The role of Covid-19 outbreak on well-being of healthcare employees of Turkey by considering gender differences

References

• Aktaş, S., & Pasinlioğlu, T. (2017). Ebelere verilen empati eğitiminin postpartum dönemdeki annelerin beklentilerini karşılama, doğumu ve ebeyi algılama düzeyine etkisi. Jinekoloji Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, 14(2), 60–65.
   Google Scholar
• Amin, S. (2020). The psychology of coronavirus fear: Are healthcare professionals suffering from corona-phobia? International Journal of Healthcare Management, 13(3), 249–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2020.1765119
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aşkın, A. (2019). Sağlık çalışanlarının (doktor ve hemşireler) serbest zaman faaliyetlerine katılım zamanları ile algılanan stres düzeyleri, psikolojik dayanıklıkları arasındaki ilişkinin analizi SBÜ Dr. Siyami Ersek Gögüs Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi örneği. [Master’s thesis]. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
   Google Scholar
• Bai, Y., Lin, C. C., Lin, C. Y., Chen, J. Y., Chue, C. M., & Chou, P. (2004). Survey of stress reactions among health care employees involved with the SARS outbreak. Psychiatric Services (Washington, DC), 55(9), 1055–1057.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balıkçı, A. (2020). İmdada yetişenlerin koronavirüs mesaisi. Retrieved May 23, 2020, from https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/imdada-yetisenlerin-koronavirus-mesaisi/1804016.
   Google Scholar
• Byrne, B. Y. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications and programming. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cao, J., Wei, J., Zhu, H., Duan, Y., Geng, W., Hong, X., … Zhu, B. (2020). A study of basic needs and psychological wellbeing of medical employees in the fever clinic of a tertiary general hospital in Beijing during the COVID-19 outbreak. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, (89)4, 252–254. https://doi.org/10.1159/000507453.
   Google Scholar
• Dağlı, A., & Baysal, N. (2016). Yaşam doyumu ölçeğinin türkçe’ye uyarlanması: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Electronic Journal Of Social Sciences, 15(59), 1250–1262.
   Google Scholar
• Deniz, M. E., Erus, S. M., & Büyükcebeci, A. (2017). Bilinçli farkındalık ile psikolojik iyi oluş ilişkisinde duygusal zekanın aracılık rolü. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 7(47), 17–31.
   Google Scholar
• Di Tella, M., Romeo, A., Benfante, A., & Castelli, L. (2020). Mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice, 26(6), 1583–1587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542–575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener, E. (2006). Guidelines for national indicators of subjective well-being and ill-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7(4), 397–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9000-y
   Google Scholar
• Diener, E. D., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Oishi, S. (2002). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and life satisfaction. Handbook of Positive Psychology, 2, 63–73.
   Google Scholar
• Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Tay, L. (2018). Advances in subjective well-being research. Nature Human Behaviour, 2(4), 253–260. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0307-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener, E., & Ryan, K. (2009). Subjective well-being: A general overview. South African Journal of Psychology, 39(4), 391–406. https://doi.org/10.1177/008124630903900402
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Biswas-Diener, R., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D. W., & Oishi, S. (2009). New measures of well-being. In Assessing well-being (pp. 247–266). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Doğan, T. (2013). Beş faktör kişilik özellikleri ve öznel iyi oluş. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 1(14), 56–64. https://doi.org/10.31671/dogus.2018.95
   Google Scholar
• Eroğlu, F., & Parlar, H. (2018). Evli kadın ve erkeklerde psikolojik iyi oluşun ebeveyn tutumuna etkisinin incelenmesi. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(33), 89–101.
   Google Scholar
• Eryilmaz, A. (2010). Aile yapısı ergeni mutlu eder mi? Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 22(22), 21–30.
   Google Scholar
• Grant, P., & McGhee, P. (2020). Hedonic Versus (True) Eudaimonic Well-Being in Organizations. In: Dhiman S. (Eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Workplace Well-Being. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02470-3_37-1
   Google Scholar
• Griffin, J. (1988). Well-being: Its meaning, measurement and moral ımportance. Oxford Scholarship. Online: November 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Gülaçtı, F. (2010). The effect of perceived social support on subjective well-being. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 3844–3849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.602
   Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2014). Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
   Google Scholar
• Health Personnel. (2020). Sağlık çalışanlarının aile özlemi. Retrieved May 23, 2020, from https://www.saglikpersonelihaber.net/gundem/saglik-calisanlarinin-aile-ozlemi-video-haber-h7637.html.
   Google Scholar
• Hidalgo, J. L. T., Bravo, B. N., Martínez, I. P., Pretel, F. A., Postigo, J. M., & Rabadán, F. E. (2010). Psychological well-being, assessment tools and related factors. IE Wells, Psychological Well Being, 77–113.
   Google Scholar
• Ho, C. S., Chee, C. Y., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Mental health strategies to combat the psychological impact of COVID-19 beyond paranoia and panic. Annals Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 49(1), 1–3.
   Google Scholar
• İşgör, İ. Y. (2017). Eğitim ve sağlık çalışanlarında psikolojik iyi oluş ve özgeciliğin incelenmesi. Electronic Turkish Studies, 12(6), 423–438.
   Google Scholar
• Jun, J., Tucker, S., & Melnyk, B. M. (2020). Clinician mental health and well-being during global healthcare crises: Evidence learned from prior epidemics for COVID-19 pandemic. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 52, 102066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102066.
   Google Scholar
• Kang, L., Ma, S., Chen, M., Yang, J., Wang, Y., Li, R., Yao, L., Bai, H., Cai, Z., Xiang Yang, B., Hu, S., Zhang, K., Wang, G., Ma, C., & Liu, Z. (2020). Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain, Behavior, and İmmunity, 87, 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katana, M., Röcke, C., Spain, S. M., & Allemand, M. (2019). Emotion regulation, subjective well-being, and perceived stress in daily life of geriatric nurses. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 1097. 1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keyes, C. L. M., & Waterman, M. B. (2003). Dimensions of well-being and mental health in adulthood. In M. C. Bornstein, L. Davidson, C. L. M. Keyes, & K. A. Moore (Eds.), Well-being: Positive development across the life course (pp. 477–497). Laurence Erlbaum Associates.
   Google Scholar
• Khan, Y., Taghdisi, M. H., & Nourijelyani, K. (2015). Psychological Well-Being (PWB) of school adolescents aged 12–18 yr, its correlation with general levels of Physical Activity (PA) and socio-demographic factors in Gilgit, Pakistan. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 44(6), 804.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khumalo, I. P., Temane, Q. M., & Wissing, M. P. (2012). Socio-demographic variables, general psychological well-being and the mental health continuum in an African context. Social Indicators Research, 105(3), 419–442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9777-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kılıç, B., Karaman, M., & Yoldaş, A. (2020). Örgütsel bağlılığın psikolojik iyi oluş üzerindeki etkisi: Sağlık çalışanlarında bir araştırma. İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 8(1), 83–100.
   Google Scholar
• Koca. (2020). 7 bin 428 sağlık çalışanı enfekte. Retrieved March 23, 2020, from https://www.trthaber.com/haber/gundem/bakan-koca-tedbirler-mayis-ayinda-da-devam-edecek-480224.html.
   Google Scholar
• Kuşcu-Kartepe, H., & Tiryaki-Şen, H. (2019). ve Psikolojik iyi oluş ile bireysel performans arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi: sağlık çalışanları üzerine bir araştırma (Tam Metin). In 2. Uluslararası Ruh Sağlığında Toplumsal Farkındalık Kongresinde sunulan bildiri. Güven Plus Grup Danışmanlık Yayınları. http://www.guvenplus.com.tr/imagesbuyuk/f922druhsagligi%20-01.pdf#page=66.
   Google Scholar
• Kuyumcu, B. (2012). Türk ve İngiliz üniversite öğrencilerinin psikolojik iyi oluş duygusal farkındalık ve duygularını ifade etmelerinin ülke ve cinsiyet değişkenlerine göre incelenmesi. Erzincan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(2), 1–24.
   Google Scholar
• Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Wu, J., Du, H., Chen, T., Li, R., Tan, H., Kang, L., Yao, L., Huang, M., Wang, H., Wang, G., Liu, Z., & Hu, S. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open, 3(3), e203976–e203976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lincoln, K. D., Taylor, R. J., Chae, D. H., & Chatters, L. M. (2010). Demographic correlates of psychological well-being and distress among older African Americans and Caribbean Black adults. Best Practices in Mental Health, 6(1), 103–126.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lu, W., Wang, H., Lin, Y., & Li, L. (2020). Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Research, 288, 112936.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lykken, D., & Tellegen, A. (1996). Happiness: The natüre and nurture of joy and contentment. St. Martin’s Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K. M., & Schkade, D. (2005). Pursuing happiness: The architecture of sustainable change. Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 111–131. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.111
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministry of Health. (2020). Türkiye’de ki günlük koronavirüs tablosu. Retrieved May 23, 2020, from https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/.
   Google Scholar
• Neuman, W. L., & Robson, K. (2014). Basics of social research. Toronto: Pearson Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Oates, J. (2018). What keeps nurses happy? Implications for workforce well-being strategies. Nursing Management, 25(1), 34–41. https://doi.org/10.7748/nm.2018.e1643
   Google Scholar
• Oskrochi, G., Bani-Mustafa, A., & Oskrochi, Y. (2018). Factors affecting psychological well-being: Evidence from two nationally representative surveys. PloS one, 13(6), e0198638.
   Google Scholar
• Pavot, W. G., & Diener, E. (1993). Review of the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Psychological Assessment, 5(2), 164–172. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.5.2.164
   Google Scholar
• Pollock, N. C., Noser, A. E., Holden, C. J., & Zeigler-Hill, V. (2016). Do orientations to happiness mediate the associations between personality traits and subjective well-being? Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(2), 713–729. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-015-9617-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajkumar, R. P. (2020). COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 52, 102066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramaci, T., Barattucci, M., Ledda, C., & Rapisarda, V. (2020). Social Stigma during COVID-19 and its impact on HEs outcomes. Sustainability, 12(9), 3834. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093834
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Restubog, S. L. D., Ocampo, A. C. G., & Wang, L. (2020). Taking control amidst the chaos: Emotion regulation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 119, 103440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103440
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roothman, B., Kirsten, D. K., & Wissing, M. P. (2003). Gender differences in aspects of psychological well-being. South African Journal of Psychology, 33(4), 212–218. https://doi.org/10.1177/008124630303300403
   Google Scholar
• Ryff, C. D. (1989). Beyond Ponce de Leon and life satisfaction: New directions in quest of successful aging. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 12(1), 35–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/016502548901200102
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryff, C. D. (1995). Psychological well-being in adult life. Current directions in psychological science, 4(4), 99–104.
   Google Scholar
• Ryff, C. D. (2014). Psychological well-being revisited: Advances in the science and practice of eudaimonia. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 83(1), 10–28. https://doi.org/10.1159/000353263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of personality and social psychology, 69(4), 719.
   Google Scholar
• Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(1), 13–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9019-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santarone, K., McKenney, M., & Elkbuli, A. (2020). Preserving mental health and resilience in frontline healthcare employees during COVID-19. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 38(7), 1530–1531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.030
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarı, T., & Çakır, G. (2016). Mutluluk korkusu ile öznel ve psikolojik iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Eğitim ve Öğretim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(25), 222–229.
   Google Scholar
• Shanafelt, T., Ripp, J., & Trockel, M. (2020). Understanding and addressing sources of anxiety among health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Jama, 323(21), 2133–2134.
   Google Scholar
• Singh, G., Singh, A., Zaidi, S. Z. H., & Sharma, S. (2020). A study on mental health and well-being of ındividuals amid COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Mukt Shabd Journal, 9(5), 952–963.
   Google Scholar
• Stansfeld, S. A., Shipley, M. J., Head, J., Fuhrer, R., & Kivimaki, M. (2013). Work characteristics and personal social support as determinants of subjective well-being. PLoS One, 8(11), e81115. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan, B. Y., Chew, N. W., Lee, G. K., Jing, M., Goh, Y., Yeo, L. L., … Shanmugam, G. N. (2020). Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care employees in Singapore. Annals of Internal Medicine, 173(4), 317–320. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-1083.
   Google Scholar
• Telef, B. B. (2013a). Olumlu ve Olumsuz Yaşantı Ölçeği: Ergenler için geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 14(1), 62–68. https://doi.org/10.5455/apd.36692
   Google Scholar
• Telef, B. B. (2013b). Psikolojik iyi oluş ölçeği: Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(28-3), 374–384.
   Google Scholar
• Teoh, K., & Kinman, G. (2020). Looking after doctors’ mental wellbeing during the covid-19 pandemic. BMJ Opinion. https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/31471/
   Google Scholar
• Turkstat. (2020). Sağlık personeli > Sağlık personel sayısı. Retrieved May 31, 2020, from http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1095.
   Google Scholar
• Ünal, Y., Çakır, E., & Tekeli-Yesil, S. (2021). Determinants of the mental health condition of healthcare workers during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Journal of Public Health, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-021-01656-1
   Google Scholar
• Veenhoven, R. (1984). The concept of happiness. In Conditions of happiness (pp. 12–38). Springer, Dordrecht.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeşiltepe, S. S., & Çelik, M. (2014). Öğretmenlerin evlilik uyumlarının psikolojik iyi olma ve bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Elementary Education Online, 13(3), 992–1013.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, S. X., Liu, J., Jahanshahi, A. A., Nawaser, K., Yousefi, A., Li, J., & Sun, S. (2020). At the height of the storm: Healthcare staff’s health conditions and job satisfaction and their associated predictors during the epidemic peak of COVID-19. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, 144–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar