757
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Hierarchies of Mixedness: Choices and Challenges

‘There is Nothing Wrong with Being a Mulatto’: Structural Discrimination and Racialised Belonging in Denmark

ORCID Icon &

References

  • Ahmed, S., 2004. Affective Economies. Social Text, 22 (2), 117–139. doi: 10.1215/01642472-22-2_79-117
  • Allport, G. W., 1958. The Nature of Prejudice. Garden City, NY: Doubleday Anchor.
  • Andreassen, R., 2005. The Mass Media's Construction of Gender, Race, Sexuality and Nationality: An Analysis of the Danish News Media's Communication About Visible Minorities. Toronto: University of Toronto.
  • Andreassen, R., 2014 . The Nordic Discomfort with Race. Nordic Journal of Migration Research, 4 (1), 42–44.
  • Appiah, A., 2000. Stereotypes and the Shaping of Identity. California Law Review, 88 (1), 41–54. doi: 10.2307/3481272
  • Baker, L. D., 1998. From Savage to Negro, Anthropology and the Construction of Race, 1896–1954. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Bateson, G., et al., 1956. Toward a Theory of Schizophrenia. Behavioral Science, 1 (4), 251–264. doi: 10.1002/bs.3830010402
  • Bateson, G., et al., 1963. A Note on the Double Bind - 1962 . Family Process, 2 (1), 154–161. doi: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.1963.00154.x
  • Blaagaard, B. B., 2010. Remembering Nordic Colonialism: Danish Cultural Memory in Journalistic Practice. KULT, 7, 101–121.
  • Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo, 2010. Racism without Racists, Color-Blind racism and Racial Inequality in Contemporary America. Plymouth: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
  • Carter, R. T., 1990. The Influence of Race and Racial Identity in Psychotherapy, Toward a Racially Inclusive Model. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Clark, K. B. and Clark, M. K., 1939. The Development of Consciousness of Self and the Emerge of Racial Identification in Negro Preschool Children. Journal of Social Psychology, S.P.S.S.I. Bulletin, 10, 591–599.
  • Crenshaw, K., 1991. Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color. Stanford Law Review, 43 (6), 1241–1299. doi: 10.2307/1229039
  • Danbolt, M. and Raun, T., 2008. Hornsleths Un/Fair Trade –æstetisk evangelisme og nykolonialistisk etnografi i samtidskunsten. Kvinder, Køn og Forskning, 4, 23–37.
  • Delgado, R. and Stefancic, J., 2001. Critical Race Theory: An Introduction. New York: New York University Press.
  • Essed, Philomena, 1991. Understanding Everyday Racism, An Interdisciplinary Theory. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Essed, P. and Trienekens, S., 2008. ‘Who Wants to Feel White?’ Race, Dutch Culture and Contested Identities. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 31 (1), 52–72. doi: 10.1080/01419870701538885
  • Fanon, F., 1967. Black Skin, White Masks. New York, NY: Grove Press.
  • Foucault, M., 1980. The History of Sexuality. New York: Vintage.
  • Gilliam, L., 2006. De umulige børn og det ordentlige menneske. Aarhus: DPU.
  • Gitz-Johansen, T., 2004. Integration i Multikulturelle Folkeskoler. Roskilde: Institut for Uddannelsesforskning, Roskilde Universitetscenter.
  • Goff, P. A., et al., 2008. Not yet Human: Implicit Knowledge, Historical Dehumanization, and Contemporary Consequences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94 (2), 292–306. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.94.2.292
  • Goffman, E., 2009. Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • Gullestad, M., 2004. Blind Slaves of Our Prejudices: Debating ‘Culture’ and ‘Race’ in Norway. Ethnos: Journal of Anthropology, 69 (2), 177–203. doi: 10.1080/0014184042000212858
  • Gullestad, M., 2006. Plausible Prejudice: Everyday Experiences and Social Images of Nation, Culture, and Race. Evanston: Northwestern University.
  • Hervik, P., 2002. Mediernes Muslimer, En Antropologiske Undersøgesler af Mediernes Dækning af Religioner i Danmark. Copenhagen: Nævnet for Etnisk Ligestilling.
  • Hervik, P., 2006. The Danish Cultural World of Unbridgeable Differences. Ethnos: Journal of Anthropology, 69 (2), 247–267. doi: 10.1080/0014184042000212885
  • Hickman, C. B., 1997. The Devil and the One Drop Rule: Racial Categories, African Americans, and the U.S. Census. Michigan Law Review, 95 (5), 1161–1265. doi: 10.2307/1290008
  • Hill, R. B., 1989. Economic Forces, Structural Discrimination and Black Family Instability. The Review of Black Political Economy, 17 (3), 5–23. doi: 10.1007/BF02901099
  • Holstein, J. A. and Gubrium, J. F. E., 2003. Active Interviewing. Postmodern Interviewing. London: Sage.
  • Horst, C., 2017. På Ulige Fod - Etniske Minoritetsbørn som et Skoleeksempel. Aarhus: Aarhus Universitetsforlag.
  • Hübinette, T. and Tigervall, C., 2008. Adoption med förhinder: Samtal med adopterade och adoptivföräldrar om vardagsrasism och etnisk identitet. Tumba: Mångkulturellt centrum.
  • Jensen, L., 2012. Danishness as Whiteness in Crisis: Emerging Post-Imperial and Development Aid Anxieities. In: K. Loftsdottir, and L. Jensen, eds. Whiteness and Postcolonialism in the Nordic Region: Exceptionalism, Migrans Others and national Identities. New York: Routledge, 105–118.
  • Jordan, W. D., 1962. American Chiaroscuro: The Status and Definition of Mulattoes in the British Colonies. The William and Mary Quarterly, 19 (2), 183–200. doi: 10.2307/1921922
  • Kamali, M., 2009. Racial Discrimination, Institutional Patterns and Politics. Oxon: Routledge.
  • Keskinen, S., 2012. Limits to Speech? The Racialised Politics of Gendered Violence in Denmark and Finland. Journal of Intercultural Studies, 33 (3), 261–274. doi: 10.1080/07256868.2012.673470
  • Keskinen, S., 2014. Re-constructing the Peaceful Nation: Negotiating Meanings of Whiteness, Immigration, and Islam After a Shopping Mall Shootingnt. Social Identities, 20 (6), 471–485. doi: 10.1080/13504630.2015.1004828
  • Ladson-Billings, G. and Gillborn, D. E., 2004. The RoutledgeFalmer Reader in Multicultural Education. London: RoutledgeFalmer.
  • Lippert-Rasmussen, K., 2006. The Badness of Discrimination. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 9 (2), 167–185. doi: 10.1007/s10677-006-9014-x
  • Myong, L., 2009. Adopteret - Fortællinger om Transnational og Racialiseret Tilblivelse. Aarhus: Århus Universitet.
  • Phoenix, A., 2006. Interrogating Intersectionality: Productive Ways of Theorising Multiple Positioning. Kvinder, Køn & Forskning, 2–3, 21–30.
  • Pincus, F. L., 1996. Discrimination Comes in Many Forms: Individual, Institutional, and Structural. American Behavioral Scientist, 40 (2), 186–194. doi: 10.1177/0002764296040002009
  • Rasmussen, K. S., 2004. Hvad er Dansk Racisme? Minority Report. Available from: http://www.minority-report.dk/dansk/deltagere/kim_su_rasmussen.html.
  • Rastas, A., 2005. Racializing Categorization Among Young People in Finland. Young, 13 (2), 147–166. doi: 10.1177/1103308805051319
  • Rathje, Marianne. 2014. Sprognævnets Konferenceserie, 2.
  • Rodrigues, L. P., 2011. Danishness, Nordic Amnesia and Immigrant Museums. Human Architecture: Journal of the Sociology of Self-Knowledge, 9 (4), 22–33.
  • Roth, W. D., 2005. The End of the One-Drop Rule? Labeling of Multiracial Children in Black Intermarriages. Sociological Forum, 20 (1), 35–67. doi: 10.1007/s11206-005-1897-0
  • Rowe, M. P., 1990. Barriers to Equality: The Power of Subtle Discrimination to Maintain Unequal Opportunity. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 3 (2), 153–163. doi: 10.1007/BF01388340
  • Said, E. W., 1978. Orientalism. New York: Vintage.
  • Skadegård, M., 2014. Strukturel Diskrimination i Hverdagen [Structural Discrimination in Everyday Life]. In: A. Bilfeldt, I. Jensen, & J. Andersen, eds. Rettigheder, Empowerment og Læring [Rights, Empowerment and Learning]. Aalborg: Aalborg University Press, 160–183.
  • Skadegård, M. C., 2016. Sand Negro. In: A. Bilfeldt, I. Jensen, & J. Andersen, eds. Social eksklusion, læring og forandring [Social Exclusion, Learning and Change]. Aalborg: Aalborg University Press, 168–182.
  • Skadegård, M. C., 2017. With Friends Like These, Who Needs Enemies?. Nordic Journal of Migration Research, 7 (4), 214–223. doi: 10.1515/njmr-2017-0033
  • Skadegård, M. C. and Horst, C., in review. Between an Rock and a Hard Place.
  • Solomos, J., 1993. Race and Racism in Britain. New York: St. Martin's Press.
  • Spivak, G. C., 1999. A Critique of Postcolonial Reason, Toward a History of the Vanishing Present. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Staunæs, D., 2003. Etnicitet, Køn og Skoleliv. Roskilde: Institut for Kommunikation, Journalistik og Datalogi, Roskilde Universtitetscenter.
  • Sue, D. W., ed., 2010. Microaggressions and Marginality, Manifestation, Dynamics, and Impact. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Thingstrup, S. H., 2012. Multikulturel Lærerfaglighed Som Refleksionspraksis. Roskilde: Roskilde Universitet.
  • Van Ausdale, D. and Feagin, J. R., 2001. The First R, How Children Learn Race and Racism. Lanham, MA: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Van Ausdale, D. and Feagin, J. R., 2002. The First R, How Children Learn Race and Racism. New York: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • van Dijk, T. A., 1991. Racism and the Press. London: Routledge.
  • Williams, R. M., 1988. Racial Attitudes and Behavior. In: I. J. H. Ed, ed. Surveying Social Life. Middle Town, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 331–352.
  • Yilmaz, F., 1999. Konstruktionen af de etniske minoriteter; eliten, medierne og “etnificeringen” af den danske debat. Politica, 31 (2), 178–192.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.