Seasonality and Coronary Heart Disease Deaths in United States Firefighters

References

• Beard C M, Fuster V, Elveback L R. Daily and seasonal variation in sudden cardiac death, Rochester, Minnesota, 1950–1975. Mayo Clin. Proc. 1982; 57: 704–706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biedrzycki O, Baithun S. Seasonal variation in mortality from myocardial infarction and haemopericardium. A postmortem study. J. Clin. Pathol. 2006; 59: 64–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bull G M, Morton J. Environment, temperature and death rate. Ageing. 1978; 7: 210–224
   Google Scholar
• Cagle A, Hubbard R. Cold‐related cardiac mortality in King County, Washington, USA, 1980–2001. Ann. Hum. Biol. 2005; 32: 525–537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen M C, Rohtla K M, Lavery C E, Muller J E, Mittleman M A. Meta analysis of the morning excess of acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. Am. J. Cardiol. 1997; 79: 1512–1516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danet S, Richard F, Montaye M, Beauchant S, Lemaire B, Graux C, Cottel D, Marecaux N, Amouyel P. Unhealthy effects of atmospheric temperature and pressure on the occurrence of myocardial infarction and coronary deaths. A ten‐year survey: the Lille‐World Health Organization MONICA project (Monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease). Circulation. 1999; 100: E1–E7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson G C, Keating W R. Early increases in ischemic heart disease mortality dissociated from and later changes associated with respiratory mortality after cold weather in southeast England. J. Epidemiol. Comm. Hlth. 1997; 51: 643–648
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fahy R. Sudden cardiac death: U. S. firefighter fatalities due to sudden cardiac death, 1995–2004. National Fire Protection Association Journal. 2005; 99: 44–47
   Google Scholar
• Gonzalez Hernandez E, Cabades O'Callaghan A, Cebrian Domenech J, Lopez Merino V, Sanjuan Manez R, Echanove Errazti I, Valencia Martin J, Bertomeu Martinez V. Seasonal variations in admissions for acute myocardial infarction. The PRIMVAC study. Rev. Esp. Cardiol. 2004; 57: 12–19, for the PRIMVAC study investigators
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guidotti T L. Human factors in firefighting: ergonomic, cardiopulmonary, and psychogenic stress‐related issues. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health. 1992; 64: 1–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holder J D, Stalling L, Peeples L, Burress J W, Kales S N. Firefighter heart presumption retirements in Massachusetts: 1997–2004. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 2006; 48: 1047–1053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kales S N, Soteriades E, Christoudias S G, Christiani D C. Firefighters and on‐duty deaths from coronary heart disease. Environ. Hlth. 2003; 6: 14
   Google Scholar
• Kales S N, Soteriades E, Christophi C A, Christiani D C. Emergency duties and deaths from heart disease among firefighters in the United States. N. Engl. J. Med. 2007; 356: 1207–1215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalkstein L, Valimon K. An evaluation of summer discomfort in the United States using a relative climatological index. Bull. Am. Meterol. Soc. 1986; 67: 842–848
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunst A E, Looman C WN, Mackenbach J P. Outdoor air temperature and mortality in the Netherlands: a time‐series analysis. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1993; 137: 331–341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levy D, Lumley T, Sheppard L, Kaufman J, Checkoway H. Referent selection in case‐crossover analyses of acute health effects of air pollution. Epidemiology. 2001; 12: 186–192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madjid M, Miller C C, Zarubaev V V, Marinich I G, Kiselev O I, Lobzin Y V, Fililppov A E, Casscells S W. Influenza epidemics and acute respiratory disease activity are associated with a surge in autopsy‐confirmed coronary heart disease death: results from eight years of autopsies in 34,892 subjects. Eur Heart J. 2007; 28(10)1205–1210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maguire B J, Hunting K L, Smith G S, Levick N R. Occupational fatalities in emergency medical services: a hidden crisis. Ann. Emerg. Med. 2002; 40: 625–632
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manfredini R, Boari B, Smolensky M H, Salmi R, Gallerani M, Guerzoni F, Guerra V, Maria Malagoni A, Manfredini F. Seasonal variation in onset of myocardial infarction—a seven‐year single‐center study in Italy. Chronobiol. Int. 2005; 22: 1121–1135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melius J. Occupational health for firefighters. Occup. Med. 2001; 16: 101–108
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mittleman M, Maclure M, Robins J. Control sampling strategies for case‐crossover studies: an assessment of relative efficiency. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1995; 142: 91–98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Weather Service, Wind chill. Available at: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/windchill/windchillglossary.shtml. Accessed May 5, 2006
   Google Scholar
• Nayha S. Int. J. Circumpolar Health. 2005; 64: 451–458, Environmental temperature and mortality
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O'Neill M S, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. Modifiers of the temperature and mortality association in seven US cities. Am J Epidemiol. 2003; 157: 1074–1082
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panagiotakos D B, Chrysohoou C, Pitsavos C, Nastos P, Anadiotis A, Tentolouris C, Stefanadis C, Toutouzas P, Paliatsos A. Climatological variations in daily hospital admissions for acute coronary syndromes. Int. J. Cardiol. 2004; 94: 229–233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips D P, Jarvinen J R, Abramson I S, Phillips R R. Cardiac mortality is higher around Christmas and New Year's than at any other time: the holidays as a risk factor for death. Circulation. 2004; 110: 3781–3788
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz J, Zanobetti A, Bateson T F. Morbidity and mortality among elderly residents in cities with daily PM measurements. Revised analyses of time‐series studies of air pollution and health. Special report. Health Effects Institute. 2003; 7: 25–58
   Google Scholar
• Spencer F A, Goldberg R J, Becker R C, Gore J M. Seasonal distribution of acute myocardial infarction in the second National Registry of Myocardial Infarction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1998; 31: 1226–1233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steadman R. The assessment of sultriness. Part I: A temperature‐humidity index based on human physiology and clothing science. J. Appl. Meteorol. 1979; 18: 861–873
   Google Scholar
• Touitou Y, Smolensky M H, Portaluppi F. Ethics, standards, and procedures of animal and human chronobiology research. Chronobiol. Int. 2006; 23: 1083–1096
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tridata Corporation. Firefighter fatality retrospective study, April 2002. Prepared for Federal Emergency Management Agency. United States Fire Service, National Fire Data Center, Arlington, Va 2002
   Google Scholar
• United States Fire Administration. Firefighter fatalities. 2001–2004, United States Fire Administration. Available at: http://www.usfa.fema.gov/fatalities/. Accessed November 4, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Washburn A E, LeBlanc P R, Fahy R F. 1997 firefighter fatalities. Nat. Fire Protect. Assoc. J. 1998; 92: 50–62
   Google Scholar