The circadecadal rhythm of oscillation of umbilical cord blood parameters correlates with geomagnetic activity – An analysis of long-term measurements (1999–2011)

References

• Akyurekli C, Chan JY, Elmoazzen H,et al. (2014). Impact of ethnicity on human umbilical cord blood banking: A systematic review. Transfusion. 54:2122–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Deghaither SY. (2015). Impact of maternal and neonatal factors on parameters of hematopoietic potential in umbilical cord blood. Saudi Med J. 36:704–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Asikainen T, Maliniemi V, Mursula K. (2010). Modeling the contributions of ring, tail, and magnetopause currents to the corrected Dst index. J Geophys Res Space Phys. 115.
   Google Scholar
• Askari S, Miller J, Chrysler G, McCullough J. (2005). Impact of donor- and collection-related variables on product quality in ex utero cord blood banking. Transfusion. 45:189–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babayev ES, Allahverdiyeva AA. (2007). Effects of geomagnetic activity variations on the physiological and psychological state of functionally healthy humans: Some results of Azerbaijani studies. Adv Space Res. 40:1941–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballen KK, Gluckman E, Broxmeyer HE. (2013). Umbilical cord blood transplantation: The first 25 years and beyond. Blood. 122:491–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes FS, Greenebaum B. (2015). The effects of weak magnetic fields on radical pairs. Bioelectromagnetics. 36:45–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartsch C, Bartsch H, Seebald E, Kupper H, Mecke D. (2014). Modulation of pineal activity during the 23rd sunspot cycle: Melatonin rise during the ascending phase of the cycle is accompanied by an increase of the sympathetic tone. Indian J Exp Biol. 52:438–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartsch H, Bartsch C, Mecke D, Lippert TH. (2009). Seasonality of pineal melatonin production in the rat: Possible synchronization by the geomagnetic field. Chronobiol Int. 11:21–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baudoux E, Beguin Y, Cornu G, et al. (1998). Circadian and seasonal variations of hematopoiesis in cord blood. Bone Marrow Transplant. 22:S12.
   Google Scholar
• Bazalova O, Kvicalova M, Valkova T, et al. (2016). Cryptochrome 2 mediates directional magnetoreception in cockroaches. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 113:1660–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bello OR, Rabiu AB, Yumoto K, Yizengaw E. (2014). Mean solar quiet daily variations in the earth’s magnetic field along East African longitudes. Adv Space Res. 54:283–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergiannaki JD, Paparrigopoulos TJ, Stefanis CN. (1996). Seasonal pattern of melatonin excretion in humans: Relationship to daylength variation rate and geomagnetic field fluctuations. Experientia. 52:253–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bijou F, Ivanovic Z, Fizet D, et al. (2015). Neonatal sex and weight influence CD34(+) cell concentration in umbilical cord blood but not stromal cell-derived factor 1-3’A polymorphism. Cytotherapy. 17:68–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binhi VN. (2002). Magnetobiology: Underlying physical problems: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brix G, Strieth S, Strelczyk D, et al. (2008). Static magnetic fields affect capillary flow of red blood cells in striated skin muscle. Microcirculation. 15:15–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brosnan SF, Holland RA, Kirschvink JL, et al. (2008). Bats use magnetite to detect the Earth’s magnetic field. PLoS ONE. 3:e1676.
   Google Scholar
• Burch JB, Reif JS, Yost MG. (1999). Geomagnetic disturbances are associated with reduced nocturnal excretion of a melatonin metabolite in humans. Neurosci Lett. 266:209–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cagnacci A, Elliott JA, Yen SS. (1992). Melatonin: A major regulator of the circadian rhythm of core temperature in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 75:447–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai J, Plenio MB. (2013). Chemical compass model for avian magnetoreception as a auantum coherent device. Phys Rev Lett. 111.
   Google Scholar
• Cajochen C, Krauchi K, Wirz-Justice A. (2003). Role of melatonin in the regulation of human circadian rhythms and sleep. J Neuroendocrinol. 15:432–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell WH. (1982). Annual and semiannual changes of the quiet daily variations (Sq) in the geomagnetic field at North American locations. J Geophys Res. 87:785.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell WH. (1996a). Dst is not a pure ring-current index. Eos, Trans Am Geophys Union. 77:283.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell WH. (1996b). Geomagnetic storms, the Dst ring-current myth and lognormal distributions. J Atmos Terr Phys. 58:1171–87.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell WH. (2003). Introduction to geomagnetic fields. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell WH. (2004). Failure of Dst index fields to represent a ring current. Space Weather. 2:n/a–n/a.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang WH-S, Chen L-T, Sun J-S, Lin F-H. (2004). Effect of pulse-burst electromagnetic field stimulation on osteoblast cell activities. Bioelectromagnetics. 25:457–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cintolesi F, Ritz T, Kay CWM, et al. (2003). Anisotropic recombination of an immobilized photoinduced radical pair in a 50-μT magnetic field: A model avian photomagnetoreceptor. Chem Phys. 294:385–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AL Clúa de Gonzalez, WD Gonzalez, SLG Dutra, Tsurutani BT. (1993). Periodic variation in the geomagnetic activity: A study based on the Ap index. J Geophys Res. 98:9215.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornélissen G, Grambsch P, Sothern RB, et al. (2011). Congruent biospheric and solar-terrestrial cycles. J Appl Biomed. 9:63–102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cossarizza A, Monti D, Bersani F, et al. (1989). Extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields increase cell proliferation in lymphocytes from young and aged subjects. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 160:692–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Mattei M, Caruso A, Traina GC, et al. (1999). Correlation between pulsed electromagnetic fields exposure time and cell proliferation increase in human osteosarcoma cell lines and human normal osteoblast cells in vitro. Bioelectromagnetics. 20:177–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimitrova S. (2008a). Cardio-vascular homeostasis and changes in geomagnetic field, estimated by Dst-index. In Krawczyk A, Kubacki R, Wiak S, Lemos Antunes C, eds. Electromagnetic field, health and environment. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press, pp. 238–43.
   Google Scholar
• Dimitrova S. (2008b). Different geomagnetic indices as an indicator for geo-effective solar storms and human physiological state. J Atmos Solar-Terr Phys. 70:420–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodson CA, Hore PJ, Wallace MI. (2013). A radical sense of direction: Signalling and mechanism in cryptochrome magnetoreception. Trends Biochem Sci. 38:435–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubrov AP. (1978). The geomagnetic field and life: Geomagnetobiology. New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Dungey JW. (1961). Interplanetary magnetic field and the auroral zones. Phys Rev Lett. 6:47–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Echer E, Gonzalez WD, Guarnieri FL, et al. (2005). Introduction to space weather. Adv Space Res. 35:855–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Echer E, Gonzalez WD, Tsurutani BT, Gonzalez ALC. (2008). Interplanetary conditions causing intense geomagnetic storms (Dst ≤ −100 nT) during solar cycle 23 (1996–2006). J Geophys Res Space Phys. 113: n/a–n/a.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eldjerou LK, Cogle CR, Rosenau EH, et al. (2015). Vitamin D effect on umbilical cord blood characteristics: A comparison between African Americans and Caucasians. Transfusion. 55:1766–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ernst DA, Lohmann KJ. (2016). Effect of magnetic pulses on Caribbean spiny lobsters: Implications for magnetoreception. J Exp Biol.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans EW, Dodson CA, Maeda K, et al. (2013). Magnetic field effects in flavoproteins and related systems. Interface Focus. 3:20130037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finlay CC, Maus S, Beggan CD, et al. (2010). International geomagnetic reference field: The eleventh generation. Geophys J Int. 183:1216–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foley LE, Gegear RJ, Reppert SM. (2011). Human cryptochrome exhibits light-dependent magnetosensitivity. Nat Commun. 2:356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gannong JL. (2012). Assessing the validity of station location assumptions made in the calculation of the geomagnetic disturbance index, Dst. Space Weather. doi: 10.1029/2011SW000731
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gegear RJ, Casselman A, Waddell S, Reppert SM. (2008). Cryptochrome mediates light-dependent magnetosensitivity in Drosophila. Nature. 454:1014–1018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gegear RJ, Foley LE, Casselman A, Reppert SM. (2010). Animal cryptochromes mediate magnetoreception by an unconventional photochemical mechanism. Nature. 463:804–07.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein ML, Matthaeus WH, Ambrosiano JJ. (1986). Acceleration of charged particles in magnetic reconnection: Solar flares, the magnetosphere, and solar wind. Geophys Res Lett. 13:205–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez WD, Tsurutani BT, Gonzalez ALC, et al. (1989). Solar wind-magnetosphere coupling during intense magnetic storms (1978–1979). J Geophys Res. 94:8835.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta JC, Malin SRC. (1972). Seasonal variations in the solar and lunar daily geomagnetic variations. Geophys J Int. 30:11–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hathaway DH. (2015). The solar cycle. Living Rev Solar Phys. 12.
   Google Scholar
• Hathaway DH, Suess ST. (2008). Solar cycle 23. In Balogh A, Lanzerotti LJ, Suess ST, eds. The heliosphere through the solar activity cycle. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer, pp. 21–38.
   Google Scholar
• Hitchman AP, Lilley FEM, Campbell WH. (1998). The quiet daily variation in the total magnetic field: Global curves. Geophys Res Lett. 25:2007–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iafolla MA, Tay J, Allan DS. (2014). Transplantation of umbilical cord blood-derived cells for novel indications in regenerative therapy or immune modulation: A scoping review of clinical studies. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 20:20–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamide Y, Chian Abraham C-L, eds. (2007). Handbook of the solar-terrestrial environment. New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Karinen A, Mursula K. (2006). Correcting the Dst index: Consequences for absolute level and correlations. J Geophys Res. 111.
   Google Scholar
• Kilcik A, Yurchyshyn VB, Abramenko V, et al. (2011) Maximum coronal mass ejection speed as an indicator of solar and geomagnetic activities. Astrophys J. 727:44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirschvink JL. (1989). Magnetite biomineralization and geomagnetic sensitivity in higher animals: An update and recommendations for future study. Bioelectromagnetics. 10:239–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirschvink JL. (2001). Magnetite-based magnetoreception. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 11:462–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirschvink JL, Gould JL. (1981). Biogenic magnetite as a basis for magnetic field detection in animals. Biosystems. 13:181–201.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirschvink JL, Kobayashi-Kirschvink A, Diaz-Ricci JC, Kirschvink SJ. (1992). Magnetite in human tissues: A mechanism for the biological effects of weak ELF magnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics. 13:101–13.
   Google Scholar
• Kleimenova NG, Kozyreva OV, Breus TK, Rapoport SI. (2007). Pc1 geomagnetic pulsations as a potential hazard of the myocardial infarction. J Atmos Solar-Terr Phys. 69:1759–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lednev VV. (1991). Possible mechanism for the influence of weak magnetic fields on biological systems. Bioelectromagnetics. 12:71–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li F, Yuan Y, Guo Y, et al. (2015). Pulsed magnetic field accelerate proliferation and migration of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. Bioelectromagnetics. 36:1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liboff AR. (2013). Why are living things sensitive to weak magnetic fields? Electromagn Biol Med. 33:241–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liboff AR, Jenrow KA. (2000). New model for the avian magnetic compass. Bioelectromagnetics. 21:555–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X, Gong Y, Xiong K, et al. (2013). Melatonin mediates protective effects on inflammatory response induced by interleukin-1 beta in human mesenchymal stem cells. J Pineal Res. 55:14–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu YD, Hu H, Wang R, et al. (2015). Plasma and magnetic field characteristics of solar coronal mass ejections in relation to geomagnetic storm intensity and variability. Astrophys J. 809:L34.
   Google Scholar
• Lucas D, Battista M, Shi PA, et al. (2008). Mobilized hematopoietic stem cell yield depends on species-specific circadian timing. Cell Stem Cell. 3:364–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mantri S, Rao EV, Jena PK, Mohapatra PC. (2016). Association of CD34+ and CD90+ stem cells of cord blood with neonatal factors: A cross-sectional study. Indian J Pediatr. 83:114–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattei MD, Caruso A, Pezzetti F, et al. (2009). Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on human articular chondrocyte proliferation. Connective Tissue Res. 42:269–79.
   Google Scholar
• Mavromichalaki H, Papailiou M, Dimitrova S, et al. (2012). Space weather hazards and their impact on human cardio-health state parameters on Earth. Nat Hazards. 64:1447–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayaud P-N. (1972). The aa indices: A 100-year series characterizing the magnetic activity. J Geophys Res. 77:6870–4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzocchetti D, Berti AM, Sartini R, et al. (2014). Total nucleated cells as a sole predictor of distinct targets of hematopoietic potential (CD34+ cells) in cord blood units: The results of a large series analysis in autologous cord blood units. Transfusion. 54:1256–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzoccoli G, Miscio G, Fontana A, et al. (2016). Time related variations in stem cell harvesting of umbilical cord blood. Sci Rep. 6:21404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLeod BR, Liboff AR. (1987). Cyclotron resonance in cell membranes: The theory of the mechanism. In Blank M et al., eds. Mechanistic approaches to interactions of electric and electromagnetic fields with living systems. Springer Science+Business Media New York, pp. 97–108.
   Google Scholar
• McPherron RL, O’Brien TP (2001). Predicting geomagnetic activity: The Dst index. In Song P, Singer, HJ, and Siscoe GL, eds. Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 125, AGU, pp. 339–345.
   Google Scholar
• Menvielle M, Berthelier A. (1991). TheK-derived planetary indices: Description and availability. Rev Geophys. 29:415.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mias C, Trouche E, Seguelas M-H, et al. (2008). Ex vivo pretreatment with melatonin improves survival, proangiogenic/mitogenic activity, and efficiency of mesenchymal stem cells injected into ischemic kidney. Stem Cells. 26:1749–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munoz J, Shah N, Rezvani K, et al. (2014). Concise review: Umbilical cord blood transplantation: Past, present, and future. Stem Cells Transl Med. 3:1435–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray J, Farndale R. (1985). Modulation of collagen production in cultured fibroblasts by a low-frequency, pulsed magnetic field. BBA Gen Subj. 838:98–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mursula K, Holappa L, Karinen A. (2008). Correct normalization of the Dst index. Astrophys Space Sci Trans. 4:41–5.
   Google Scholar
• Mursula K, Holappa L, Karinen A. (2011). Uneven weighting of stations in the Dst index. J Atmos Solar-Terr Phys. 73:316–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mursula K, Karinen A. (2005). Explaining and correcting the excessive semiannual variation in theDstindex. Geophys Res Lett. 32:n/a–n/a.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakagawa R, Watanabe T, Kawano Y, et al. (2004). Analysis of maternal and neonatal factors that influence the nucleated and CD34+ cell yield for cord blood banking. Transfusion. 44:262–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niessner C, Denzau S, Stapput K, et al. (2013). Magnetoreception: Activated cryptochrome 1a concurs with magnetic orientation in birds. J R Soc Interface. 10:20130638–20130638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunes RD, Zandavalli FM. (2015). Association between maternal and fetal factors and quality of cord blood as a source of stem cells. Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia. 37:38–42.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Omori A, Manabe M, Kudo K, et al. (2010). Influence of obstetric factors on the yield of mononuclear cells, CD34+ cell count and volume of placental/umbilical cord blood. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 36:52–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onoyama S, Qiu LI, Low HP, et al. (2016). Prenatal maternal physical activity and stem cells in umbilical cord blood. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 48:82–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Page KM, Mendizabal A, Betz-Stablein B, et al. (2014). Optimizing donor selection for public cord blood banking: Influence of maternal, infant, and collection characteristics on cord blood unit quality. Transfusion. 54:340–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papailiou M, Mavromichalaki H, Kudela K, et al. (2011). The effect of cosmic ray intensity variations and geomagnetic disturbances on the physiological state of aviators. Astrophys Space Sci Trans. 7:373–7.
   Google Scholar
• Pedatella NM, Forbes JM, Richmond AD. (2011). Seasonal and longitudinal variations of the solar quiet (Sq) current system during solar minimum determined by CHAMP satellite magnetic field observations. J Geophys Res Space Phys. 116: n/a–n/a.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philip J, Kushwaha N, Chatterjee T, Mallhi RS. (2015). Optimizing cord blood collections: Assessing the role of maternal and neonatal factors. Asian J Transfus Sci. 9:163–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pope B, Hokin B, Grant R. (2014). Effect of maternal iron status on the number of CD34+ stem cells harvested from umbilical cord blood. Transfusion. 54:1876–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pulkkinen TI, Palmroth M, Tanskanen EI, et al. (2007). Solar wind—magnetosphere coupling: A review of recent results. J Atmos Solar-Terr Phys. 69:256–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu X-F, Li X-X, Chen Y, et al. (2012). Mobilisation of endothelial progenitor cells: One of the possible mechanisms involved in the chronic administration of melatonin preventing erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats. Asian J Androl. 14:481–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramirez P, Wagner JE, DeFor TE, et al. (2012). Factors predicting single-unit predominance after double umbilical cord blood transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 47:799–803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao DRK. (1972). Lunar and luni-solar variations of the geomagnetic field in the Indian region. Pure Appl Geophys PAGEOPH. 95:131–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rastogi RG, Trivedi NB. (1970). Luni-solar tides in H at stations within the equatorial electrojet. Plane Space Sci. 18:367–77.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakai A, Suzuki K, Nakamura T, et al. (1991). Effects of pulsing electromagnetic fields on cultured cartilage cells. Int Orthopaedics. 15.
   Google Scholar
• Scarfi MR, Lioi MB, Della Noce M, et al. (1997). Exposure to 100 Hz pulsed magnetic fields increases micronucleus frequency and cell proliferation in human lymphocytes. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg. 43:77–81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selvakumaran R, Maurya AK, Gokani SA, et al. (2015). Solar flares induced D-region ionospheric and geomagnetic perturbations. J Atmos Solar-Terr Phys. 123:102–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selvamurugan N, Kwok S, Vasilov A,et al. (2007). Effects of BMP-2 and pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on rat primary osteoblastic cell proliferation and gene expression. J Orthopaedic Res. 25:1213–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Servais S, Baudoux E, Brichard B, et al. (2015). Circadian and circannual variations in cord blood hematopoietic cell composition. Haematologica. 100:e32–34.
   Google Scholar
• Skene DJ, Arendt J. (2006). Human circadian rhythms: Physiological and therapeutic relevance of light and melatonin. Ann Clin Biochem. 43:344–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solves P, Perales A, Moraga R, et al. (2005). Maternal, neonatal and collection factors influencing the haematopoietic content of cord blood units. Acta Haematol. 113:241–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparrow RL, Cauchi JA, Ramadi LT, et al. (2002). Influence of mode of birth and collection on WBC yields of umbilical cord blood units. Transfusion. 42:210–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spencer E, Patra S, Asikainen T. (2013). Magnetotail current contribution to the Dst Index Using the MT Index and the WINDMI model. Adv Space Res. 52:1974–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thébault E, Finlay CC, Beggan CD, et al. (2015). International geomagnetic reference field: The 12th generation. Earth Planets Space. 67.
   Google Scholar
• Torta JM, Marsal S, Curto JJ, Gaya-Piqué LR. (2010). Behaviour of the quiet-day geomagnetic variation at Livingston Island and variability of the S q focus position in the South American-Antarctic Peninsula region. Earth Planets Space. 62:297–307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai M-T, Li W-J, Tuan RS, Chang WH. (2009). Modulation of osteogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells by specific pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation. J Orthopaedic Res. 27:1169–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsurita G, Ueno S, Tsuno NH, et al. (1999). Effects of exposure to repetitive pulsed magnetic stimulation on cell proliferation and expression of heat shock protein 70 in normal and malignant cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 261:689–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuffet S, de Seze R, Moreau JM, Veyret B. (1993). Effects of a strong pulsed magnetic field on the proliferation of tumour cells in vitro. Bioelectrochem Bioenerg. 30:151–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner NE, Baker DN, Pulkkinen TI, McPherron RL. (2000). Evaluation of the tail current contribution to Dst. J Geophys Res Space Phys. 105:5431–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verina T, Fatemi A, Johnston MV, Comi AM. (2013). Pluripotent possibilities: Human umbilical cord blood cell treatment after neonatal brain injury. Pediatr Neurol. 48:346–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vink CB, Woodward JR. (2004). Effect of a weak magnetic field on the reaction between neutral free radicals in isotropic solution. J Am Chem Soc. 126:16730–1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volpe G, Santodirocco M, Di Mauro L, et al. (2011). Four phases of checks for exclusion of umbilical cord blood donors. Blood Transfus. 9:286–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner JE, Gluckman E. (2010). Umbilical cord blood transplantation: The first 20 years. Semin Hematol. 47:3–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang HN, Xu RL, eds. (2002). Solar-terrestrial magnetic activity and space environment. Oxford, UK: Pergamon.
   Google Scholar
• Wen SH, Zhao WL, Lin PY, Yang KL. (2012). Associations among birth weight, placental weight, gestational period and product quality indicators of umbilical cord blood units. Transfus Ampheresis Sci. 46:39–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weydahl A, Sothern RB, Cornélissen G, Wetterberg L. (2000). Geomagnetic activity influences the melatonin secretion at latitude 70°N. Biomed Pharmacother. 55:s57–62.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiltschko R, Wiltschko W. (2014). Sensing magnetic directions in birds: Radical pair processes involving cryptochrome. Biosensors. 4:221–42.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wing S, Ohtani S, Johnson J, et al. (2014). Field-aligned currents during the extreme solar minimum between the solar cycles 23 and 24. J Geophys Res Space Phys. 119:2466–75.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu S, Xie G, Wu J, et al. (2015). Influence of maternal, infant, and collection characteristics on high-quality cord blood units in Guangzhou Cord Blood Bank. Transfusion. 55:2158–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu C, Lv Y, Chen C, et al. (2014). Blue light-dependent phosphorylations of cryptochromes are affected by magnetic fields in Arabidopsis. Adv Space Res. 53:1118–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamazaki Y, Kosch MJ. (2014). Geomagnetic lunar and solar daily variations during the last 100 years. J Geophys Res Space Phys. 119:6732–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamazaki Y, Yumoto K, Cardinal MG, et al. (2011). An empirical model of the quiet daily geomagnetic field variation. J Geophys Res Space Phys. 116: n/a–n/a.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshii T, Ahmad M, Helfrich-Förster C. (2009). Cryptochrome mediates light-dependent magnetosensitivity of Drosophila’s circadian clock. PLoS Biol. 7(4):e1000086.
   Google Scholar
• Zenchenko TA, Poskotinova LV, Rekhtina AG, Zaslavskaya RM. (2010). Relation between microcirculation parameters and Pc3 geomagnetic pulsations. Biophysics. 55:646–51.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao L, Fisk L. (2011). Understanding the behavior of the heliospheric magnetic field and the solar wind during the unusual solar minimum between cycles 23 and 24. Solar Physics. 274:379–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zoltowski BD, Vaidya AT, Top D, et al. (2011). Structure of full-length Drosophila cryptochrome. Nature. 480:396–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar