763
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Advocates, Implementers or Allies? NGOs between Humanitarian Borderwork and Migration Management in Libya

ORCID Icon
Pages 110-124 | Received 27 Jun 2022, Accepted 14 Dec 2022, Published online: 27 Dec 2022

References

  • Achtnich, M., 2022. Bioeconomy and Migrants’ Lives in Libya. Cultural Anthropology, 37 (1), 9–15.
  • Ashutosh, I., and Mountz, A., 2011. Migration management for the benefit of whom? Interrogating the work of the International Organization for Migration. Citizenship Studies, 15 (1), 21–38.
  • Aidani, M., 2010. Existential Accounts of Iranian Displacement and the Cultural Meanings of Categories. Journal of Intercultural Studies, 31 (2), 121–143.
  • Al Jazeera. 2021. Libya’s New Government Says Migration Crisis Not Its Top Priority Available from: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/3/libyas-new-government-says-migration-not-top- priority [Accessed 3 Mar, 2021].
  • Andersson, R., 2016. Hardwiring the Frontier? The Politics of Security Technology in Europe’s ‘Fight Against Illegal Migration’. Security Dialogue, 47 (1), 22–39.
  • Basaran, T., 2014. Saving Lives at Sea: Security, Law and Adverse Effects. European Journal of Migration and Law, 16 (3), 365–387.
  • Castles, S., 2010. Understanding Global Migration: A Social Transformation Perspective. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36 (10), 1565–1586.
  • Cusumano, E., 2017. The Sea as Humanitarian Space. Non-Governmental Search and Rescue Dilemmas on the Central Mediterranean Migratory Route. Mediterranean Politics, 23 (3), 387–394.
  • Cuttitta, P., 2018a. Repoliticization Through Search and Rescue? Humanitarian NGOs and Migration Management in the Central Mediterranean. Geopolitics, 23 (3), 632–660.
  • Cuttitta, P., 2018b. Delocalization, Humanitarianism, and Human Rights: The Mediterranean Border Between Exclusion and Inclusion. Antipode, 50 (3), 783–803.
  • Cuttitta, P., 2020. Non-governmental/civil Society Organisations and the European Union Externalisation of Migration Management in Tunisia and Egypt. Population, Space and Place, 26 (7), e2329.
  • Cuttitta, P. 2021. Libya’s Figures about Detained Migrants and Detention Centres: Reasons for Recent Fluctuations. Available from: https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/research-subject-groups/centre-criminology/centreborder-criminologies/blog/2021/03/libyas-figures [Accessed 27 June 2022].
  • Cuttitta, P., 2022. Over Land and Sea: NGOs/CSOs and EU Border Externalisation along the Central Mediterranean Route. Geopolitics, 1–27. doi:10.1080/14650045.2022.2124158.
  • Dahinden, J., Fischer, C., and Menet, J., 2021. Knowledge Production, Reflexivity, and the Use of Categories in Migration Studies: Tackling Challenges in the Field. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 44 (4), 535–554.
  • Del Valle, H., 2016. Search and Rescue in the Mediterranean Sea: Negotiating Political Differences. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 35 (2), 22–40.
  • Duffield, M., 2001. Governing the Borderlands: Decoding the Power of Aid. Disasters, 25 (4), 308–320.
  • El Zaidy, Z. 2017. EU Migration Policy towards Libya: A Libyan Perspective on the Memorandum of Understanding between Italy and Libya. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.
  • European Union. 2021. EU Emergency Trust Fund for Africa: Libya. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/trustfundforafrica/region/north-africa/libya_en [Accessed 12 May 2022].
  • Fawcett, J.T., 1989. Networks, Linkages, and Migration Systems. International Migration Review, 23 (3), 671–680.
  • Fox, K., and D’Agostino, L., 2017. Libyan Coast Guard Fires Warning Shots as Rescue Boat Patrols off Coast. CNN, 8 August. https://edition.cnn.com/2017/08/08/europe/libya-italy- mediterranean-migrant-crisis/index.html [Accessed 1 May 2021].
  • Freedman, J., 2009. Mobilising Against Detention and Deportation: Collective Actions Against the Detention and Deportation of ‘Failed’ Asylum Seekers in France. French Politics, 7 (3), 342–358.
  • Geiger, M., and Pécoud, A., 2010. The Politics of International Migration Management. In: M. Geiger, and A. Pecoud, eds. The Politics of International Migration Management. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 1–21.
  • Gerard, A., and Weber, L., 2019. ‘Humanitarian Borderwork’: Identifying Tensions Between Humanitarianism and Securitization for Government Contracted NGOs Working with Adult and Unaccompanied Minor Asylum Seekers in Australia. Theoretical Criminology, 23 (2), 266–285.
  • Gray, B., 2008. Putting Emotion and Reflexivity to Work in Researching Migration. Sociology, 42 (5), 935–952.
  • Hamood, S., 2006. African Transit Migration Through Libya to Europe: The Human Cost. Cairo: American University in Cairo, Forced Migration and Refugee Studies.
  • Howden, D. 2017. The Central Mediterranean: European Priorities, Libyan Realities. Refugees Deeply, October. http://issues.newsdeeply.com/central-mediterranean-european- priorities-libyan-realities [Accessed 11 Nov 2021].
  • Jumbert, M.G. 2018. Control or Rescue at Sea? Aims and Limits of Border Surveillance Technologies in the Mediterranean Sea. Disasters, 5 March.
  • Kalir, B., and Wissink, L., 2016. The Deportation Continuum: Convergences Between State Agents and NGO Workers in the Dutch Deportation Field. Citizenship Studies, 20 (1), 34–49.
  • Koch, A., 2014. The Politics and Discourse of Migrant Return: The Role of UNHCR and IOM in the Governance of Return. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 40 (6), 905–923.
  • Markous, A. 2019. Humanitarian Action and Anti-Migration Paradox: A Case Study of UNHCR and IOM in Libya. Masters dissertation. Graduate Institute of Geneva.
  • Massey, D.S., et al., 1998. Worlds in Motion: Understanding International Migration at the End of the Millennium. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • McNevin, A., Missbach, A., and Mulyana, D., 2016. The Rationalities of Migration Management: Control and Subversion in an Indonesia-Based Counter-Smuggling Campaign. International Political Sociology, 10 (3), 223–240.
  • Missbach, A., and Phillips, M., 2020. Introduction: Reconceptualizing Transit States in an Era of Outsourcing, Offshoring, and Obfuscation. Migration and Society, 3 (1), 19–33.
  • Monzini, P., 2007. Sea-Border Crossings: The Organization of Irregular Migration to Italy. Mediterranean Politics, 12 (2), 163–184.
  • Pallister-Wilkins, P., 2017. Humanitarian Borderwork. In: C. Günay, and N. Witjes, eds. Border Politics: Defining Spaces of Governance and Forms of Transgressions. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 85–103.
  • Paoletti, E., 2011. Migration and Foreign Policy: The Case of Libya. Journal of North African Studies, 16 (2), 215–231.
  • Pécoud, A., and Geiger, M. 2012. The New Politics of International Mobility. Migration Management and Its Discontents. IMIS-BEITRÄGE Special Issue.
  • Phillips, M., 2020. Managing a Multiplicity of Interests: The Case of Irregular Migration from Libya. Migration and Society, 3(1), 89-97.
  • Phillips, M., and Missbach, A., 2017. Introduction: Special Issue on Transit Migration – Renewing the Focus on a Global Phenomenon. International Journal of Migration and Border Studies, 3 (2-3), 113–120.
  • Raineri, L. 2017. Human Smuggling from Niger to Libya: State-Sponsored Protection Rackets and Contradictory Security Imperatives. Paper presented at Smuggling Workshop in El Paso: The Theory and Praxis of Irregular Migration Facilitation, The University of Texas at El Paso April 6-–8, 2017 (EUNPACK papers).
  • Sayigh, Y., 2015. Crumbling States: Security Sector Reform in Libya and Yemen. Beirut: Carnegie Middle East Center.
  • Schmidt, A., 2007. ‘I Know What You're Doing’, Reflexivity and Methods in Refugee Studies. Refugee Survey Quarterly, 26 (3), 82–99.
  • Stierl, M., 2018. A Fleet of Mediterranean Border Humanitarians. Antipode, 50 (3), 704–724.
  • Tazzioli, M., 2016. Border Displacements: Challenging the Politics of Rescue Between Mare Nostrum and Triton. Migration Studies, 4 (1), 1–19.
  • United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). 2022. Humanitarian Needs Overview: Libya. Available from: https://reliefweb.int/report/libya/libya-humanitarian-needs-overview-2022-december-2021-enar [Accessed 17 Feb 2022].
  • Vandevoordt, R., 2017. Between Humanitarian Assistance and Migration Management: On Civil Actors’ Role in Voluntary Return from Belgium. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 43 (11), 1907–1922.
  • Xiang, B., and Lindquist, J., 2014. Migration Infrastructure. International Migration Review, 48, S122–S148.