Comparison of the Effects on Ambulatory Blood Pressure of Awakening versus Bedtime Administration of Torasemide in Essential Hypertension

References

• Angeli A, Gatti G, Masera R. Chronobiology of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal and renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone systems. Biologic Rhythms in Clinical and laboratory medicine, Y Touitou, E Haus. Springer‐Verlag, Berlin 1992; 292–314
   Google Scholar
• Anwar Y A, Giacco S, McCabe E J, Tendler B E, White W B. Evaluation of the efficacy of the Omron HEM‐737 IntelliSense device for use on adults according to the recommendations of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. Blood Press. Monit. 1998; 3: 261–265
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bartter F C, Chan J C.M, Simpson H W. Chronobiological aspect of plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone and urinary electrolytes. Endocrine Rhythms, D T Krieger. Raven, New York 1979; 49–132
   Google Scholar
• Baumgart P. Torasemide in comparison with thiazides in the treatment of hypertension. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. 1993; 7(Suppl.1)63–68
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brater D C. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of torasemide in health and disease. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1993; 22(Suppl.3)524–531
   Google Scholar
• Brater D C. Benefits and risks of torasemide in congestive heart failure and essential hypertension. Drug Saf. 1996; 14: 104–120
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chobanian A V, Bakris G L, Black H R, Cushman W C, Green L A, Izzo J L, Jones D W, Materson B J, Oparil S, Wright J T, Rocella EJ. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2003; 42: 1206–1252, and the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Leeuw P W, van Leeuwen S J, Birkenhager W H. Effect of sleep on blood pressure and its correlates. Clin. Exp. Hypertens. A. 1985; 7: 179–186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doré F, d'Auteuil C, Labrecque G, Bélanger B. Chronopharmacological studies of diuretics in hypertensive rats. Ann. Rev. Chronopharmacol. 1984; 1: 313–316
   Google Scholar
• Dunn C J, Fitton A, Brogden R N. Torasemide. An update of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs 1995; 49: 121–142
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dupont A G, Schoors D, Six R O, Vanhaelst L. Antihypertensive efficacy of low dose torasemide in essential hypertension: A placebo‐controlled study. J. Hum. Hypertens. 1998; 2: 265–268
   Google Scholar
• Ernst M E, Carter B L, Goerdt C J, Steffensmeier J J, Phillips B B, Zimmerman M B, Bergus B R. Comparative antihypertensive effects of hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone on ambulatory and office blood pressure. Hypertension 2006; 47: 352–358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández J R, Hermida R C. Inferential statistical method for analysis of nonsinusoidal hybrid time series with unequidistant observations. Chronobiol. Int. 1998; 15: 191–204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández J R, Mojón A, Hermida R C. Comparison of parameters from rhythmometric models with multiple components on hybrid data. Chronobiol. Int. 2004; 21: 467–482
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukuda M, Kimura G. Pathophysiology of antihypertensive therapy with diuretics. Hypertens. Res. 2006; 29: 645–653
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansson L, Hedner T, Dahlöf B. Prospective randomized open blinded end‐point (PROBE) study. A novel design for intervention trials. Blood Press. 1992; 1: 113–119
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hermida R C. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the prediction of cardiovascular events and effects of chronotherapy: Rationale and design of the MAPEC study. Chronobiol. Int. 2007; 24: 749–775, for the MAPEC Study Investigators
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermida R C, Ayala D E. Sampling requirements for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the diagnosis of hypertension in pregnancy. Hypertension 2003; 42: 619–624
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermida R C, Calvo C, Ayala D E, Fernández J R, Ruilope L M, López J E. Evaluation of the extent and duration of the “ABPM effect” in hypertensive patients. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2002a; 40: 710–717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermida R C, Calvo C, Ayala D E, Mojón A, López J E. Relationship between physical activity and blood pressure in dipper and nondipper hypertensive patients. J. Hypertens. 2002b; 20: 1097–1104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermida R C, Calvo C, Ayala D E, Domínguez M J, Covelo M, Fernández J R, Mojón A, López J E. Administration‐time‐dependent effects of valsartan on ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive subjects. Hypertension 2003; 42: 283–290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermida R C, Calvo C, Ayala D E, Fernández J R, Covelo M, Mojón A, López J E. Treatment of non‐dipper hypertension with bedtime administration of valsartan. J. Hypertens. 2005a; 23: 1913–1922
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermida R C, Calvo C, Ayala D E, Mojón A, Rodríguez M, Chayán L, López J E, Fontao M J, Soler R, Fernández J R. Administration time‐dependent effects of valsartan on ambulatory blood pressure in elderly hypertensive subjects. Chronobiol. Int. 2005b; 22: 755–776
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermida R C, Ayala D E, Calvo C, Portaluppi F, Smolensky M H. Chronotherapy of hypertension: Administration‐time‐dependent effects of treatment on the circadian pattern of blood pressure. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev. 2007a; 59: 923–939
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermida R C, Ayala D E, Fernández J R, Calvo C. Comparison of the efficacy of morning versus evening administration of telmisartan in essential hypertension. Hypertension 2007b; 50: 715–722
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermida R C, Ayala D E, Fernández J R, Mojón A, Calvo C. Influence of measurement duration and frequency on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Rev. Esp. Cardiol. 2007c; 60: 131–138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermida R C, Ayala D E, Portaluppi F. Circadian variation of blood pressure: The basis for the chronotherapy of hypertension. Adv. Drug. Deliv. Rev. 2007d; 59: 904–922
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermida R C, Calvo C, Ayala D E, López J E, Rodríguez M, Chayán L, Mojón A, Fontao M J, Fernández J R. Dose and administration‐time‐dependent effects of nifedipine GITS on ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive subjects. Chronobiol. Int. 2007e; 24: 471–493
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inaba M, Noguchi Y, Yamamoto T, Imai T, Hatano M, Yagi S, Katayama S. Effects of a low dose of indapamide, a diuretic, given daily or every‐other‐day on blood pressure and metabolic parameters. Hypertens. Res. 2004; 27: 141–145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janssen W M, de Zeeuw D, van der Hem G K, de Jong P E. Atrial natriuretic factor influences renal diurnal rhythm in essential hypertension. Hypertension 1992; 20: 80–84
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kawano Y, Kawasaki T, Kawazoe N, Abe I, Uezono K, Ueno M, Fukiyama K, Omae T. Circadian variations of urinary dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine and sodium in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Nephron 1990; 55: 277–282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawasaki T, Ueno M, Uezono K, Kawano Y, Abe I, Kawazoe N, Eto T, Fukiyama K, Omae T. The renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system and circadian rhythm of urine variables in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Jpn. Circ. J. 1984; 48: 168–172
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Knauf H, Mutschler E. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of torasemide. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 1998; 34: 1–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuroda T, Kario K, Hoshide S, Hashimoto T, Nomura Y, Saito Y, Mito H, Shimada K. Effects of bedtime vs. morning administration of the long‐acting lipophilic angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor trandolapril on morning blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Hypertens. Res. 2004; 27: 15–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakatua D J, Nicolau G Y, Bogdan C, Plinga L, Jachimowicz A, Sackett‐Lundeen L, Petrescu E, Ungureanu E, Haus E. Chronobiology of catecholamine excretion in different age groups. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 1987; 227B: 31–50
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Luft F C. Torasemide in the treatment of arterial hypertension. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1993; 22(Suppl.3)3–9
   Google Scholar
• Mancia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, Cifkova R, Fagard R, Germano G, Grassi G, Heagerty A M, Kjeldsen S E, Laurent S, Narkiewicz K, Ruilope L, Rynkiewicz A, Schmieder R E, Struijker H A, Zanchetti A. 2007 guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J. Hypertens. 2007; 25: 1105–1187
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills J N. Diurnal rhythm in urine flow. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 1950; 113: 528–536
   Google Scholar
• Moore‐Ede M C, Herd J A. Renal electrolyte circadian rhythms: Independence from feeding and activity patterns. Am. J. Physiol. 1977; 232: F128–F135
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moore‐Ede M C, Meguid M M, Fitzpatrick G F, Boyden C M, Ball M R. Circadian variation in response to potassium infusion. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 1978; 23: 218–227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Brien E, Sheridan J, O'Malley K. Dippers and non‐dippers. Lancet. 1998; 13: 397
   Google Scholar
• Ocón J, Mora J. Twenty‐four‐hour blood pressure monitoring and effects of indapamide. Am. J. Cardiol. 1990; 65: 58H–61H
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ohkubo T, Hozawa A, Yamaguchi J, Kikuya M, Ohmori K, Michimata M, Matsubara M, Hashimoto J, Hoshi H, Araki T, Tsuji I, Satoh H, Hisamichi S, Imai Y. Prognostic significance of the nocturnal decline in blood pressure in individuals with and without high 24‐h blood pressure: The Ohasama study. J. Hypertens. 2002; 20: 2183–2189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pickering T G, Hall J E, Appel L J, Falkner B E, Graves J, Hill M N, Jones D W, Kurtz T, Sheps S G, Roccella E J. Recommendations for blood pressure measurement in humans and experimental animals, part 1: Blood pressure measurement in humans. Hypertension 2005; 45: 142–161
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portaluppi F, Smolensky M H. Circadian rhythm and environmental determinants of blood pressure regulation in normal and hypertensive conditions. Blood Pressure Monitoring in Cardiovascular Medicine and Therapeutics, W B White. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ 2000; 79–118
   Google Scholar
• Portaluppi F, Vergnani L, Manfredini R, degli Uberti E C, Fersini C. Time‐dependent effect of isradipine on the nocturnal hypertension in chronic renal failure. Am. J. Hypertens. 1995; 8: 719–726
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raftery E B, Melville D I, Gould B A, Mann S, Whittington J R. A study of the antihypertensive action of xipadime using ambulatory intra‐arterial monitoring. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1981; 12: 381–385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyes A J. Diuretics in the therapy of hypertension. J. Hum. Hypertens. 2002; 16(Suppl.1)S78–S83
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schmieder R E, Rockstroh J K. Efficacy and tolerance of low‐dose loop diuretics in hypertension. Cardiology 1994; 84(Suppl.2)36–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sirota J H, Baldwin D S, Villareal H. Diurnal variations of renal function in man. J. Clin. Invest. 1950; 29: 187–192
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith D H, Neutel J M, Lacourciere Y, Kempthorne‐Rawson J. Prospective, randomized, open‐label, blinded‐endpoint (PROBE) designed trials yield the same results as double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials with respect to ABPM measurements. J. Hypertens. 2003; 21: 1291–1298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smolensky M H, Hermida R C, Portaluppi F. Comparison of the efficacy of morning versus evening administration of olmesartan in uncomplicated essential hypertension. Chronobiol. Int. 2007; 24: 171–181
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sothern R B, Vesely D L, Kanabrocki E L, Hermida R C, Bremner F W, Third J L.H, Boles M A, Nemchausky B M, Olwin J H, Scheving L E. Temporal (circadian) and functional relationship between atrial natriuretic peptides and blood pressure. Chronobiol. Int. 1995; 12: 106–120
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staessen J A, Fagard R, Lijnen P, Thijs L, Vaa Hoof R, Amery A. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in clinical trials. J. Hypertens. 1991; 9(Suppl.1)S13–S19
   Google Scholar
• Staessen J A, Birkenhager W, Bulpitt C J, Fagard R, Fletcher A E, Lijnen P, Thijs L, Amery A. The relationship between blood pressure and sodium and potassium excretion during the day and at night. J. Hypertens. 1993; 11: 443–447
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Staessen J A, Thijs L, Fagard R, ÓBrien E T, Clement D, de Leeuw P W, Mancia G, Nachev C, Palatini P, Parati G, Tuomilehto J, Webster J. Predicting cardiovascular risk using conventional vs. ambulatory blood pressure in older patients with systolic hypertension. JAMA 1999; 282: 539–546, for the Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst‐Eur) trial investigators
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanbury S W, Thompson A E. Diurnal variations in electrolyte excretion. Clin. Sci. 1951; 10: 267–293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Touitou Y, Smolensky M H, Portaluppi F. Ethics, standards and procedures of animal and human chronobiology research. Chronobiol. Int. 2006; 23: 1083–1096
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trevisani F, Bernardi M, De Palma R, Pancione L, Capani F, Baraldini M, Ligabue A, Gasbarrini G. Circadian variation in renal sodium and potassium handling in cirrhosis The role of aldosterone, cortisol, sympathoadrenergic tone, and intratubular factors. Gastroenterology 1989; 96: 1187–1198
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Umeda T, Naomi S, Iwaoka T, Inoue J, Sasaki M, Ideguchi Y, Sato T. Timing for administration of an antihypertensive drug in the treatment of essential hypertension. Hypertension 1994; 23(Suppl.1)I211–I214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uzu T, Kimura G. Diuretics shift circadian rhythm of blood pressure from nondipper to dipper in essential hypertension. Circulation 1999; 100: 1635–1638
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uzu T, Ishikawa K, Fujii T, Nakamura S, Inenaga T, Kimura G. Sodium restriction shifts circadian rhythm of blood pressure from nondipper to dipper in essential hypertension. Circulation 1997; 96: 1859–1862
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasavada N, Saha C, Agarwal R. A double‐blind randomized crossover trial of two loop diuretics in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2003; 64: 632–640
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verdecchia P, Porcellati C, Schillaci G, Borgioni C, Ciucci A, Battistell M, Guerrieri M, Gatteschi C, Zampi I, Santucci A, Santucci C, Reboldi G. Ambulatory blood pressure: An independent predictor of prognosis in essential hypertension. Hypertension 1994; 24: 793–801
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wesson L G. Electrolyte excretion in relation to diurnal cycles of renal function. Medicine 1964; 43: 547–592
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar