A trade-off between early growth rate and fluctuating asymmetry in Brazilian boys

References

• Arcese P. Harem size and horn symmetry in oribi. Anim Behav 1994; 48: 1485–1488
   Google Scholar
• Arendt JD. Adaptive intrinsic growth rates. Q Rev Biol 1997; 72: 149–177
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailit HL, Workman PL, Niswander JD, Maclean JC. Dental asymmetry as an indicator of genetic and environmental conditions in human populations. Hum Biol 1970; 42: 626–638
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker DJP. In utero programming of chronic disease. Clin Sci 1998; 95: 115–128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjorksten T, David P, Pomiankowski A, Fowler K. Fluctuating asymmetry of sexual and nonsexual traits in stalk-eyed flies: A poor indicator of developmental stress and genetic quality. J Evol Biol 2000; 13: 89–97
   Google Scholar
• Bjorksten TA, Pomiankowski A, Fowler K. Temperature shock during early development fails to increase the fluctuating asymmetry of a sexual trait in stalk–eyed flies. Proc R Soc Lond Ser B 2001; 268: 1503–1510
   Google Scholar
• Black TK. An exception to the apparent relationship between stress and fluctuating dental asymmetry. J Dental Res 1980; 59: 1168–1169
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Britten HB. Meta-analyses of the association between multilocus heterozygosity and fitness. Evolution 1996; 50: 2158–2164
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchanan KL, Spencer KA, Goldsmith AR, Catchpole CK. Song as an honest signal of past developmental stress in the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Proc R Soc Lond Ser B 2003; 270: 1149–1156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Côté SD, Festa-Bianchet M. Life-history correlates of horn asymmetry in mountain goats. J Mammal 2001; 82: 389–400
   Google Scholar
• Doyle WJ, Johnston O. On the meaning of increased fluctuating asymmetry: A cross population study. Am J Phys Anthropol 1977; 46: 127–134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flinn MV, Leone DV, Quinlan RJ. Growth and fluctuating asymmetry of stepchildren. Evol Hum Behav 1999; 20: 465–479
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman JV, Cole TJ, Chinn S, Jones PR, White EM, Preece MA. Cross-sectional stature and weight reference curves for the UK, 1990. Arch Dis Child 1995; 73: 17–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gangestad SW, Thornhill R, Yeo RA. Facial attractiveness, developmental instability, and fluctuating asymmetry. Ethol Sociobiol 1994; 15: 73–85
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gest TR, Siegel MI, Anistranski J. The long bones of neonatal rats stressed by cold, heat, and noise exhibit increased fluctuating asymmetry. Growth 1986; 50: 385–389
   Google Scholar
• Harris EF, Nweeia MT. Dental asymmetry as a measure of environmental stress in the Ticuna Indians of Columbia. Am J Phys Anthropol 1980; 53: 133–142
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hendrickx F, Maelfait J-P, Lens L. Relationship between fluctuating asymmetry and fitness withinb and between stressed and unstressed populations of the wolf spider Pirata piraticus. J Evol Biol 2003; 16: 1270–1279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnstone RA. Female preference for symmetrical males as a by-product of selection for mate recognition. Nature 2002; 372: 172–175
   Google Scholar
• Kieser JA. Fluctuating odontometric asymmetry and maternal alcohol consumption. Ann Hum Biol 1992; 19: 513–520
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kieser JA, Groeneveld HT. Effects of prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke on developmental stability of children. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol 1994; 14: 43–47
   Google Scholar
• Kristensen TN, Pertoldi C, Andersen DH, Loeschcke V. The use of fluctuating asymmetry and phenotypic variability as indicators of developmental instability: A test of a new method employing clonal organisms and high temperature stress. Evol Ecol Res 2003; 5: 53–68
   Google Scholar
• Kowner R. Psycholcogical perspective on human developmental stability and fluctuating asymmetry: Sources, applications and implications. Br J Psychol 2001; 92: 447–469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruuk LEB, Slate J, Pemberton JM, Clutton-Brock TH. Fluctuating asymmetry in a secondary sexual trait: No associations with individual fitness, environmental stress or inbreeding, and no heritability. J Evol Biol 2003; 16: 101–113
   Google Scholar
• Lazar L, Pollak U, Kalter-Leibovici O, Pertzelan A, Phillip M. Pubertal course of persistently short children born small for gestational age (SGA) compared with idiopathic short children born appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Eur J Endocrinol 2003; 149: 425–432
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leamy L, Atchley W. Directional selection and developmental stability: Evidence from fluctuating asymmetry of morphometric characters in rats. Growth 1985; 49: 8–18
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lens L, Van Dongen S, Kark S, Matthysen E. Fluctuating asymmetry as an indicator of fitness: Can we bridge the gap between studies. Biol Rev 2002; 77: 27–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ligget A, Harvey I, Manning J. Fluctuating asymmetry in Scatophaga steccocaria: Successful males are more symmetrical. Anim Behav 1993; 45: 1041–1043
   Google Scholar
• Livshits G, Yakovenko K, Kletselman L, Karasik D, Kobyliansky E. Fluctuating asymmetry and morphometric variation of hand bones. Am J Phys Anthropol 1998; 107: 125–136
   Google Scholar
• Lucas A. Programming by early nutrition in man. Ciba Foundation Symposia 1991; 156: 38–50
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lucas A, Fewtrell MS, Cole TJ. Fetal origins of adult disease—the hypothesis revisited. BMJ 1999; 319: 245–249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manning JT, Koukourakis K, Brodie DA. Fluctuating asymmetry, metabolic rate and sexual selection in human males. Evol Hum Behav 1997; 18: 15–21
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manning JT, Scutt D, Lewis-Jones DI. Developmental stability, ejaculate size, and sperm quality in men. Evol Hum Behav 1998; 19: 273–282
   Google Scholar
• McLachlan A, Cant M. Small males are more symmetrical: Mating success in the midge Chironomous plumosus L. (Diptera: Chironomidae). Anim Behav 1995; 50: 841–846
   Google Scholar
• Metcalfe NB, Monaghan P. Compensation for a bad start: Grow now, pay later?. Trends Ecol Evol 2001; 16: 254–259
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Møller AP, Swaddle JP. Developmental stability and evolution. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1997
   Google Scholar
• Møller AP, Thornhill R. A meta-analysis of the heritability of developmental stability. J Evol Biol 1997; 10: 1–16
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Møller AP, Thornhill R. Bilateral symmetry and sexual selection: A meta-analysis. Am Nat 1998; 151: 174–192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nowicki S, Hasselquist D, Bensch S, Peters S. Nestling growth and song repertoire in great reed warblers: Evidence for song learning as an indicator mechanism in mate choice. Proc R Soc Lond Ser B 2000; 267: 2419–2424
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nowicki S, Searcy WA, Peters S. Brain development, song learning and mate choice in birds: A review and experimental test of the ‘nutritional test’ hypothesis. J Comp Physiol 2002; 188: 1003–1014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ong KK, Ahmed ML, Emmett PM, Preece MA, Dunger DB. Association between postnatal catch-up growth and obesity in childhood: Prospective cohort study. BMJ 2000; 320: 967–971
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozanne SE, Hales CN. Lifespan: Catch-up growth and obesity in male mice. Nature 2004; 427: 411–412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer AR. Fluctuating asymmetry analyses: A primer. Developmental instability: Its origins and evolutionary implications. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht 1994; 335–364
   Google Scholar
• Palmer AR, Strobeck C. Fluctuating asymmetry: Measurement, analysis patterns. Annu Rev Ecol System 1986; 17: 391–421
   Google Scholar
• Parson AR. Fluctuating asymmetry: An epigenetic measure of stress. Biol Rev 1990; 65: 131–145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rintamaki P, Alatalo R, Hogland J, Lundberg A. Fluctuating asymmetry and copulation success in lekking black grouse. Anim Behav 1997; 54: 265–269
   Google Scholar
• Simmons LW. Correlates of male quality in the field cricket, Gryllus compestris L.: Age, size and symmetry determine paring success in field populations. Behav Ecol 1995; 6: 376–381
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singhal A, Fewtrell M, Cole TJ, Lucas A. Low nutrient intake and early growth for later insulin resistance in adolescents born preterm. Lancet 2003; 361: 1089–1097
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singhal A, Lucas A. Early origins of cardiovascular disease: Is there a unifying hypothesis?. Lancet 2004; 363: 1642–1645
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stearns SC. The evolution of life histories. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1992
   Google Scholar
• Swaddle JP, Witter MS. Food, feathers and fluctuating asymmetry. Proc R Soc Lond Ser B 1994; 255: 147–152
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thornhill R. Fluctuating asymmetry and the mating system of the Japanese scorpionfly, Panorpa japonica. Anim Behav 1992a; 44: 867–879
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thornhill R. Females prefer the pheromone of males with low fluctuating asymmetry in the Japanese scorpionfly (Panorpa japonica). Behav Ecol 1992b; 3: 277–283
   Google Scholar
• Thornhill R, Gangestad SW. Human fluctuating asymmetry and sexual behaviour. Psychol Sci 1994; 5: 297–302
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Townsend GC. Fluctuating dental asymmetry in Down's Syndrome. Aust Dent J 1983; 28: 39–44
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Trivers R, Manning JT, Thornhill R, Singh D, Mcguire M. Jamaican symmetry project: Long-term study of fluctuating asymmetry in rural Jamaican children. Hum Biol 1999; 71: 417–430
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Valen L. A study of fluctuating asymmetry. Evolution 1962; 16: 125–142
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Victora CG, Barros FC, Horta BL, Martorell R. Short-term benefits of catch-up growth for small-for-gestational-age infants. Int J Epidemiol 2001; 30: 1325–1330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vollestad LA, Hindar K. Developmental stability in brown trout: Are there any effects of heterozygosity or environmental stress?. Biol J Linnean Society 2001; 74: 351–364
   Google Scholar
• Waterland RA, Garza C. Potential mechanisms of metabolic imprinting that lead to chronic disease. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 69: 179–197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waynforth D. Fluctuating asymmetry and human male life-history traits in rural Belize. Proc R Soc Lond Ser B 1998; 265: 1497–1501
   Google Scholar
• Wells JCK, Davies PSW. Estimation of the energy cost of physical activity in infancy. Arch Dis Child 1998; 78: 131–136
   Google Scholar
• Wilber E, Newell-Morris L, Streissguth AP. Dermatoglyphic asymmetry in fetal alcohol syndrome. Biol Neonate 1993; 64: 1–6
   Google Scholar
• Wilson JK, Manning JT. Fluctuating asymmetry and age in children: Evolutionary implications for the control of developmental stability. J Hum Evol 1996; 30: 529–537
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woods RE, Sgrò CM, Hercus MJ, Hoffman AA. Fluctuating asymmetry, fecundity and developmental time in Drosophila: Is there an association under optimal stress conditions?. J Evol Biol 2002; 15: 146–157
   Google Scholar