940
Views
70
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Culture in psychiatric epidemiology: Using ethnography and multiple mediator models to assess the relationship of caste with depression and anxiety in Nepal

, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 261-280 | Received 08 Feb 2009, Published online: 09 Jul 2009

References

  • Ahmed AT, Mohammed SA, Williams DR. Racial discrimination & health: pathways & evidence. Indian Journal of Medical Research 2007; 126: 318–27
  • Balaji AB, Claussen AH, Smith DC, Visser SN, Morales MJ, Perou R. Social support networks and maternal mental health and well-being. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2007; 16: 1386–1396
  • Baron RM, Kenny DA. The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Personal Soc Psychol 1986; 51: 1173–1182
  • Cole PM, Walker AR, Lama-Tamang MS. Emotional aspects of peer relations among children in rural nepal. Peer Relationships in Cultural Context, X Chen, DC French, BH Schneider. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2006; 148–169
  • Das J, Do Q-T, Friedman J, McKenzie D, Scott K. Mental health and poverty in developing countries: Revisiting the relationship. Soc Sci Med 2007; 65: 467–480
  • Desjarlais RR, Eisenberg L, Good B, Kleinman AM. World mental health: problems and priorities in low-income countries. Oxford University Press, New York 1995; 382
  • Dressler WW, Balieiro MC, dos Santos JE. Culture, socioeconomic status, and physical and mental health in Brazil. Med Anthropol Q 1998; 12: 424–446
  • Frazier PA, Tix AP, Barron KE. Testing Moderator and Mediator Effects in Counseling Psychology Research. Journal of Counseling Psychology 2004; 51: 115–134
  • HMG-CBS. 2003. Census results – 2001. KathmanduNepal: His Majesty's Goverment Central Bureau of Statistics.
  • Hadley C, Patil CL. Food insecurity in rural Tanzania is associated with maternal anxiety and depression. American Journal of Human Biology 2006; 18: 359–68
  • Hadley C, Patil CL. Seasonal changes in household food insecurity and symptoms of anxiety and depression. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 2008; 135: 225–32
  • Höfer A. The caste hierarchy and the state in Nepal: A study of the Muluki Ain of 1854. Himal Books, LalitpurNepal 2004
  • Holtz TH. Refugee trauma versus torture trauma: A retrospective controlled cohort study of Tibetan refugees. J Nervous Mental Dis 1998; 186: 24–34
  • Hruschka DJ, Hadley C. A glossary of culture in epidemiology. J Epidemiol Commun Health 2008; 62: 947–951
  • Kendler KS, Kuhn J, Prescott CA. The interrelationship of neuroticism, sex, and stressful life events in the prediction of episodes of major depression. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161: 631–636
  • Kessler RC, Üstün TB, World Health Organization. 2008. The WHO World Mental Health Surveys: Global perspectives on the epidemiology of mental disorders. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press/Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Kleinbaum DG, Kupper LL, Morgenstern H. Epidemiologic research: Principles and quantitative methods. Lifetime Learning Publications, Belmont, CA 1982
  • Koenig HG. Religion and medicine II: Religion, mental health, and related behaviors. Int J Psychiatry Med 2001; 31: 97–109
  • Kohrt BA, Kunz RD, Baldwin JL, Koirala NR, Sharma VD, Nepal MK. Somatization’ and ‘Comorbidity’: A study of jhum-jhum and depression in rural Nepal. Ethos 2005; 33: 125–147
  • Kohrt BA, Kunz RD, Koirala NR, Sharma VD, Nepal MK. Validation of a Nepali version of the Beck Depression Inventory. Nepalese J Psychiatry 2002; 2: 123–130
  • Kohrt BA, Kunz RD, Koirala NR, Sharma VD, Nepal MK. Validation of the Nepali version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory. J Institute Med 2003; 25: 1–4
  • Krieger N. Stormy weather: race, gene expression, and the science of health disparities. American Journal of Public Health 2005; 95: 2155–60
  • Lannin DR, Mathews HF, Mitchell J, Swanson MS, Swanson FH, Edwards MS. Influence of socioeconomic and cultural factors on racial differences in late-stage presentation of breast cancer. JAMA 1998; 279: 1801–7
  • MacKinnon DP, Fairchild AJ, Fritz MS. Mediation analysis. Annu Rev Psychol 2007; 58: 593–614
  • MacKinnon DP, Krull JL, Lockwood CM. Equivalence of the mediation, confounding and suppression effect. Prevention Science 2000; 1: 173–81
  • MacKinnon DP, Lockwood CM, Hoffman JM, West SG, Sheets V. A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychol Methods 2002; 7: 83–104
  • MacKinnon DP, Lockwood CM, Williams J. Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods. Multivariate Behavioral Research 2004; 39: 99–128
  • Mollica RF, Cui X, McInnes K, Massagli MP. Science-based policy for psychosocial interventions in refugee camps: A Cambodian example. J Nervous Mental Dis 2002; 190: 158–166
  • Patel V. Cultural factors and international epidemiology. Br Med Bull 2001; 57: 33–45
  • Preacher KJ, Hayes AF. Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behav Res Methods 2008; 40: 879–891
  • Shrestha NM, Sharma B, Van Ommeren M, Regmi S, Makaju R, Komproe I, Shrestha GB, de Jong JT. Impact of torture on refugees displaced within the developing world: Symptomatology among Bhutanese refugees in Nepal. JAMA 1998; 280: 443–448
  • Shrout PE, Bolger N. Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: new procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods 2002; 7: 422–45
  • SPSS Inc. 2007. SPSS Version 16. Version 16.0. Chicago, IL: SPSS Inc.
  • Subedi S, Tausig M, Subedi J, Broughton CL, Williams-Blangero S. Mental illness and disability among elders in developing countries: The case of Nepal. J Aging Health 2004; 16: 71–87
  • Tausig M, Subedi S, Subedi J, Broughton C, Williams-Blangero S. The psychological disease burden in Nepal and its relationship to physical health problems. Social Behavior and Personality 2004; 32: 419–428
  • Thapa SB, Hauff E. Psychological distress among displaced persons during an armed conflict in Nepal. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiol 2005; 40: 672–679
  • Williams DR. Racial discrimination & health: pathways & evidence. Indian Journal of Medical Research 2007; 126: 318–27
  • Williams DR, Jackson PB. Social sources of racial disparities in health. Health Aff (Millwood) 2005; 24: 325–334
  • Williams DR, Neighbors HW, Jackson JS. Racial/ethnic discrimination and health: findings from community studies. American Journal of Public Health 2003; 93: 200–8
  • Williams DR, Williams-Morris R. Racism and mental health: The African American experience. Ethnicity Health 2000; 5: 243–268
  • Zheng Y-P, Lin K-M. A nationwide study of stressful life events in Mainland China. Psychosom Med 1994; 56: 296–305

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.