Melatonin: A Rediscovered Antitumor Hormone? Its Relation to Surface Receptors; Sex Steroid Metabolism, Immunologic Response, and Chronobiologic Factors in Tumor Growth and Therapy

References

• Vaughn G. M. Evidence for age pineal-gonad relationship in the human. The Pineal Gland and Reproduction, R. S. Reiter, 1978; Vol. 4: 191–223
   Google Scholar
• Quay W. B., Gorray K. C. Pineal effects on metabolism and glucose homeostasis: Evidence for lines of humoral mediation of pineal influence on tumor growth. Neural Trans 1980; 47: 107–120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiter R. J. Reproductive effects of the pineal gland and pineal indoles in the Syrian hamster and the albino rat. The Pineal Gland, R. J. Reiter. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 1981; 45–81
   Google Scholar
• Wainright S. D. Role of the pineal gland in the vertebrate master biological clock. The Pineal Gland, R. J. Reiter. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 1981; 53–78
   Google Scholar
• Brinkley S. A. Pineal biochemistry: Comparative aspects and cir-cadian rhythms. The Pineal Gland, R. J. Reiter. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 1981; 155–172
   Google Scholar
• Cardinali D. P. Molecular biology of melatonin: Assessment of the “microtubule hypothesis of melatonin action.”. Melatonin— Current Status and Perspectives, N. Birau, W. Schloot. Pergamon Press, New York 1981; 247–256
   Google Scholar
• Cardinali D. P., Vacas M. I., Keller M. I., . Melatonin action: Sites and possible mechanisms in brain. The Pineal Gland and Its Endocrine Role, J. Axelrod, F. Fraschini, G. P. Velo, et al. Plenum Press, New York 1982; 557–575, (Proc. Nato Adv. Study, Erice, Italy)
   Google Scholar
• Wurtman R. J., Waldhauser R., Lieberman H. R. The secretion and effects of melatonin in humans. The Pineal Gland and Its Endocrine Role, J. Axelrod, F. Fraschini, G. P. Velo. Plenum Press, New York 1982; 551–575
   Google Scholar
• Karasek M., Reiter R. J. A reciprocal relationship between the adenohypophysis and the pineal gland. Med Hypothe 1982; 9: 1–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiter R. J. The pineal gland: An intermediary between the environment and the endocrine system. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1983; 8: 31–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiter R. J., Richardson B. A., King T. S. The pineal gland and its indole products. Their importance in the control of reproduction in mammals. The Pineal Gland, R. Relkin. Elsevier, New York 1983; 151–199
   Google Scholar
• Blask D. E. The pineal, an oncostatic gland?. The Pineal Gland, R. J. Reiter. Raven Press, New York 1984; 276–277
   Google Scholar
• Tamarkin L., et al. “Melatonin: A coordinating signal for mammalian reproduction.”. Science 1985; 227: 714–720
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wurtman R. J., Waldhauser F. Melatonin in Humans. Proc. First Int. Cong, on melatonin in humans. Center for Brain Sciences and Metabolism. Charitable Trust. Kendall Square, Cambridge, MA 1986, Springer Verlag, New York
   Google Scholar
• Maestroni G. J. M., Pierpaoli W. Melatonin enhances primary antibody production through an opiatergic mechanism. 1987, (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Maestroni G. J. M., Conti A., Pierpaoli W. Role of the pineal gland in immunity. Orcadian synthesis and release of melatonin modulates the antibody response and antagonizes the immunosuppressive effects of corticosterone. J Neuroimmunol 1986; 13: 19–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danforth J. R., Tamarkin L., Do R., et al. Melatonin induced increase in cytoplasmic estrogen receptor activity in hamster uteri. Endocrinology 1983; 113: 81–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danforth D. N., Jr, Tamarkin L., Lippman M. E. Melatonin increases oestrogen receptor binding activity of human breast cancer cells. Nature 1983; 305: 323–325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Symons A. M., Arendt J., Laud C. A. Melatonin feeding decreases prolactin levels in the ewe. J Endocrin 1983; 99: 41–46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moguilevsky J. A., Faigon M. R., Szwarcfarb B., et al. The LH and prolactin release response to ovarian steroids. Effects of pineal gland. Recent Advances in Fertility Res. PTA: Developments in Reproductive Endocrinology. Alan R. Liss, New York 1982; 1490–163
   Google Scholar
• Shirama K., Furuya T., Takeo Y., et al. Direct effect of melatonin on the accessory sexual organs in pinealectomized male rats kept in constant darkness. J Endocrinol 1982; 95: 87–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peat F., Kinson G. A. Testicular steroidogenesis in vitro in the rat in response to blinding, pinealectomy and to the addition of melatonin. Steroids 1971; 17: 251–264
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frehn J. L., Urry R. L., Ellis L. C. Effect of melatonin and short photoperiod on delta-4-reductase activity in liver and hypothalamus of the hamster and the rat. J Endocrinol 1974; 60: 507–515
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis L. C., Urry R. L. Direct in vitro effects of melatonin on steroid biotransformation. Physiologist 1972; 15: 125
   Google Scholar
• Ellis L. C. Inhibition of rat testicular androgen synthesis in vitro by melatonin and serotonin. Endocrinology 1972; 90: 17–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petterborg L. J., Reiter R. J. Effect of photoperiod and subcutaneous melatonin implants on the reproductive status of adult white footed mice (percomycus leucopus). J Androl 1981; 2: 222–224
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogle T. F., Kitay J. I. Effect of melatonin and an aqueous pineal extract on adrenal secretion of reduced steroid metabolites in female rats. Neuroendocrinology 1977; 23: 113–120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horst H-J., Buck A., Adam K-U. Orally administered melatonin stimulates the 3 alpha/beta hydroxy steroid oxidoreductase but not the 5 alpha reductase in the ventral prostate and seminal vesicles of pinealectomized rats. Experientia 1982; 38: 968–970
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moeller H., Koz A., Rodl W., et al. Role of pineal gland in the regulation of prostatic androgen receptors in pubertal and mature rats. Res Exp Med 1983; 183: 157–165
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Losee S. H., Turek F. W. Melatonin treatment prevents the termination of the gonadal refractory condition normally observed in hamsters exposed to long days. Pineal Function, C. D. Matthews, R. F. Seamark. Elsevier/North Holland, New York 1981; 67–75
   Google Scholar
• Fiske V. M., Parker K. L., Ulmer R. A., et al. Effect of melatonin alone or in combination with human chorionic gonadotropin or ovine luteinizing hormone on the in vitro secretion of estrogens on pro-sterone by granulosa cells of rats. Endocrinology 1984; 114: 407–410
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin J. E., Engel J. N., Klein. Inhibition of the in vitro pituitary response to lutenizing hormone release hormone by melatonin, serotonin and 5 methoxytryptamine. Endocrinology 1977; 100: 675–680
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flaugh M. E., Crowell T. A., Clements J. A., et al. Synthesis and evaluation of anti-ovulatory activity of a variety of melatonin analogues. J Med Chem 1979; 22: 63–69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson B. A., Vaughan M. K., Petterborg C. J., et al. Natural and synthetic analogues of melatonin and related compounds. I. Effects on the reproductive system of the male Syrian hamster. Neural Trans 1983; 56: 187–193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raikhlin N. T., Kvetnoy I. M., Tolkachev V. N. Melatonin may be synthesized in enterochromaffin cells. Nature 1975; 225: 344–345
   Google Scholar
• Ralph C. L. Melatonin production by extra-pineal tissues. Adv. in the biosciences. Melatonin—Current Status and Perspectives, N. Birau, W. Schloot. Pergamon Press, New York 1981; 35–46
   Google Scholar
• Cardinali D. P., Nagle C. A., Freire F., et al. Effects of melatonin on neurotransmitter uptake and release by synaptosome rich homogenates of the rat hypothalamus. Neuroendocrinology 1975; 18: 72–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen M., Roselle D., Chabner B. Evidence for a cytoplasmic melatonin receptor. Nature 1978; 274: 894–895
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lincoln G. Melatonin as a seasonal time cue: The commercial story. Nature 1983; 302: 755
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennaway D. J., Gilmore T. A., Beamark R. F. Effect of melatonin feeding on serum prolactin and gonadotropin levels and the onset of seasonal estrous cyclicity in sheep. Endocrinology 1982; 110: 1766–1772
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose J., Stormshak F., Oldfield J., et al. Introduction of winter fur growth in mink (mustela vison) with melatonin. J Anim Sci 1984; 58: 57–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Touitou Y., Fevre M., Bogdan A., et al. Patterns of plasma melatonin with ageing and mental condition: Stability of nyctohumeral rhythms and differences in seasonal variations. Endocrinologica 1984; 106: 145–151
   Google Scholar
• Wetterberg L., Halberg F., Tarquini B., et al. Circadian variation in urinary melatonin in clinically healthy women in Japan and the United States of America. Experientia 1978; 35: 416–419
   Google Scholar
• Starr K. W. Hormonal imbalance and the sarcomata. Aust NZ J Surg 1969; 39: 142–150
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Starr K. W. Growth and new growth: Environmental carcinogens in the process of human ontogeny. Progr Clin Cancer 1970; 4: 1–29
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kirkham N., Machin D., Cotton D. W. K., et al. Seasonality and breast cancer. Europ J Surg Oncol 1985; 11: 143–146
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smythe G. A., Lazarus L. Growth hormone response to melatonin in man. Science 1974; 184: 1373–1374
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuzmanovic D., Attanasio A., Bombelli M., Gupta D. Modulation of basal and GRF stimulated GH secretion by melatonin and vice versa in male rats. Neuroendocrinol Lett 1985; 7: 148
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attanasio A., Ranke M. B., Gupta D. GRF induced changes in serum melatonin and growth hormone in children and adults. Neuroendocrinol Lett 1985; 7: 153
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DiBella L., Rossi M. T., Scalera G. Perspectives in pineal functions. The Pineal Gland of Vertebrates Including Man, J. A. Kappers, P. Pevet. Elsevier, North Holland, 475–478
   Google Scholar
• Burns J. K. Administration of melatonin to non-human primates and to women with breast carcinoma. J Physiol 1973; 229: 38–39
   Google Scholar
• Shah P. N., Mhatre M. C., Kothari L. S. Melatonin on mammary carcinogenesis in intact and pinealectomized rats in varying photoperiods. Cancer Res 1984; 44: 3403–3404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aubert C., Janiaud P., Lecalvez J. Effect of pinealectomy and melatonin on mammary tumor growth in Sprague-Dawley rats under different conditions of lighting. Neural Transmission 1980; 47: 121–130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamarkin L., Cohen M., Roselle D., et al. Melatonin inhibition and pinealectomy enhancement of 7,12-dimethyl benzanthracene induced mammary tumor in the rats. Cancer Res 1981; 41: 432–436
   Google Scholar
• Blask D. E., Hill S. M. (1986) Effects of melatonin on cancer: Studies on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in culture. Melatonin in Humans (Proc. First Inst. Cong, on Melatonin in Humans. Center for Brain Sciences and Metabolism Charitable Trust) Kendall Square, Cambridge. 1985. Springer Verlag, New York, 403–420
   Google Scholar
• Stanberry L. R., Dasgupta T. K., Beattle C. W. Photoperiodic control of melanoma growth in hamsters: Influence of pinealectomy and melatonin. Endocrinology 1983; 113: 469–475
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buswell R. S. The pineal and neoplasia. Lancet 1975; 1: 34–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapin V., Ebels I. Effect of some low molecular weight sheep pineal fractions and melatonin on different tumors in rats and mice. Oncology 1976; 33: 110–116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tapp E. The pineal gland in malignancy. The Pineal Gland, R. J. Reiter. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 1981; 171–187
   Google Scholar
• Hall N. R., Goldstein A. L. Neurotransmitters and the immune system. Psychoneuroimmunology, R. Ader. Academic Press, New York 1981; 521–543
   Google Scholar
• Kelly R. W., Amato F., Seamark R. F. N-acetyl-5-methoxy kynurenamine, a brain metabolite of melatonin is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 1984; 121: 372–379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierpaoli W. Integrated phylogenetic and ontogenetic evolution of neuroendocrine and identity-defense immune functions. Psychoneuroimmunology, R. Ader. Academic Press, New York 1981; 575–606
   Google Scholar
• Haus E., Lakuta D. J., Swoyer J., et al. Chronobiology in hematology and immunology. Am J Anat 1983; 168: 467–517
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maestroni G. J. M., Pierpaoli W. Pharmacologic control of the hormonally mediated immune response. Psychoneuroimmunology, R. Ader. Academic Press, New York 1981; 405–447
   Google Scholar
• Radosevic-Stasic B., Jonjig L., Polk D., et al. Immune response of rats after pharmacologic pinealectomy. Period Biol 1983; 85: 119–121
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wraba H., Halberg F., Dutter A. Melatonin circadian-stage-dependently delays breast cancer development in mice injected daily for several months. Chronobiologica 1987, (in press)
   Google Scholar
• Halberg F., Haus E., Cardoso S. S., et al. Toward a chronotherapy of neoplasia: Tolerance of treatment depends on host rhythms. Experientia 1973; 29: 909–1044
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lapin V. Pineal influence on tumor. Chronobiology, L. E. Scheving, F. Halberg, J. E. Pauly. Igaku Shoin, Tokyo 1974; 523–533
   Google Scholar
• Pauly J. E. Chronobiology: Anatomy of time. Am J Anat 1983; 168: 365–388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hrushesky W. J. M. The clinical application of chronobiology to oncology. Am J Anat 1983; 168: 519–542
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scheving L. E., Tsai T. H., Scheving L. A. Chronobiology of the intestinal tract of the mouse. Am J Anat 1983; 168: 433–455
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Halberg F. Quo vadis basic and clinical chronobiology: promise for health maintenance. Am J Anat 1983; 168: 545–594
   Google Scholar
• Haus E., Halberg F., Scheving L. E., et al. Chronotherapy of cancer—A critical evaluation. Int J Chxonobiol 1979; 6: 67–107
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pang S. F., Tang F., Tang P. L. Negative correlation of age and the levels of pineal melatonin, pineal N-acetylserotonin and serum melatonin in male rats. J Exp Zool 1984; 229: 41–47
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bartness T. J., Wade G. N. Photoperiod control of body weight and energy metabolism in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus Auratus): Role of pineal gland, melatonin and diet. Endocrinology 1984; 114: 492–498
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vriend J. The pineal and melatonin in the regulation of pituitary-thyroid axis. Life Sci 1981; 29: 1929–1936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vriend J., Gibbs F. P. Coincidence of counter-antigonadal and counter-antithyroid action of melatonin administration via the drinking water in male golden hamsters. Life Sci 1984; 34: 617–623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halberg E., Fanning R., Halberg F., et al. Towards a chronopsy: Part III. Automatic monitoring of rectal, axillary and breast surface temperature and of wrist activity. Chronobiologica 1981; 8: 253–271
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smolensky M. H. Aspects of human chronopathology. Biologic Rhythms and Medicine, A. Reinberg, M. H. Smolensky. Springer-Verlag, New York 1983; 181
   Google Scholar
• Sugden D. Psychopharmacological effects of melatonin in mouse and rat. Pharm Exp Ther 1983; 227: 587–591
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerner A. B., Norlund J. J. Melatonin: Clinical pharmacology. J Neural Transm 1978; 13: 339–347, (Suppl.)
   Google Scholar
• Green R. A., Nutt D. J., Cowen P. J. Using Ro 15–1788 to investigate the benzodiazepine receptor in vivo: Studies on the anticonvulsant and sedative effects of melatonin and the convulsant effect of benzodiazepine RO 05–3663. Psychopharmacology 1982; 78: 293–295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavaliers M., Hirst M., Teskey G. C. Ageing, opioid analgesia and the pineal gland. Life Sci 1983; 32: 2279–2287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Datta P. C., Sandman C. A., Hoehler F. Attenuation of morphine analgesia by alpha MSH, MIF-I, melatonin and naloxone in the rat. Peptides 1982; 3: 433–437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapin M. L., Miller C. H., Stott M. L., et al. Involvement of the pineal gland and melatonin in murine analgesia. Life Sci 1981; 29: 2543–2551
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaffori O., Geffard M., Van Ree J. M. Aes-TYR-gamma endorphin and haloperiodol increase pineal gland melatonin levels in rats. Peptides 1983; 4: 393–395
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rickards D. A. The therapeutic effect of melatonin on canine melanosis. J Invest Dermatol 1965; 44: 13–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirk R. W. Acanthosis nigricans. Vet Clin of North Am 1979; 9P: 49–56
   Google Scholar
• Waldhauser F., Lynch H. J., Wurtman R. J. Melatonin in human body fluids: Clinical significance. The Pineal Gland, R. J. Reiter. Raven Press, New York 1984; 345–370
   Google Scholar
• Papavasiliou P. S., Cotzias G. C., Duby S. E., et al. Melatonin and parkinsonism. JAMA 1972; 221: 88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anton-Tay F. Melatonin: Effects on brain function. Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol 1974; 11: 315–324
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arendt J., Borbely A. A., Franey C., et al. The effects of chronic, small doses of melatonin given in the late afternoon on fatigue in man: A preliminary study. Neurosci Lett 1984; 45: 317–321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordlund J. J., Lerner A. B. The effects of oral melatonin on skin color and the release of pituitary hormones. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1977; 45: 768–774
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carman J. S., Post R. M., Buswell R., et al. Negative effects of melatonin on depression. Am J Psychiatr 1976; 133: 1181–1186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anton-Tay F., Diaz J. L., Fernandez-Guardiola. On the effect of melatonin upon human brain: Its possible therapeutic implications. Life Sci 1971; 10: 841–850
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vollrath L., Semm P., Gammel G. Sleep induction by intranasal application of melatonin. Melatonin—Current Status and Perspectives, N. Birau, W. Schloot. Pergamon Press, New York 1981; 327–329
   Google Scholar
• Cramer H., Rudolph J., Consbruch U., et al. On the effects of melatonin on sleep and behavior in man. Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol 1974; 11: 187–191
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Romijn H. J. The pineal, a tranquilizing organ?. Life Sci 1978; 23: 2257–2274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavel S., Goldstein R., Petrescu M., et al. Melatonin, vasotocin and REM sleep in prepubertal boys. Adv Bio 1981; 29: 343–347, In: Melatonin—Current Status and Perspectives, edited by N Birau, W Schloot, Pergamon Press, New York, 1981.
   Google Scholar
• Maestroni G. J. M., Conti A., Pierpaoli W. Pineal melatonin. Its fundamental immunoregulatory role in aging and cancer. First Strom-boli Conference on Aging and Cancer, Advanced Research Workshop (NATO-ARW). Neuroimmunomodulation, Interventions in Aging and Cancer, New York Academy of Science, 1987; 12, in press
   Google Scholar