Thermoregulatory effects of melatonin in relation to sleepiness

References

• Aizawa S., Tokura H., Morita T. The administration of exogenous melatonin during the daytime lowers the thermoregulatory setpoint in humans. J. Therm. Biol. 2002; 27: 115–119
   Google Scholar
• Aschoff J. Temperaturregulation. Energiehaushalt und Temperaturregulation. Physiologie des Menschen, O. H. Gauer, K. Kramer, R. Jung. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Munich 1971; 43–112
   Google Scholar
• Aschoff J., Heise A. Thermal conductance in man: Its dependence on time of day and of ambient temperature. Advances in Climatic Physiology, S. Itoh, K. Ogata, H. Yoshimura. Igako Shoin, Tokyo 1972; 334–348
   Google Scholar
• Aschoff J., Biebach H., Heise A., Schmidt T. Day night variation in heat balance. Heat Loss from Animals and Man, J. L. Monteith, M. L.F. Butterworths, London 1974; 147–172
   Google Scholar
• Baker M. A., Cronin M. J., Mountjoy D. G. Variability of skin temperature in the waking monkey. Am. J. Physiol. 1976; 230: 449–455
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brown C. C. Toe temperature change: A measure of sleep onset?. Waking Sleeping 1979; 3: 353–359
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cagnacci A., Elliot J. A., Yen S. S.C. Melatonin: A major regulator of the circadian rhythm of core body temperature in humans. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1992; 75: 447–452
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cagnacci A., Kräuchi K., Wirz‐Justice A., Volpe A. Homeostatic versus circadian effects of melatonin on core body temperature in humans. J. Biol. Rhythms 1997; 12: 509–517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cajochen C., Kräuchi K., Wirz‐Justice A. The acute soporific action of daytime melatonin administration: effects on the EEG during wakefulness and subjective alertness. J. Biol. Rhythms 1997; 12: 636–643
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Campbell S. S., Broughton R. J. Rapid decline in body temperature before sleep: fluffing the physiological pillow?. Chronobiol. Int. 1994; 11: 126–131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czeisler C. A., Weitzman E. D., Moore‐Ede M. C., Zimmerman J. C., Knauer R. S. Human sleep: its duration and organization depend on its circadian phase. Science 1980; 210: 1264–1267
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawson D., Reid K. Fatigue, alcohol and performance impairment. Nature 1997; 388: 235
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubocovich M., Masana M., Benloucif S. Molecular pharmacology and function of melatonin receptor subtypes. Melatonin After Four DecadesKluwer Academic Edition, J. Olcese. Plenum Publishers, New York 2000; 181–190
   Google Scholar
• Gilbert S., Van den Heuvel C., Dawson D. Daytime melatonin and temazepam in young adult humans: equivalent effects on sleep latency and body temperatures. J. Physiol. 1999; 514.3: 905–914
   Google Scholar
• Glotzbach S. F., Heller H. C. Temperature regulation. Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine3rd Ed, M. H. Kryger, T. Roth, W. C. Dement. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia 2000; 289–304
   Google Scholar
• Gradisar M., Lack L. Relationships between the circadian rhythms of finger temperature, core temperature, sleep latency, and subjective sleepiness. J. Biol. Rhythms 2004; 19: 157–163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant R. T., Bland E. F. Observations on arteriovenous anastomoses in human skin and in the bird's foot with special reference to the reaction to cold. Heart 1931; 15: 385–411
   Google Scholar
• Hales J. R.S. Skin arteriovenous anastomoses, their control and role in thermoregulation. Cardiovascular Shunts. Alfred Benzon Symposium 21, K. Johansen, W. W. Burggren. Munksgaard, Copenhagen 1985; 433–451
   Google Scholar
• Johnson J. M. Nonthermoregulatory control of human skin blood flow. J. Appl. Physiol. 1986; 61: 1613–1622
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kräuchi K., Wirz‐Justice A. Circadian rhythm of heat production, heart rate, and skin and core temperature under unmasking conditions in men. Am. J. Physiol. 1994; 267: R819–R826
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kräuchi K., Cajochen C., Wirz‐Justice A. A relationship between heat loss and sleepiness: effects of postural change and melatonin administration. J. Appl. Physiol. 1997a; 83: 134–139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kräuchi K., Cajochen C., Hofmann M., Wirz‐Justice A. Melatonin and orthostasis: Interactions of posture with subjective sleepiness, heart rate, and skin and core temperature. Sleep Res. 1997b; 26: 79
   Google Scholar
• Kräuchi K., Cajochen C., Möri D., Graw P., Wirz‐Justice A. Early evening melatonin and S‐20098 advance circadian phase and nocturnal regulation of core body temperature. Am. J. Physiol. 1997c; 272: 1178–1188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kräuchi K., Cajochen C., Werth E., Wirz‐Justice A. Warm feet promote the rapid onset of sleep. Nature 1999a; 401: 36–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kräuchi K., Werth E., Wüst D., Renz C., Wirz‐Justice A. Interaction of melatonin with core body cooling: sleepiness is primarily associated with heat loss and not with a decrease in core temperature. Sleep 1999b; 22(Suppl1)285–286
   Google Scholar
• Kräuchi K., Cajochen C., Werth E., Wirz‐Justice A. Functional link between distal vasodilation and sleep‐onset latency?. Am. J. Physiol. 2000; 278: R741–R748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kräuchi K., Pache M., von Arb M., Flammer J., Wirz‐Justice A. Infrared thermometry of finger and face skin temperatures after melatonin administration. Chronobiol. Int. 2002; 19: 993–994
   Google Scholar
• Kumar V. M. Body temperature and sleep: are they controlled by the same mechanism?. Sleep Biol. Rhythms 2004; 2: 103–124
   Google Scholar
• Lack L., Gradisar M. Acute finger temperature changes preceding sleep onsets over a 45‐h period. J. Sleep Res. 2002; 11: 275–282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masana M. I., Doolen S., Ersahin C., AL‐Ghoul W. M., Duckles S. P., Dubocovich M. L., Krause D. N. MT2 melatonin receptors are present and functional in rat caudal artery. J Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2002; 302: 1295–1302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore R. Y., Danchenko R. L. Paraventricular‐subparaventricular hypothalamic lesions selectively affect circadian function. Chronobiol. Int. 2002; 19: 345–360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray C. A. Melatonin attenuates sympathetic nerve response to orthostatic stress in humans. J. Physiol 2003; 551: 1043–1048
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiter R. J., Tan D.‐X. What constitutes a physiological concentration of melatonin. J. Pineal Res. 2003; 34: 79–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saper C. B. The central autonomic nervous system: conscious visceral perception and autonomic pattern generation. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2002; 25: 433–469
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satinoff E. Neural organization and evolution of thermal regulation in mammals. Science 1978; 201: 16–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szymusiak R., Steininger T., Alam N., McGinty D. Preoptic area sleep‐regulating mechanisms. Arch. Ital. Biol. 2001; 139: 77–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Touitou Y., Portaluppi F., Smolensky M. H., Resning L. Ethical principles and standards for the conduct of human and animal biological rhythm research. Chronobiol. Int. 2004; 21: 161–170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van den Heuvel C., Ferguson S. A., Macchi M. M., Dawson D. Melatonin as a hypnotic. Con Sleep. Med. Rev. 2005; 9: 71–80
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Someren E. J.W. More than a marker: interaction between circadian regulation of temperature and sleep, age‐related changes, and treatment possibilities. Chronobiol. Int. 2000; 17: 313–354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viswanathan M., Laitinen J. T., Saavedra J. M. Expression of melatonin receptors in arteries involved in thermoregulation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1990; 87: 6200–6203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zepelin H. Mammalian sleep. Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, M. H. Kryger, T. Roth, W. C. Dement. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia 2000; 82–92
   Google Scholar
• Zulley J., Wever R., Aschoff J. The dependence of onset and duration of sleep on the circadian rhythm of rectal temperature. Pflügers Arch. 1981; 391: 314–318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar