Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Level is a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treated with Chemoradiotherapy

REFERENCES

• Selek U., Ozyar E., Ozyigit G., Varan A., Buyukpamukcu M., Atahan I. L. Treatment results of 59 young patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 2005; 69: 201–207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altun M., Fandi A., Dupuis O., Cvitkovic E., Krajina Z., Eschwege F. Undifferaniated nasofayngeal cancer (UCNT): current diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. Int. J. Rad. Oncol. Biol. Pys. 1995; 32: 859–877
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho J. H. An epidemiologic and clinical study of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1978; 4: 183–205
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo Y. M., Chan L. Y., Lo K. W., Leung S. F., Zhang J., et al. Quantitative analysis of cell free Epstein-Barr virus DNA in plasma patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Res. 1999; 59: 1188–1191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shanmugaratnam K. Histological typing of tumors of the upper respiratory tract and ear. WHO international histological classification of tumors. 2nd ed. Springer Verlag, Berlin 1991
   Google Scholar
• Baker S. R., Wolfe R. A. Prognostic factors of nasopharyngeal malignancy. Cancer 1982; 49: 163–169
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu M. M., Tu S. M. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Taiwan. Cancer 1983; 52: 362–368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu T. F. Trends in the clinical management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1992; 23: 469–471
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiau G. L., Cai W. M., Hu Y. H. Evaluation and revision comment of the TNM staging classification on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) proposed by UICC. Chin. J. Radiat. Oncol. 1994; 3: 6–9
   Google Scholar
• Liao Y. P., Xiao F., Xi X. P. Clinical staging analysis of 2000 cases. Chin. J. Radiat. Oncol. 1993; 2: 190–191
   Google Scholar
• Geara F. B., Sanguineti G., Tucker S. L., Garden A. S., Ang K. K., Morrison W. H., Peters L. J. Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy alone: determinants of distant metastasis and survival. Radiother. Oncol. 1997; 43: 53–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teo P., Yu P., Lee W. Y., Leung S. F., Kwan W. H., et al. Significant prognostificators after primary radiotherapy in 903 non-disseminated nasopharyngeal carcinoma evaluated by computer tomography. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1996; 36: 291–304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chua D. T., Sham J. S., Kwong D. L., Choy D. T., Au G. K., Wu P. M. Prognostic value of paranasopharyngeal extension of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer 1996; 76: 202–210
   Google Scholar
• Baker S. R. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: clinical course and results of therapy. Head Neck Surg. 1980; 3: 8–12
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Neel H. B., III. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Otolaryngol. Clin. North. Am. 1985; 18: 479–485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng S. H., Jian J. J., Tsai S. Y., Chan K. Y., Yen L. K., et al. Prognostic features and treatment outcome in lokoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma following concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1998; 41: 755–762
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng S. H., Yen K. L., Jian J. J., Tsai S. Y., Chu N. M., et al. Examining prognostic factors and patterns of failure in nasopharyngeal carcinoma folloing concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy: impact on future clinical trials. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2001; 50: 717–726
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liaw C. C., Wang C. H., Huang J. S., Kiu M. C., Chen J. S., Chang H. K. Serum lactate dehydrogenase level in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Acta Oncol. 1997; 36: 159–164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sze W. M., Lee A. W., Yau T. K., Yeung R. M., Lau K. Y., et al. Primary tumor volume of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: prognostic significance for local control. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2004; 59: 21–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming I. D., Cooper J. S., Henson D. E., Hutter R. V. P., Kennedy B. J., et al. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 5th ed. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia 1997; 31–39
   Google Scholar
• Ozyar E., Yildiz F., Akyol F. H., Atahan I. L. Comparison of AJCC 1988 and 1997 classifications for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. American Joint Committee on Cancer. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1999; 44: 1079–1087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozyar E., Yildiz F., Akyol F. H., Atahan I. L. Adjuvant high-dose-rate brachytherapy after external beam radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2002; 52: 101–108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaplan E., Meier P. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 1958; 53: 457–481
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox D. R. Regression models and life tables. J. R. Stat. Soc. B 1972; 4: 187–220
   Google Scholar
• International Nasopharynx Cancer Study Group (INCSG). Preliminary results of a randomized trial comparing neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in stage IV (N2, M0) undifferantiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a positive effect on progression-free survival. VUMCA I trial. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1996; 35: 463–469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chua D. T., Sham J. S., Choy D., Lorvidhaya V., Sumitsawan Y., et al. Preliminary report of the Asian Oceanian Clinical Oncology association randomized trial comparing cisplatin and epirubisin followed by radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in the treatment of the patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer 1998; 83: 2270–2283
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma J., Mai H. Q., Hong M. H., Min H. Q., Mao Z. D., et al. Results of a prospective randomized trial comparing chemotherapy plus radiotherapy with radiotherapy alone in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 2001; 19: 1350–1357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi A., Molinari R., Boracchi P., Del Vecchio M., Marubini E., et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy with vincristine, cyclophosphamide and doxorubicine after radiotherapy in local-regional nasopharyngeal cancer: results of a 4 year multicenter randomized study. J. Clin. Oncol. 1988; 8: 1401–1410
   Google Scholar
• Chi K. H., Chang Y. C., Guo W. Y., et al. A phase III study of adjuvant chemotherapy in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2002; 52: 1238–1244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chi K. H., Chang Y. C., Guo W. Y., Leung M. J., Shiau C. Y., et al. A prospective randomized study of chemotherapy adjunctive to definitive radiotherapy in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1995; 33: 569–577
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Sarraf M., LeBlanc M., Giri P. G., Fu K. K., Cooper J., et al. Chemoradiotherapy versus raditherapy in patients with advanced nasopharyngeal cancer: phase III randomized intergroup study 0099. J. Clin. Oncol. 1998; 16: 1310–1317
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin J. C., Jan J. S., Hsu C. Y., Liang W. M., Jiang R. S., Wang W. Y., Phase I II. study of concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Positive effect on overall and progression-free survival. J. Clin. Oncol. 2003; 21: 631–637
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozyar E., Ayhan A., Korcum A. F., Atahan I. L. Prognostic role of Ebstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein-1 and interleukin-10 expression in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Invest. 2004; 22: 483–491
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swan F., Jr., Velasquez W. S., Tucker S., Redman J. R., Rodriguez M. A., et al. A new serologic staging system for large-cell lymphomas based on initial β2-microglobulin and lactate dehydrogenase levels. J. Clin. Oncol. 1989; 7: 1518–1527
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorgensen L. G., Osterlind K., Genolla J., Gomm S. A., Hernandez J. R., et al. Serum neuron-specific enolase and the prognosis in small-cell lung cancer: A combined multivariable analysis on data from nine centres. Br. J. Cancer 1996; 74: 463–467
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steyerberg E. W., Keizer H. J., Fossa S. D., Sleijfer D. T., Bajorin D. F., Donohue J. P., Habbema J. D. Resection of residual retroperitoneal masses in testicular cancer: Evaluation and improvement of selection criteria. The ReHiT study group. Reanalysis of histology in testicular cancer. Br. J. Cancer 1996; 74: 1492–1498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatani M., Matayoshi Y., Masaki N. Radiation therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Treatment results and prognostic factors. Nippon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai Zasshi 1993; 53: 945–952
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hong R. L., Ting L. L., Ko J. Y., Hsu M. M., Sheen T. S., et al. Induction chemotherapy with mitomycin, epirubisin, cisplatin, fluorouracil and leucovorin followed by radiotherapy in the treatment of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 2001; 19: 4305–4313
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar