The suitability of actigraphy, diary data, and urinary melatonin profiles for quantitative assessment of sleep disturbances in schizophrenia: A case report

References

• Aldhous M. E., Arendt J. Radioimmunoassay for 6‐sulphatoxymelatonin in urine using an iodinated tracer. Ann. Clin. Biochem. 1988; 25(Pt3)298–303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ancoli‐Israel S., Cole R., Alessi C., Chambers M., Moorcroft W., Pollak C. P. The role of actigraphy in the study of sleep and circadian rhythms. Sleep 2003; 26: 342–392
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arendt J. Melatonin assays in body fluids. J. Neural Transm. Suppl. 1978; 265–278
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arendt J., Skene D. J. Melatonin as a chronobiotic. Sleep Med. Rev. 2005; 9: 25–39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arendt J., Bojkowski C., Franey C., Wright J., Marks V. Immunoassay of 6‐hydroxymelatonin sulfate in human plasma and urine: Abolition of the urinary 24‐hour rhythm with atenolol. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1985; 60: 1166–1173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayalon L., Hermesh H., Dagan Y. Case study of circadian rhythm sleep disorder following haloperidol treatment: Reversal by risperidone and melatonin. Chronobiol. Int. 2002; 19: 947–959
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benloucif S., Guico M. J., Reid K. J., Wolfe L. F., L'Hermite‐Baleriaux M., Zee P. C. Stability of melatonin and temperature as circadian phase markers and their relation to sleep times in humans. J. Biol. Rhythms 2005; 20: 178–188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boivin D. B., Czeisler C. A. Resetting of circadian melatonin and cortisol rhythms in humans by ordinary room light. Neuroreport 1998; 9: 779–782
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boivin D. B., Duffy J. F., Kronauer R. E., Czeisler C. A. Dose‐response relationships for resetting of human circadian clock by light. Nature 1996; 379: 540–542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cagnacci A., Krauchi K., Wirz‐Justice A., Volpe A. Homeostatic versus circadian effects of melatonin on core body temperature in humans. J. Biol. Rhythms 1997; 12: 509–517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowley S. J., Lee C., Tseng C. Y., Fogg L. F., Eastman C. I. Complete or partial circadian re‐entrainment improves performance, alertness, and mood during night‐shift work. Sleep 2004; 27: 1077–1087
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dijk D. J., von Schantz M. Timing and consolidation of human sleep, wakefulness, and performance by a symphony of oscillators. J. Biol. Rhythms 2005; 20: 279–290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eastman C. I., Young M. A., Fogg L. F., Liu L., Meaden P. M. Bright light treatment of winter depression: A placebo‐controlled trial. Arch. Gen. Psichiatr. 1998; 55: 883–889
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haffmans P. M.J., Oolders J. M., Hoencamp E., Arends J. B.A.M. The effect of risperidone versus haloperidol on sleep patterns of schizophrenic patients: Results of a double‐blind, randomised pilot trial. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2001; 11(Suppl. 3)S260
   Google Scholar
• Haug H. J., Wirz‐Justice A., Rossler W. Actigraphy to measure day structure as a therapeutic variable in the treatment of schizophrenic patients. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. Suppl. 2000; 91–95
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hinze‐Selch D., Mullington J., Orth A., Lauer C. J., Pollmacher T. Effects of clozapine on sleep: A longitudinal study. Biol. Psych. 1997; 42: 260–266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalsa S. B., Jewett M. E., Cajochen C., Czeisler C. A. A phase response curve to single bright light pulses in human subjects. J. Physiol. 2003; 549: 945–952
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krauchi K., Cajochen C., Wirz‐Justice A. A relationship between heat loss and sleepiness: Effects of postural change and melatonin administration. J. Appl. Physiol. 1997; 83: 134–139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kripke D. F. Light treatment for nonseasonal depression: Speed, efficacy, and combined treatment. J. Affect. Disord. 1998; 49: 109–117
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewy A. J., Sack R. L. The dim light melatonin onset as a marker for circadian phase position. Chronobiol. Int. 1989; 6: 93–102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewy A. J., Bauer V. K., Cutler N. L., Sack R. L., Ahmed S., Thomas K. H., Blood M. L., Jackson J. M. Morning vs. evening light treatment of patients with winter depression. Arch. Gen. Psychiatr. 1998; 55: 890–896
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann K., Rossbach W., Muller M. J., Muller‐Siecheneder F., Pott T., Linde I., Dittmann R. W., Hiemke C. Nocturnal hormone profiles in patients with schizophrenic treated with olanzapine. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2005; xx: 1–9
   Google Scholar
• Martin J., Jeste D. V., Caliguiri M. P., Patterson T., Heaton R., Ancoli‐Israel S. Actigraphic estimates of circadian rhythms and sleep/wake in older schizophrenic patients. Schizophr. Res. 2001; 47: 77–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills J. N., Morgan R., Minors D. S., Waterhouse J. M. The free‐running circadian rhythms of two schizophrenics. Chronobiologia 1977; 4: 353–360
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rodenbeck A., Huether G., Ruther E., Hajak G. Altered circadian melatonin secretion patterns in relation to sleep in patients with chronic sleep‐wake rhythm disorders. J. Pineal Res. 1998; 25: 201–210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roenneberg T., Wirz‐Justice A., Merrow M. Life between clocks: Daily temporal patterns of human chronotypes. J. Biol. Rhythms 2003; 18: 80–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenthal N. E., Sack D. A., Gillin J. C., Lewy A. J., Goodwin F. K., Davenport Y., Mueller P. S., Newsome D. A., Wehr T. A. Seasonal affective disorder. A description of the syndrome and preliminary findings with light therapy. Arch. Gen. Psych. 1984; 41: 72–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sack R. L., Lewy A. J., Hughes R. J. Use of melatonin for sleep and circadian rhythm disorders. Ann. Med. 1998; 30: 115–121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salin‐Pascual R. J., Herrera‐Estrella M., Galicia‐Polo L., Laurrabaquio M. R. Olanzapine acute administration in schizophrenic patients increases delta sleep and sleep efficiency. Biol. Psych. 1999; 46: 141–143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibui K., Uchiyama M., Okawa M. Melatonin rhythms in delayed sleep phase syndrome. J. Biol. Rhythms 1999; 14: 72–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skene D. J., Lockley S. W., Arendt J. Melatonin in circadian sleep disorders in the blind. Biol. Signals Recept. 1999a; 8: 90–95
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Skene D. J., Lockley S. W., Arendt J. Use of melatonin in the treatment of phase shift and sleep disorders. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 1999b; 467: 79–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terman J. S., Terman M. Photopic and scotopic light detection in patients with seasonal affective disorder and control subjects. Biol. Psych. 1999; 46: 1642–1648
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terman M., Terman J. S. Light therapy for seasonal and nonseasonal depression: Efficacy, protocol, safety, and side effects. CNS Spectr. 2005; 10: 647–663, quiz 672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Touitou Y., Portaluppi Y., Smolensky M. H., Rensing L. Ethical principles and standards for the conduct of human and animal biological rhythm research. Chronobiol. Int. 2004; 21: 161–170
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uchiyama M., Okawa M., Shibui K., Kim K., Tagaya H., Kudo Y., Kamei Y., Hayakawa T., Urata J., Takahashi K. Altered phase relation between sleep timing and core body temperature rhythm in delayed sleep phase syndrome and non‐24‐hour sleep‐wake syndrome in humans. Neurosci. Lett. 2000; 294: 101–104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weitzman E. D., Czeisler C. A., Coleman R. M., Spielman A. J., Zimmerman J. C., Dement W., Richardson G., Pollak C. P. Delayed sleep phase syndrome. A chronobiological disorder with sleep‐onset insomnia. Arch. Gen. Psych. 1981; 38: 737–746
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wirz‐Justice A., Cajochen C., Nussbaum P. A schizophrenic patient with an arrhythmic circadian rest‐activity cycle. Psychiatry Res. 1997; 73: 83–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wirz‐Justice A., Werth E., Savaskan E., Knoblauch V., Gasio P. F., Muller‐Spahn F. Haloperidol disrupts, clozapine reinstates the circadian rest‐activity cycle in a patient with early‐onset Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 2000; 14: 212–215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wirz‐Justice A., Haug H. J., Cajochen C. Disturbed circadian rest‐activity cycles in schizophrenic patients: An effect of drugs?. Schizophr. Bull. 2001; 27: 497–502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright K. P., Jr., Gronfier C., Duffy J. F., Czeisler C. A. Intrinsic period and light intensity determine the phase relationship between melatonin and sleep in humans. J. Biol. Rhythms 2005; 20: 168–177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wulff K., Siegmund R. Time pattern analysis of activity‐rest rhythms in families with infants using actigraphy. Awakening and Sleep‐wake Cycle Across Development (Advances in Concsiousness Research), P. Salzarulo, G. Ficca. John Benjamins, Amsterdam/Philadelphia 2002; 149–169
   Google Scholar
• Zeitzer J. M., Dijk D. J., Kronauer R., Brown E., Czeisler C. Sensitivity of the human circadian pacemaker to nocturnal light: Melatonin phase resetting and suppression. J. Physiol. 2000; 526: 695–702
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar