A New Approach for Potential Combined Chelation Therapy Using Mono- and Bis-Hydroxypyridinones

REFERENCES

• Brock JH, Halliday JW, Pippard MJ. Secondary iron overload. Iron Metabolism in Health and Disease, JH Brock, JW Halliday, MJ Pippard, LUG Powell. W.B. Saunders Company, London 1994; 271–309
   Google Scholar
• Pietrangelo A. Hereditary hemochromatosis–A new look at an old disease. N Eng J Med 2004; 350(23)2383–2397
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weinberg ED. Therapeutic potential of iron chelators in diseases associated with iron mismanagement. J Pharm Pharmacol 2006; 58(5)575–584
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crichton RR, Ward RJ. Parkinson's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease. Metal-Based Neurodegeneration, RR Crichton, RJ Ward. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester 2006; 62–87
   Google Scholar
• Yokel RA. The toxicology of aluminum in the brain: a review. Neurotoxicology 2000; 21(5)813–828
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hider RC, Kontoghiorghes GJ, Silver J. Pharmaceutical compositions. UK PATENT gb2118176, 1983
   Google Scholar
• Hider RC, Liu ZD. Emerging understanding of the advantage of small molecules such as hydroxypyridinones in the treatment of iron overload. Curr Med Chem 2003; 10(12)1051–1064
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tam TF, Leung-Toung R, Li W, Wang Y, Karimian K, Spino M. Iron chelator research: past, present, and future. Curr Med Chem 2003; 10(12)983–995
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Santos MA. Hydroxypyridinone complexes with aluminium. In vitro/vivo studies and perspectives. Coord Chem Rev 2002; 228(2)187–203
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yokel RA. Aluminum chelation principles and recent advances. Coord Chem Rev 2002; 228(2)97–113
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kontoghiorghes GJ, Aldouri MA, Sheppard L, Hoffbrand AV. 1,2-Dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one, an orally active chelator for treatment of iron overload. Lancet 1987; 1(8545)1294–1295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kontoghiorghes GJ, Kolnagou A. Molecular factors and mechanisms affecting iron and other metal excretion or absorption in health and disease. The role of natural and synthetic chelators. Curr Med Chem 2005; 12(23)2695–2709
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson DR, Ponka R. Pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone and its analogs: potential orally effective iron-chelating agents for the treatment of iron overload disease. J Lab Clin Med 1998; 131(4)306–314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cappellini MD. Iron-chelating therapy with the new oral agent ICL670 (Exjade®). Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2005; 18(2)289–298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kontoghiorghes GJ, Eracleous E, Economides C, Kolnagou A. Advances in iron overload therapies. Prospects for effective use of deferriprone (L1), deferoxamine, the new experimental chelators ICL670, GT56–252, L1NAll and their combinations. Curr Med Chem 2005; 12(23)2663–2681
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Florence AL, Gauthier A, Ward RJ, Crichton RR. Influence of hydroxypyridones and desferrioxamine on the mobilization of aluminium from tissues of aluminium-loaded rats. Neurodegeneration 1995; 4(4)449–455
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kontoghiorghes GJ. Advances in oral iron chelation in man. Int J Hematol 1992; 55(1)27–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wonke B, Wright C, Hoffbrand AV. Combined therapy with deferiprone and desferrioxamine. Br J Haematol 1998; 103(2)361–364
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kontoghiorghes GJ. Future chelation monotherapy and combination therapy strategies in thalassemia and other conditions. Comparison of deferiprone, deferoxamine, ICL670, GT56–252, L1NAll and starch deferoxamine polymers. Hemoglobin 2006; 30(2)329–347
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kattamis A. Combined therapy with deferoxamine and deferiprone. Ann NY Acad Sci 2005; 1054: 175–182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esparza JL, Gómez M, Domingo JL, Del Castillo D, Hernández M. Age-related differences on aluminium mobilization by chelating agents in aluminium-loaded uraemic rats. Pharmacol Toxicol 2000; 87(1)33–38
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kruck TP, Cui JG, Percy ME, Lukiw WJ. Molecular shuttle chelation: the use of ascorbate, desferrioxamine and Feralex-G in combination to remove nuclear bound aluminum. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2004; 24(3)443–459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos MA, Gil M, Gano L, Chaves S. Bifunctional 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone derivatives as potential pharmaceuticals: synthesis, complexation with Fe(III), Al(III) and Ga(III) and in vivo evaluation with Ga-67. J Biol Inorg Chem 2005; 10(5)564–580
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Santos MA, Gama S, Gano L, Cantinho G, Farkas E. A new bis(3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone)-IDA derivative as a potential therapeutic chelating agent. Synthesis, metal-complexation and biological assays. Dalton Trans 2004; 21: 3772–3781
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos MA, Grazina R, Gano L, Gama S. New polydentate chelating agents of 3-hydroxypiridin-4-one type. PT PATENT 102660. 2001
   Google Scholar
• Santos MA, Gama S, Gano L, Farkas E. Bis(3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone)-EDTA derivative as a potential therapeutic Al-chelating agent. Synthesis, solution studies and biological assays. J Inorg Biochem 2005; 99(9)1845–1852
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Piyamongkol S, Zhou T, Liu ZD, Khodr HH, Hider RC. Design and characterisation of novel hexadentate 3-hydroxypyridin-4-one ligands. Tetrahedron Lett 2005; 46(8)1333–1336
   Google Scholar
• Morphy R, Rankovic Z. Designed multiple ligands. An emerging drug discovery paradigm. J Med Chem 2005; 48(21)6523–6543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gama S, Gil M, Gano L, Farkas E, Santos MA. Coadjuvation of a bis(3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone) with a deferriprone derivative. Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine, MC Alpoim, MP Morais, MA Santos, AJ Cristovao, JA Centeno, P Collery. John Libbey Eurotext, Paris 2006; 9: 105–110
   Google Scholar
• Gunasekera SW, King LJ, Lavender PJ. The behaviour of tracer gallium-67 towards serum proteins. Clin Chim Acta 1972; 39(2)401–406
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Larson SM, Rasey JS, Allen DR, Grunbaum Z. A Tranferrin-mediated uptake of Gallium-67 by EMT-6 sarcoma. II. Studies in vivo (BALB/c Mice): concise communication. J Nuclear Med 1979; 20(8)843–846
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hara T. On the binding of gallium to transferrin. Int J Nuclear Med Biol 1974; 1(3)152–154
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harris WR, Pecoraro VL. Thermodynamic binding constants for gallium transferrin. Biochemistry 1983; 22(2)292–299
   PubMedGoogle Scholar