Measurement of Denial in the Terminally Ill: A Critical Review

REFERENCES

• Boyar, J. I. (1964). The construction and partial validation of a scale for the measurement of the fear of death. Dissertation Abstracts International, 25, 2041.
   Google Scholar
• Breznitz, S. (1983). The seven kinds of denial. In S. Breznitz (Ed.), The Denial of Stress (pp. 257–280). New York: International University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Byrne, D. (1961). The Repression-Sensitization Scale: Rationale, reliability, and validity. Journal of Personality, 29, 334–339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrne, D., Barry, J., & Nelson, D. (1963). Relation of the Revised Repression-Sensitization Scale to measures of self description. Psychological Reports, 13, 323–334.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collett, L., & Lester, D. (1969). The fear of death and the fear of dying. Journal of Psychology, 72, 179–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cousins, N. (1982). Denial: Are sharper definitions needed? Journal of the American Medical Association, 248(2), 210–212.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dansak, D. A., & Cordes, R. S. (1978–79). Cancer: Denial or suppression. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 9(3–4), 257–262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durlak, J. A. (1972). Measurement of the fear of death: An examination of some existing scales. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28(4), 545–547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durlak, J. A. (1982). Using the Templer Scale to assess “death anxiety": A cautionary note. Psychological Reports, 50, 1257–1258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feder, C. Z. (1967). Relationship of repression-sensitization to adjustment status, social desirability, and acquiesence response set. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 31, 401–406.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1980). An analysis of coping in a middle aged community sample. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 21, 219–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (1985). If it changes, it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48(1), 150–170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freud, S. (1940). An outline of psychoanalysis. In the Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, Vol. 23 (pp. 144–207). London: The Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis.
   Google Scholar
• Froese, A. P., Cassent, N. A., Hackett, T. P., & Silverberg, E. L. (1975). Galvanic skin potential as a predictor of mental status, anxiety, depression, and denial in acute coronary patients. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 19(1), 1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gleser, G., & Ihilivech, D. (1969). An objective instrument for measuring defense mechanisms. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33(1), 51–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gleser, G., & Sachs, M. (1973). Ego defenses and reaction to stress: A validation study of the Defense Mechanism Inventory. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 40(2), 181–187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golin, S., Herron, E. W., Lakota, R., & Reineck, L. (1967). Factor analytic study of the Manifest Anxiety, Extraversion, and Repression-Sensitization Scales. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 3(6), 564–569.
   Google Scholar
• Haan, N. (1965). Coping and defense mechanisms related to personality inventories. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 29(4), 373–378.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hacked, T. P., & Cassem, N. H. (1974). Development of a quantitative rating scale to assess denial. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 18(2), 93–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handel, P. J. (1973). Development of a social desirability and acquiescence controlled Repression-Sensitization Scale and some preliminary validity data. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 29(4), 486–487.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Highland, A. C. (1980). Confounding of the Repression-Sensitization Scale, controlled for social desirability, with the IPAT Anxiety Scale. Psychological Reports, 47, 1003–1006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houston, B. K., & Hodges, W. F. (1970). Situational denial and performance under stress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 16, 726–730.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jennings, B. M., & Muhlenkamp, A. F. (1981). Systematic misperception: Oncology patients self-reported affective states and their caregivers perceptions. Cancer Nursing, 12, 485–489.
   Google Scholar
• Karnofsky, D. A., & Burchenal, J. H. (1949). The clinical evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer. In C. M. MacLeod, (Ed.), Evaluation of Chemotherapeutic Agents (pp. 193–198). New York: Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kastenbaum, R., & Costa, P. T. (1977). Psychological perspectives on death. Annual Review of Psychology, 28, 225–249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kneier, A. W., & Temoshok, L. (1984). Repressive coping reactions in patients with malignant melanoma as compared to cardiovascular disease patients. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 28(2), 145–155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kübler-Ross, E. (1969). On Death and Dying. New York: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Lazarus, R. S., & Golden, G. (1981). The function of denial in stress, coping and aging. In E. MeGarraugh, & S. Kiesler (Eds.), Biology, Behavior and Aging (pp. 283–307). New York: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Liberty, P. G., Jr., Lonneborg, C. E., & Atkinson, G. C. (1964). Perceptual defense, dissimulation and response styles. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 28, 529–537.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Little, K. B., & Fischer, J. (1958). Two new experimental scales of the MMPI. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 22, 305–306.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McMordie, W. R. (1979). Improving measurement of death anxiety. Psychological Reports, 44(3), 975–980.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMordie, W. E. (1982). Concurrent validity of Templer and Templer/McMordie Death Anxiety Scales. Psychological Reports, 51, 267–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarnoff, I., & Corwin, S. E. (1958). Castration anxiety and the fear of death. Journal of Personality, 27, 375–385.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shady, G. (1978). Coping styles of patients with life threatening illness: A literature review. Essence, 2(3), 149–154.
   Google Scholar
• Sjoback, H. (1973). Die Psychoanalytic Theory of Defensive Processes. New York: Wiley and Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, J. A. (1953). A personality scale of manifest anxiety. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 48, 285–290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Templer, D. I. (1970). The construction and validation of a death anxiety scale. Journal of General Psychology, 48, 285–290.
   Google Scholar
• Verwoerdt, A. (1972). Psychopathological responses to the stress of physical illness (chapter). In Z.J. Lipowsky, (Ed.), Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine, Vol. 8, Psychosocial Aspects of Physical Illness (pp. 119–141). New York: S. Karger.
   Google Scholar
• Wechsler, D. (1955). Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. New York: The Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Weinstein, J., Averill, J. R., Upton, E. M., & Lazarus, R. S. (1968). Defensive style and discrepancy between self report and physiological indexes of stress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 10, 406–413.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisman, A. D. (1972). On Dying and Denying, A Psychiatric Study of Terminality. New York: Behavioral Publications, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Weiss, D. S., Horowitz, M. J., & Wilner, N. (1984). The Stress Response Rating Scale: A clinician’s measure for rating the response to serious life-events. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 23, 202–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weissman, N. H., Ritter, K., & Gordon, R. M. (1971). Reliability study of the Defense Mechanism Inventory. Psychological Reports, 29, 1237–1238.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar