Medical Guidelines for Determining Prognosis in Selected Non-Cancer Diseases

REFERENCES

• Kinzbrunner, BM et al. “Debility, unspecified: a terminal diagnosis.” Abstract, J Palliat Care 1994;4:58.
   Google Scholar
• Kinzbrunner BM. “Non-malignant terminal diseases: criteria for hospice admission.” Hospice Update 1993;3:3–6.
   Google Scholar
• Karnofsky DA et al. “The use of nitrogen mustards in the palliative treatment of cancer.” Cancer 1948; 1(4):634.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mor V et al. “The Karnofsky Performance Status Scale: an examination of its reliability and validity in a research setting.” Cancer 1984; 53:2002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans C et al. “Prognostic uncertainty in terminal care: can the Karnofsky index help?” Lancet 1985; 1:1204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz S et al. “Studies of illness in the aged. The Index of ADL: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function.” JAMA 1963; 185:914.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson LJ et al. “The elderly in residential care: mortality in relation to functional capacity.” J Epidemiol and Comm Health 1980; 34:96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudman D et al. “Antecedents of death in the men of a Veterans’ Administration nursing home.” J’Am Geriatr Soc 1987; 35:496.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolinsky FD et al. “Changes in functional status and the risks of subsequent nursing home placement and death.” J Gerontol and Soc Sci 1993; 48(3):S94.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Narain F et al. “Predictors of immediate and 6-month outcomes in hospitalized elderly patients: the importance of functional status.” J Am Geriatr Soc 1988;36:775.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldfarb AI et al. “Predictors of mortality in the institutionalized aged.” Dis Nerv System 1966; 27(1):21.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lichtenstein MJ et al. “Factors associated with early demise in nursing home residents: a case control study.” J Am Geriatr Soc 1985; 33:315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reuben DB et al. “Value of functional status as a predictor of mortality: results of a prospective study.” Am J Med 1992; 93:663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark LP et al. “Taking to bed: rapid functional decline in an independently mobile older population living in: intermediate-care facility.” J Am Geriatr Soc 1990; 38:967.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• This may be a factor that independently determines early mortality in selected patients. See Siebens H et al. “Correlates and consequences of eating dependency in institutionalized elderly.” J Am Geriatr Soc 1986; 34:192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murden RA et al. “Recent weight loss is related to short-term mortality in nursing homes.” J Gen Int Med 1994; 9:648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dwyer JT et al. “Changes in relative weight among institutionalized elderly adults.” J Gerontol 1987; 42(3):246.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marton K.I. et al. “Involuntary weight loss: diagnostic and prognostic significance.” Ann Int Med 1974; 95:568.
   Google Scholar
• Rudman D, op. cit.
   Google Scholar
• Corti M-C et al. “Serum albumin level and physical disability as predictors of mortality in older persons.” JAMA 1994; 272:1036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agrawal N et al. “Predictive ability of various nutritional variables for mortality in elderly people.” Am J Clin Nutr 1988; 48:1173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guenter P et al. “Relationships among nutritional status, disease progression and survival in HIV infection.” J Acq Immun Defic Synd 1993; 6:1130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips P et al. “Grip strength, mental performance and nutritional status as indicators of mortality risk among female geriatric patients.” Age and Aging 1986; 15:53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Runman D et al., op. cit.
