Druid H. Screening for drugs of abuse in hair with ion spray LC-MS-MS. Forensic Sci Int. 2004; 145: 183–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson KW, Sjoberg RL, Damberg M, Alm PO, Ohrvik J, Leppert J, et al. Role of the serotonin transporter gene and family function in adolescent alcohol consumption. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2005; 29: 564–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson KW, Sjoberg RL, Wargelius HL, Leppert J, Lindstrom L, Oreland L. The monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) gene, family function and maltreatment as predictors of destructive behaviour during male adolescent alcohol consumption. Addiction. 2007; 102: 389–98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prokhorov AV, De Moor C, Pallonen UE, Hudmon KS, Koehly L, Hu S. Validation of the modified Fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire with salivary cotinine among adolescents. Addict Behav. 2000; 25: 429–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etter JF, Pelissolo A, Pomerleau C, De Saint-Hilaire Z. Associations between smoking and heritable temperament traits. Nicotine Tob Res. 2003; 5: 401–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Currie C, Hurrelmann K, Settertobulte W, Smith R, Todd J. Health and health behaviour among young people. WHO Policy Series: Health policy for children and adolescents Issue 1. International report. Copenhagen: World Health Organization; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Hitsman B, Spring B, Pingitore R, Munafo M, Hedeker D. Effect of tryptophan depletion on the attentional salience of smoking cues. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2007; 192: 317–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hariri AR, Drabant EM, Weinberger DR. Imaging genetics: perspectives from studies of genetically driven variation in serotonin function and corticolimbic affective processing. Biol Psychiatry. 2006; 59: 888–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barr CS, Newman TK, Schwandt M, Shannon C, Dvoskin RL, Lindell SG, et al. Sexual dichotomy of an interaction between early adversity and the serotonin transporter gene promoter variant in rhesus macaques. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004; 101: 12358–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barr CS, Newman TK, Shannon C, Parker C, Dvoskin RL, Becker ML, et al. Rearing condition and rh5-HTTLPR interact to influence limbic-hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to stress in infant macaques. Biol Psychiatry. 2004; 55: 733–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett AJ, Lesch KP, Heils A, Long JC, Lorenz JG, Shoaf SE, et al. Early experience and serotonin transporter gene variation interact to influence primate CNS function. Mol Psychiatry. 2002; 7: 118–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandel ER. A new intellectual framework for psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry. 1998; 155: 457–69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cloninger CR. Feeling good: the science of well-being. Oxford University Press, Inc, New York 2004
   Google Scholar
• Bradley SL, Dodelzon K, Sandhu HK, Philibert RA. Relationship of serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms and haplotypes to mRNA transcription. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2005; 136: 58–61
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philibert R, Madan A, Andersen A, Cadoret R, Packer H, Sandhu H. Serotonin transporter mRNA levels are associated with the methylation of an upstream CpG island. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2007; 144: 101–5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comings DE. Why different rules are required for polygenic inheritance: lessons from studies of the DRD2 gene. Alcohol. 1998; 16: 61–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comings DE. Molecular heterosis as the explanation for the controversy about the effect of the DRD2 gene on dopamine D2 receptor density. Mol Psychiatry. 1999; 4: 213–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comings DE, MacMurray JP. Molecular heterosis: a review. Mol Genet Metab. 2000; 71: 19–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aston-Jones G, Rajkowski J, Cohen J. Role of locus coeruleus in attention and behavioral flexibility. Biol Psychiatry. 1999; 46: 1309–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Little KY, McLaughlin DP, Zhang L, Livermore CS, Dalack GW, McFinton PR, et al. Cocaine, ethanol, and genotype effects on human midbrain serotonin transporter binding sites and mRNA levels. Am J Psychiatry. 1998; 155: 207–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumeister A, Konstantinidis A, Stastny J, Schwarz MJ, Vitouch O, Willeit M, et al. Association between serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5HTTLPR) and behavioral responses to tryptophan depletion in healthy women with and without family history of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002; 59: 613–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comings DE, MacMurray JP, Gonzalez N, Ferry L, Peters WR. Association of the serotonin transporter gene with serum cholesterol levels and heart disease. Mol Genet Metab. 1999; 67: 248–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sen S, Burmeister M, Ghosh D. Meta-analysis of the association between a serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and anxiety-related personality traits. Am J Med Genet. 2004; 127B: 85–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uher R, McGuffin P. The moderation by the serotonin transporter gene of environmental adversity in the aetiology of mental illness: review and methodological analysis. Mol Psychiatry. 2008; 13: 131–46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Offer D, Kaiz M, Howard KI, Bennett ES. The altering of reported experiences. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000; 39: 735–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widom CS, Weiler BL, Cottler LB. Childhood victimization and drug abuse: a comparison of prospective and retrospective findings. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1999; 67: 867–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjoberg RL, Lindblad F. Limited disclosure of sexual abuse in children whose experiences were documented by videotape. Am J Psychiatry. 2002; 159: 312–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schinka JA, Busch RM, Robichaux-Keene N. A meta-analysis of the association between the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and trait anxiety. Mol Psychiatry. 2004; 9: 197–202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brody CL, Hamer DH, Haaga DA. Depression vulnerability, cigarette smoking, and the serotonin transporter gene. Addict Behav. 2005; 30: 557–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swan GE, Lessov-Schlaggar CN. The effects of tobacco smoke and nicotine on cognition and the brain. Neuropsychol Rev. 2007; 17: 259–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar