624
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Articles

Sustainable management of tea wastes: resource recovery and conversion techniques

, , , ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon &
Pages 255-274 | Received 30 May 2022, Accepted 26 Nov 2022, Published online: 19 Jan 2023

References

  • Duarah P, Haldar D, Patel AK, et al. A review on global perspectives of sustainable development in bioenergy generation. Bioresour Technol. 2022;348:126791.
  • Zhao L, Sun Z-F, Zhang C-C, et al. Advances in pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for bioenergy production: challenges and perspectives. Bioresour Technol. 2022;343:126123.
  • Duarah P, Bhattacharjee A, Mondal P, et al. Green synthesized carbon and metallic nanomaterials for biofuel production: effect of operating parameters. In Srivastava M, Malik MA, Mishra PK, editors. Green nano solution for bioenergy production enhancement. Singapore: springer Nature Singapore; 2022. p. 105–126.
  • Duarah P, Haldar D, Purkait MK. Technological advancement in the synthesis and applications of lignin-based nanoparticles derived from agro-industrial waste residues: a review. Int J Biol Macromol. 2020;163:1828–1843.
  • Hossain N, Mahlia TMI. Progress in physicochemical parameters of microalgae cultivation for biofuel production. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2019;39(6):835–859.
  • Yi H, Li M, Huo X, et al. Recent development of advanced biotechnology for wastewater treatment. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2020;40(1):99–118.
  • Manikandan S, Karmegam N, Subbaiya R, et al. Emerging nano-structured innovative materials as adsorbents in wastewater treatment. Bioresour Technol. 2021;320(Pt B):124394.
  • Haldar D, Duarah P, Purkait MK. Chapter 16 - Progress in the synthesis and applications of polymeric nanomaterials derived from waste lignocellulosic biomass. In Giannakoudakis D, Meili L, Anastopoulos I, editors. Advanced materials for sustainable environmental remediation. Elsevier; 2022. p. 419–433.
  • Sharma P, Vishvakarma R, Gautam K, et al. Valorization of citrus peel waste for the sustainable production of value-added products. Bioresour Technol. 2022;351:127064.
  • Debnath B, Duarah P, Haldar D, et al. Improving the properties of corn starch films for application as packaging material via reinforcement with microcrystalline cellulose synthesized from elephant grass. Food Packag Shelf Life. 2022;34:100937.
  • Debnath B, Haldar D, Purkait MK. Environmental remediation by tea waste and its derivative products: a review on present status and technological advancements. Chemosphere. 2022;300:134480.
  • Debnath B, Haldar D, Purkait MK. Potential and sustainable utilization of tea waste: a review on present status and future trends. J Environ Chem Eng. 2021;9(5):106179.
  • FAO. Current global market situation and emerging issues: food and agricultural organiztion of United states 2022. [cited 2022 20.04.2022]. Available from: https://www.fao.org/3/ni282/ni282.pdf.
  • Basumatary V, Saikia R, Narzari R, et al. Tea factory waste as a feedstock for thermo-chemical conversion to biofuel and biomaterial. Mater Today: proc. 2018;5(11):23413–23422.
  • Güler Ö, Boyrazlı M, Başgöz Ö, et al. The synthesis of carbon nanostructures from tea plant wastes. Can Metall Q. 2017;56(3):349–359.
  • Choudhury ND, Bhuyan N, Narzari R, et al. Chapter 12 - Various conversion techniques for the recovery of value-added products from tea waste. In Bhat R, editor. Valorization of agri-food wastes and by-products. Academic Press; 2021. p. 237–265.
  • Su G, Ong HC, Fattah IMR, et al. State-of-the-art of the pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of food waste: progress and challenges. Sci Total Environ. 2022;809:151170.
  • Zhang Y, Cui Y, Liu S, et al. Fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis of wastes for biofuels production – a review. Bioresour Technol. 2020;297:122480.
  • Wang K, Kim KH, Brown RC. Catalytic pyrolysis of individual components of lignocellulosic biomass. Green Chem. 2014;16(2):727–735.
  • Nizamuddin S, Baloch HA, Griffin GJ, et al. An overview of effect of process parameters on hydrothermal carbonization of biomass. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2017;73:1289–1299.
  • Gómez-Brandón M, Lores M, Insam H, et al. Strategies for recycling and valorization of grape marc. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2019;39(4):437–450.
  • Mago M, Gupta R, Yadav A, et al. Sustainable treatment and nutrient recovery from leafy waste through vermicomposting. Bioresour Technol. 2022;347:126390.
  • Abbiramy K, Ross PR, Paramanandham J. Degradation of tea factory waste by mushroom cultivation and vermicomposting. J Environ Sci Eng. 2015;57(2):126–130.
  • Badhwar VK, Singh S, Singh B. Biotransformation of paper mill sludge and tea waste with cow dung using vermicomposting. Bioresour Technol. 2020;318:124097.
  • Karim R, Ghani N, Nasari N. Natural discovery: electricity potential from vermicompost (waste to energy). World Acad Eng Technol. 2011;58:2011.
  • Pigares E, Prabha M. Electric potential from vermicomposting of spent tea waste by employing exotic earthworm eudrilus eugeniae. Int J Chemtech Res. 2014;6:1022–1027.
  • Gammoudi N, Nagaz K, Ferchichi A. Potential use of spent coffee grounds and spent tea leaves extracts in priming treatment to promote in vitro early growth of salt-and Drought-Stressed seedlings of capsicum annuum L. Waste Biomass Valor. 2021;12(6):3341–3353.
  • Nkuna R, Roopnarain A, Rashama C, et al. Insights into organic loading rates of anaerobic digestion for biogas production: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2022;42(4):487–507.
  • Haffiez N, Chung TH, Zakaria BS, et al. A critical review of process parameters influencing the fate of antibiotic resistance genes in the anaerobic digestion of organic waste. Bioresour Technol. 2022;354:127189.
  • Germec M, Bader NB, Turhan I. Dilute acid and alkaline pretreatment of spent tea leaves to determine the potential of carbon sources. Biomass Conv Bioref. 2018;8(3):529–544.
  • Basu P. Chapter 4 - Torrefaction. In Basu P, editor. Biomass gasification, pyrolysis and torrefaction. (Third Edition). Academic Press, Elsevier; 2018. p. 93–154.
  • Patel A, Agrawal B, Rawal BR. Pyrolysis of biomass for efficient extraction of biofuel. Energy Sources A: recovery Util Environ Eff. 2020;42(13):1649–1661.
  • Mašek O. 21 - Biochar in thermal and thermochemical biorefineries—production of biochar as a coproduct. In Luque R, Lin CSK, Wilson K, Clark J, editors. Handbook of biofuels production. (Second Edition). Elsevier; 2016. p. 655–671.
  • Bevan E, Fu J, Zheng Y. Retracted article: challenges and opportunities of hydrothermal carbonisation in the UK; case study in chirnside. RSC Adv. 2020;10(52):31586–31610.
  • Lin H, Li Q, Zhang S, et al. Involvement of the organics in aqueous phase of bio-oil in hydrothermal carbonization of lignin. Bioresour Technol. 2022;351:127055.
  • Pratap V, Bombaywala S, Mandpe A, et al. Chapter 12 - Solid waste treatment: technological advancements and challenges. In Karri RR, Ravindran G, Dehghani MH, editors. Soft computing techniques in solid waste and wastewater management. Elsevier; 2021. p. 205–213.
  • Shahabuddin M, Alam MT, Krishna BB, et al. A review on the production of renewable aviation fuels from the gasification of biomass and residual wastes. Bioresour Technol. 2020;312:123596.
  • Lü H, Chen XH, Mo CH, et al. Occurrence and dissipation mechanism of organic pollutants during the composting of sewage sludge: a critical review. Bioresour Technol. 2021;328:124847.
  • Ward AJ, Hobbs PJ, Holliman PJ, et al. Optimisation of the anaerobic digestion of agricultural resources. Bioresour Technol. 2008;99(17):7928–7940.
  • Krasznai DJ, Champagne Hartley R, Roy HM, et al. Compositional analysis of lignocellulosic biomass: conventional methodologies and future outlook. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2018;38(2):199–217.
  • Zhang Q, Liu L. A microbial fuel cell system with manganese dioxide/titanium dioxide/graphitic carbon nitride coated granular activated carbon cathode successfully treated organic acids industrial wastewater with residual nitric acid. Bioresour Technol. 2020;304:122992.
  • Rajapaksha AU, Vithanage M, Zhang M, et al. Pyrolysis condition affected sulfamethazine sorption by tea waste biochars. Bioresour Technol. 2014;166:303–308.
  • Nzediegwu C, Arshad M, Ulah A, et al. Fuel, thermal and surface properties of microwave-pyrolyzed biochars depend on feedstock type and pyrolysis temperature. Bioresour Technol. 2021;320(Pt A):124282.
  • Guo S, Gao Y, Wang Y, et al. Urea/ZnCl2 in situ hydrothermal carbonization of camellia sinensis waste to prepare N-doped biochar for heavy metal removal. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019;26(29):30365–30373.
  • Yagmur E, Ozmak M, Aktas Z. A novel method for production of activated carbon from waste tea by chemical activation with microwave energy. Fuel. 2008;87(15-16):3278–3285.
  • Kumar A, Saini K, Bhaskar T. Hydochar and biochar: production, physicochemical properties and techno-economic analysis. Bioresour Technol. 2020;310:123442.
  • Liu Z, Liu Z. Comparison of hydrochar-and pyrochar-based solid acid catalysts from cornstalk: physiochemical properties, catalytic activity and deactivation behavior. Bioresour Technol. 2020;297:122477.
  • Huang W-H, Lee D-J, Huang C. Modification on biochars for applications: a research update. Bioresour Technol. 2021;319:124100.
  • Duran C, Ozdes D, Gundogdu A, et al. Tea-industry waste activated carbon, as a novel adsorbent, for separation, preconcentration and speciation of chromium. Anal Chim Acta. 2011;688(1):75–83.
  • Guo S, Wang Y, Wei X, et al. Structural analysis and heavy metal adsorption of N-doped biochar from hydrothermal carbonization of camellia sinensis waste. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020;27(15):18866–18874.
  • Gao J, Kong D, Wang Y, et al. Production of mesoporous activated carbon from tea fruit peel residues and its evaluation of methylene blue removal from aqueous solutions. BioResources. 2013;8(2):2145–2160.
  • Gundogdu A, Duran C, Senturk HB, et al. Physicochemical characteristics of a novel activated carbon produced from tea industry waste. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. 2013;104:249–259.
  • Uzun BB, Apaydin-Varol E, Ateş F, et al. Synthetic fuel production from tea waste: characterisation of bio-oil and bio-char. Fuel. 2010;89(1):176–184.
  • Rijo B, Soares Dias AP, Ramos M, et al. Catalyzed pyrolysis of coffee and tea wastes. Energy. 2021;235:121252.
  • Tahir MH, Mubashir T, Hussain MB, et al. Selective catalytic conversion of tea waste biomass into phenolic-rich bio-oil and subsequent extraction. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis. 2021;159:105315.
  • Li L, Huang J, Chen L, et al. Evaluation of crude bio-oil production from green tea waste (GTW) through pyrolysis over clamshell waste as a natural catalyst. Sustain. Energy Technol. Assess. 2022;53:102453.
  • Bharti R, Singh B. Green tea (camellia assamica) extract as an antioxidant additive to enhance the oxidation stability of biodiesel synthesized from waste cooking oil. Fuel. 2020;262:116658.
  • Correia I, Borsato D, Savada F, et al. Inhibition of the biodiesel oxidation by alcoholic extracts of green and black tea leaves and plum pulp: application of the simplex-centroid design. Renew Energy. 2020;160:288–296.
  • Afdhol MK, Lubis HZ, Siregar CP. Bioethanol production from tea waste as a basic ingredient in renewable energy sources. J Earth Energy Eng. 2019;8(1):21–26.
  • Indira D, Das B, Bhawsar H, et al. Investigation on the production of bioethanol from black tea waste biomass in the seawater-based system. Bioresour Technol Rep. 2018;4:209–213.
  • Germec M, Turhan I. Ethanol production from acid-pretreated and detoxified tea processing waste and its modeling. Fuel. 2018;231:101–109.
  • Khayum N, Anbarasu S, Murugan S. Biogas potential from spent tea waste: a laboratory scale investigation of co-digestion with cow manure. Energy. 2018;165:760–768.
  • Thanarasu A, Periyasamy K, Devaraj K, et al. Tea powder waste as a potential co-substrate for enhancing the methane production in anaerobic digestion of carbon-rich organic waste. J Clean Prod. 2018;199:651–658.
  • Rathnasuriya M, Perera G, Herath H. Investigation on the possibility of harnessing biogas from spent tea leaf. In International Research Conference of UWU-2019, Sri Lanka; 2019. http://www.erepo.lib.uwu.ac.lk/bitstream/handle/123456789/105/65.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  • Goel B, Pant D, Kishore V. Two-phase anaerobic digestion of spent tea leaves for biogas and manure generation. Bioresour Technol. 2001;80(2):153–156.
  • Gozde Ozbayram E. Waste to energy: valorization of spent tea waste by anaerobic digestion. Environ Technol. 2021;42(22):3554–3560.
  • Rattanaphan S, Rungrotmongkol T, Kongsune P. Biogas improving by adsorption of CO2 on modified waste tea activated carbon. Renew Energy. 2020;145:622–631.
  • Özarslan S, Abut S, Atelge MR, et al. Modeling and simulation of co-digestion performance with artificial neural network for prediction of methane production from tea factory waste with co-substrate of spent tea waste. Fuel. 2021;306:121715.
  • Augustine MA, Sekhar SJ. Improvement in the calorific value of producer gas from rice husk with addition of spent tea waste as secondary fuel. Energy Fuels. 2019;33(12):12492–12498.
  • Augustine MA, Singh VC, Sekhar SJ. Spent tea waste as a biomass for co-gasification enhances the performance of semi-industrial gasifier working on groundnut shell. Biomass Bioenergy. 2021;145:105964.
  • Oceguera-Contreras E, Aguilar-Juarez O, Oseguera-Galindo D, et al. Establishment of the upstream processing for renewable production of hydrogen using vermicomposting-tea and molasses as substrate. Waste Manag. 2022;139:279–289.
  • Peng C, Yan X-B, Wang R-T, et al. Promising activated carbons derived from waste tea-leaves and their application in high performance supercapacitors electrodes. Electrochim Acta. 2013;87:401–408.
  • Konikkara N, Kennedy LJ, Vijaya JJ. Preparation and characterization of hierarchical porous carbons derived from solid leather waste for supercapacitor applications. J Hazard Mater. 2016;318:173–185.
  • Li M, Xiao H, Zhang T, et al. Activated carbon fiber derived from sisal with large specific surface area for high-performance supercapacitors. ACS Sustainable Chem Eng. 2019;7(5):4716–4723.
  • Ratnaji T, Kennedy LJ. Hierarchical porous carbon derived from tea waste for energy storage applications: Waste to worth. Diam Relat Mater. 2020;110:108100.
  • Ma Q, Xi H, Cui F, et al. Self-templating synthesis of hierarchical porous carbon with multi-heteroatom co-doping from tea waste for high-performance supercapacitor. J Energy Storage. 2022;45:103509.
  • Khalil U, Shakoor MB, Ali S, et al. Adsorption-reduction performance of tea waste and rice husk biochars for Cr (VI) elimination from wastewater. J Saudi Chem Soc. 2020;24(11):799–810.
  • Shirvanimoghaddam K, Czech B, Tyszczuk-Rotko K, et al. Sustainable synthesis of rose flower-like magnetic biochar from tea waste for environmental applications. J Adv Res. 2021;34:13–27.
  • Roy S, Sengupta S, Manna S, et al. Chemically reduced tea waste biochar and its application in treatment of fluoride containing wastewater: batch and optimization using response surface methodology. Process Saf Environ Prot. 2018;116:553–563.
  • Goswami A, Purkait M. Kinetic and equilibrium study for the fluoride adsorption using pyrophyllite. Sep Sci Technol. 2011;46(11):1797–1807.
  • Gaikwad MS, Balomajumder C. Tea waste biomass activated carbon electrode for simultaneous removal of Cr (VI) and fluoride by capacitive deionization. Chemosphere. 2017;184:1141–1149.
  • Nandi BK, Goswami A, Purkait MK. Adsorption characteristics of brilliant green dye on kaolin. J Hazard Mater. 2009;161(1):387–395.
  • Fan S, Tang J, Wang Y, et al. Biochar prepared from co-pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge and tea waste for the adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions: kinetics, isotherm, thermodynamic and mechanism. J Mol Liq. 2016;220:432–441.
  • Salehi E, Askari M, Velashjerdi M, et al. Phosphoric acid-treated spent tea residue biochar for wastewater decoloring: batch adsorption study and process intensification using multivariate data-based optimization. Chem Eng Process. 2020;158:108170.
  • Sikdar D, Goswami S, Das P. Activated carbonaceous materials from tea waste and its removal capacity of indigo carmine present in solution: synthesis, batch and optimization study. Sustain Environ Res. 2020;30(1):1–16.
  • Mu Y, Ma H. NaOH-modified mesoporous biochar derived from tea residue for methylene blue and orange II removal. Chem Eng Res Des. 2021;167:129–140.
  • Ghaedi M, Larki HA, Kokhdan SN, et al. Synthesis and characterization of zinc sulfide nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon for the removal of methylene blue. Environ Prog Sustainable Energy. 2013;32(3):535–542.
  • Tuli F, Hossain A, Kibria AF, et al. Removal of methylene blue from water by low-cost activated carbon prepared from tea waste: a study of adsorption isotherm and kinetics. Environ Nanotechnol Monit Manag. 2020;14:100354.
  • Garba ZN, Shikin F, Afidah A. Valuation of activated carbon from waste tea for the removal of a basic dye from aqueous solution. J Chem Eng Chem Res. 2015;2(5):623–633.
  • Chen Y-P, Zheng C-H, Huang Y-Y, et al. Removal of chlortetracycline from water using spent tea leaves-based biochar as adsorption-enhanced persulfate activator. Chemosphere. 2022;286(Pt 2):131770.
  • Li B, Zhang Y, Xu J, et al. Effect of carbonization methods on the properties of tea waste biochars and their application in tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions. Chemosphere. 2021;267:129283.
  • Khurshid H, Mustafa MRU, Rashid U, et al. Adsorptive removal of COD from produced water using tea waste biochar. Environ Technol Innov. 2021;23:101563.
  • Kan Y, Yue Q, Li D, et al. Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from waste tea by H3PO4 activation in different atmospheres for oxytetracycline removal. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng. 2017;71:494–500.
  • Wong S, Lim Y, Ngadi N, et al. Removal of acetaminophen by activated carbon synthesized from spent tea leaves: equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics studies. Powder Technol. 2018;338:878–886.
  • Wong S, Lee Y, Ngadi N, et al. Synthesis of activated carbon from spent tea leaves for aspirin removal. Chin J Chem Eng. 2018;26(5):1003–1011.
  • Inbaraj BS, Sridhar K, Chen B-H. Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water by magnetic activated carbon nanocomposite from green tea waste. J Hazard Mater. 2021;415:125701.
  • Abdeltaif SA, SirElkhatim KA, Hassan AB. Estimation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity of spent coffee and black tea (processing) waste for potential recovery and reuse in Sudan. Recycling. 2018;3(2):27.
  • Singla RK, Dubey AK, Garg A, et al. Natural polyphenols: chemical classification, definition of classes, subcategories, and structures. J AOAC Int. 2019;102(5):1397–1400. Oxford University Press
  • Abraham AM, Alnemari RM, Brüßler J, et al. Improved antioxidant capacity of black tea waste utilizing PlantCrystals. Molecules. 2021;26(3):592.
  • Xue Z, Wang J, Chen Z, et al. Antioxidant, antihypertensive, and anticancer activities of the flavonoid fractions from green, oolong, and black tea infusion waste. J Food Biochem. 2018;42(6):e12690.
  • Sökmen M, Demir E, Alomar SY. Optimization of sequential supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of caffeine and catechins from green tea. J Supercrit Fluids. 2018;133:171–176.
  • Du L-L, Fu Q-Y, Xiang L-P, et al. Tea polysaccharides and their bioactivities. Molecules. 2016;21(11):1449.
  • Li X, Chen S, Li J-E, et al. Chemical composition and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from yingshan cloud mist tea. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019;2019:1915967.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.