   Google Scholar
• From Nomenclature and Criteria for Diagnosis of Disease of the Heart and Great Vessels. 9th Ed., Little Brown & Co., 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Marantz PR et al. “Prognosis in ischemic heart disease: can you tell as much at the bedside as in the nuclear laboratory?” Arch Int Med 1992;152:2433–2437.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ladry FJ et al. “Outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the intensive care setting.” Arch Int Med 1992 Nov; 152(11):2305–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Middiekauff HR et al. “Syncope in advanced heart failure: high risk of sudden death regardless of origin of synscope.” J Am Coll Cardiol 1993 Jan;21(1): 110–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maggiorini M. “Indications for heart transplantation: preoperative assessment and treatment.” Ther Umsch 1993 Jun;50(6):434–41.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kapoor WN. “Evaluation and outcome of patients with syncope.” Medicine (Baltimore) 1990 May;69(3): 160–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly TL et al. “Prediction of outcome in late-stage cardiomyopathy.” Am Heart J 1990 May; 119(5):1111–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornig CR et al. “Early outcome and recurrences after cardiologic brain embolism.” Acta Neurol Scand 1993 Jul;88(1):26–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Currie PF et al. “Heart muscle disease related to HIV infection: prognostic implications.” Brit Med J 1994 Dec 17;309(6969):1605–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burrows B et al. “Course and prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.” N Eng J Med 1969;280:397–404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearlman RA. “Variability of physician estimates of survival for acute respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.” Chest 1987;91(4):515–521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaelin RM et al. “Failure to predict six-month survival of patients with COPD requiring mechanical ventilation by analysis of simple indices.” Chest 1987;92(6):971–978.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anthonisen NR. “Prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from multicenter clinical trials.” Am Rev Resp Dis 1989; 140:S95–S99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodgkin JE. “Prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.” Clin Chest Med 1990; 11:555–569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Traver GA et al. “Predictors of mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.” Am Rev Resp Dis 1979; 119:895–902.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diener CF et al. “Further observations on the course and prognosis of chronic obstructive lung disease.” Am Rev Resp Dis 1975; 111:719–724.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanner RE et al. “Predictors of survival in subjects with chronic airflow limitation.” Am J Med 1983;74:249–255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Postma DS et al. “Prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the Dutch experience.” Am Rev Resp Dis 1989; 140 (Suppl):S100–S105.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boushy SF et al. “Factors affecting prognosis in emphysema.” Dis Chest 1964;45:402–411.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• France AJ et al. “Does right ventricular function predict survival in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease?” Thorax 1988;11:423–434.
   Google Scholar
• Kawakami Y. “Prognostic factors in COPD: the importance of pulmonary hemodynamic variables.” Pract Cardiol 1985;11:124–137.
   Google Scholar
• Braun SR et al. “Predictive clinical value of nutritional assessment factors in COPD.” Chest 1984;85:353–357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson DO et al. “Body weight in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. National Institutes of Health Intermittent Positive-Pressure Breathing Trial.” Am Rev Resp Dis 1989;139:1435–1438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shih H et al. “Frequency and significance of cardiac arrhythmias in chronic obstructive lung disease.” Chest 1988;94:44–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahn SA et al. “Ten-year follow up of a comprehensive rehabilitation program for severe COPD.” Chest 1980;77(suppl):311–314.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Postma DS et al. “Prognosis in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.” Am Rev Resp Dis 1979; 119:357–367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
•  l Anthonisen NR et al. “Prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.” Am Rev Resp Dis 1986; 133:14–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katzman R et al. “The malignancy of dementia: Predictors of mortality in clinically diagnosed dementia in a population survey of Shanghai, China.” Arch Neurol 1994;51(12): 1220–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Drachman DA et al. “The prognosis in Alzheimer’s disease: ‘how far’ rather than ‘how fast’ best predicts the outcome.” Arch Neurol 1990;47(8):851–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Walsh JS et al. “Survival of outpatients with Alzheimer-type dementia.” Ann Int Med 1990; 113(6):429–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volicer BJ et al. “Predicting short-term survival for patients with advanced Alzheimer’s disease.” J Am Geriatr Soc 1993;41:535–540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koopmans RT et al. “Multi-infarct dementia in nursing home patients: more comorbidity and shorter life expectancy than in Alzheimer’s disease.” Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1992; 136(45):2223–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reding MJ et al. “Follow up of patients referred to a dementia service.” J Am Geriatr Soc 1984;32(4):265–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brodaty H et al. “Time until institutionalization and death in patients with dementia.” Arch Neurol 1993;50(6):643–50.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reisberg B. “Functional Assessment Staging (FAST).” Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 1988;24:653–659.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reisberg B et al. “Dementia staging in chronic care populations.” in Alzheimer s Disease and Associated Disorders. 1994;8(Suppl.)S188–S205.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
•  l Hanrahan P et al. “Survival time among end-stage demented hospice patients.” NR253, presented at annual conference of American Psychiatric Association, Miami, Florida, 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Alexakos MJ et al. “Criteria to enroll end-stage dementia patients into hospice.” NR516, presented at annual conference of American Psychiatric Association, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Adapted from Jacox A et al., Management of Cancer Pain. US Department of Health and Human Services, AHCPR Publication No. 94–0592, March 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Fabiszcewski KJ et al. “Effect of antibiotic treatment on outcome of fevers in institutionalized Alzheimer patients.” JAMA 1990;263:3168–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar