Sleep quality mediates the effect of chronotype on resilience in the time of COVID-19

References

• Adan A, Almirall H. 1991. Horne &Östbergmorningness-eveningness questionnaire: a reduced scale. Pers Individ Differ. 12(3):241–253. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(91)90110-W
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adan A, Guàrdia J. 1993. Circadian variations of self-reported activation: a multidimensional approach. Chronobiologia. 20(3–4):233–244.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adan A, Sánchez-Turet M. 2001. Gender differences in diurnal variations of subjective activation and mood. Chronobiol Int. 18(3):491–502. doi:https://doi.org/10.1081/cbi-100103971
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agaibi CE, Wilson JP. 2005. Trauma, PTSD, and resilience: a review of the literature. Trauma Violence Abuse. 6(3):195–216. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838005277438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• Antúnez JM, Navarro JF, Adan A. 2015. Circadian typology is related to resilience and optimism in healthy adults. Chronobiol Int. 32(4):524–530. doi:https://doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2015.1008700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakotic M, Radosevic-Vidacek B, KoscecBjelajac A. 2017. Morningness–eveningness and daytime functioning in university students: the mediating role of sleep characteristics. J Sleep Res. 26(2):210–218. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12467
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonaccio M, Di Castelnuovo A, Costanzo S, Pounis G, Persichillo M, Cerletti C, Donati MB, De Gaetano G, Iacoviello L. 2018. Mediterranean-type diet is associated with higher psychological resilience in a general adult population: findings from the Moli-sani study. Eur J Clin Nut. 72(1):154–160. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2017.150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bower B, Bylsma LM, Morris BH, Rottenberg J. 2010. Poor reported sleep quality predicts low positive affect in daily life among healthy and mood-disordered persons. J Sleep Res. 19(2):323–332. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.2009.00816.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewin CR, Andrews B, Valentine JD. 2000. Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. J Consult Clin Psychol. 68(5):748–766. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.68.5.748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brick CA, Seely DL, Palermo TM. 2010. Association between sleep hygiene and sleep quality in medical students. Behav Sleep Med. 8(2):113–121. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15402001003622925
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, Rubin GJ. 2020. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 395(10227):912–920. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. 1989. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 28(2):193–213. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell-Sills L, Forde DR, Stein MB. 2009. Demographic and childhood environmental predictors of resilience in a community sample. J Psychiat Res. 43(12):1007–1012. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.01.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell-Sills L, Stein MB. 2007. Psychometric analysis and refinement of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC): validation of a 10-item measure of resilience. J Trauma Stress. 20(6):1019–1028. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20271
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carciofo R, Du F, Song N, Zhang K, Vinciguerra M. 2014. Mind wandering, sleep quality, affect and chronotype: an exploratory study. PLoS One. 9(3):e91285. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0091285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cellini N, Canale N, Mioni G, Costa S. 2020. Changes in sleep pattern, sense of time and digital media use during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. J Sleep Res. 29(4):e13074. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13074
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Çetin FH, Uçar HN, Türkoğlu S, Kahraman EM, Kuz M, Güleç A. 2020. Chronotypes and trauma reactions in children with ADHD in home confinement of COVID-19: full mediation effect of sleep problems. Chronobiol Int. 37(8):1214–1222. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2020.1785487
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen PH, Kuo HY, Chueh KH. 2010. Sleep hygiene education: efficacy on sleep quality in working women. J Nurs Res. 18(4):283–289. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/JNR.0b013e3181fbe3fd
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Connor KM, Davidson JRT. 2003. Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC). Depress Anxiety. 18(2):76–82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curcio G, Tempesta D, Scarlata S, Marzano C, Moroni F, Rossini PM, Ferrara M, De Gennaro L. 2013. Validity of the Italian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Neurol Sci. 34(4):511–519. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-012-1085-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Sousa IC, Araújo JF, De Azevedo CVM. 2007. The effect of a sleep hygiene education program on the sleep-wake cycle of Brazilian adolescent students. Sleep Biol Rhythms. 5(4):251–258. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8425.2007.00318.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Fabio A, Palazzeschi L. 2012. Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale: proprietà psicometriche della versione italiana [Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale: psychometric properties of the Italian version]. Counsel Giornale Italiano Ricerca Appl. 5(1):101–110.
   Google Scholar
• Di Renzo L, Gualtieri P, Pivari F, Soldati L, Attinà A, Cinelli G, Cinelli G, Leggeri C, Caparello G, Barrea L, et al. 2020. Eating habits and lifestyle changes during COVID-19 lockdown: an Italian survey. J Transl Med. 18(1):1–15. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-020-02399-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiorillo A, Sampogna G, Giallonardo V, Del Vecchio V, Luciano M, Albert U, Carmassi C, Carrà G, Cirulli F, Dell’Osso B, et al. 2020. Effects of the lockdown on the mental health of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: results from the COMET collaborative network. Eur Psychiatry. 63(1):e87. doi:https://doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Germain A, James J, Insana S, Herringa RJ, Mammen O, Price J, Nofzinger E. 2013. A window into the invisible wound of war: functional neuroimaging of REM sleep in returning combat veterans with PTSD. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 211(2):176–179. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2012.05.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giorgi G, Fiz Perez FS, D’Antonio AC, Mucci N, Ferrero C, Cupelli V, Arcangeli G. 2015. Psychometric properties of the impact of event scale-6 in a sample of victims of bank robbery. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 8:99–104. doi:https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S73901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey AG, Jones C, Schmidt DA. 2003. Sleep and posttraumatic stress disorder: a review. Clin Psychol Rev. 23(3):377–407. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(03)00032-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasler BP, Insana SP, James JA, Germain A. 2013. Evening-type military veterans report worse lifetime posttraumatic stress symptoms and greater brainstem activity across wakefulness and REM sleep. Biol Psychol. 94(2):255–262. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.06.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodes GE, Epperson CN. 2019. Sex differences in vulnerability and resilience to stress across the life span. Biol Psychiatry. 86(6):421–432. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.04.028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howell AJ, Digdon NL, Buro K, Sheptycki AR. 2008. Relations among mindfulness, well-being, and sleep. Pers Individ Diff. 45(8):773–777. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.08.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeon HJ, Bang YR, Park HY, Kim SA, Yoon IY. 2017. Differential effects of circadian typology on sleep-related symptoms, physical fatigue and psychological well-being in relation to resilience. Chronobiol Int. 34(6):677–686. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2017.1309425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang JH, Chen SC. 2009. Effects of an irregular bedtime schedule on sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and fatigue among university students in Taiwan. BMC Public Health. 9:1–6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerkhof GA, Lancel M. 1991. EEG slow wave activity, REM sleep, and rectal temperature during night and day sleep in morning‐type and evening‐type subjects. Psychophysiology. 28(6):678–688. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1991.tb01014.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kivelä L, Papadopoulos MR, Antypa N. 2018. Chronotype and Psychiatric Disorders. Cur Sleep Med Rep. 4(2):94–103. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40675-018-0113-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee SJ, Park CS, Kim BJ, Lee CS, Cha B, Lee YJ, Soh M, Park JA, Young PS, Song EH. 2016. Association between morningness and resilience in Korean college students. Chronobiol Int. 33(10):1391–1399. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2016.1220387
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenzo V, Quattropani MC, Musetti A, Zenesini C, Freda MF, Lemmo D, Vegni E, Borghi L, Plazzi G, Castelnuovo G, et al. 2020. Resilience contributes to low emotional impact of the COVID-19 outbreak among the general population in Italy. Front Psychol. 11:576485. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.576485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu JCJ, Tong EMW. 2020. The relation between official whatsapp-distributed COVID-19 news exposure and psychological symptoms: cross-sectional survey study. J Medical Internet Res. 22(9):1–19. doi:https://doi.org/10.2196/22142
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellman TA, Bustamante V, Fins AI, Pigeon WR, Nolan B. 2002. REM sleep and the early development of posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 159(10):1696–1701. doi:https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.10.1696
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merikanto I, Kronholm E, Peltonen M, Laatikainen T, Lahti T, Partonen T. 2012. Relation of chronotype to sleep complaints in the general Finnish population. Chronobiol Int. 29(3):311–317. doi:https://doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2012.655870
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monk TH, Buysse DJ, Potts JM, DeGrazia JM, Kupfer DJ. 2004. Morningness-eveningness and lifestyle regularity. Chronobiol Int. 21(3):435–443. doi:https://doi.org/10.1081/CBI-120038614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monk TH, Reynolds CF, Buysse DJ, DeGrazia JM, Kupfer DJ. 2003. The relationship between lifestyle regularity and subjective sleep quality. Chronobiol Int. 20(1):97–107. doi:https://doi.org/10.1081/CBI-120017812
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Natale V, Esposito MJ, Martoni M, Fabbri M. 2006. Validity of the reduced version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. SleepBiolRhythms. 4(1):72–74. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8425.2006.00192.x
   Google Scholar
• Neria Y, Nandi A, Galea S. 2008. Post-traumatic stress disorder following disasters: a systematic review. Psychol Med. 38(4):467–480. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291707001353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng EYC, Lee MB, Tsai ST, Yang CC, Morisky DE, Tsai LT, Weng YL, Lyu SY. 2010. Population-based post-crisis psychological distress: an example from the SARS outbreak in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc. 109(7):524–532. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-6646(10)60087-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portaluppi F, Smolensky MH, Touitou Y. 2010. Ethics and methods for biological rhythm research on animals and human beings. Chronobiol Int. 27(9–10):1911–1929. doi:https://doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2010.516381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roeser K, Meule A, Schwerdtle B, Kübler A, Schlarb AA. 2012. Subjective sleep quality exclusively mediates the relationship between morningness-eveningness preference and self-perceived stress response. Chronobiol Int. 29(7):955–960. doi:https://doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2012.699124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roitblat Y, Burger J, Vaiman M, Nehuliaieva L, Buchris N. 2020. Owls and larks do not exist: COVID-19 quarantine sleep habits. Sleep Med. S1389–9457(20):30406–30408. Epub ahead of print. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2020.09.003.
   Google Scholar
• Salehinejad MA, Majidinezhad M, Ghanavati E, Kouestanian S, Vicario CM, Nitsche MA, Nejati V. 2020. Negative impact of COVID-19 pandemic on sleep quantitative parameters, quality, and circadian alignment: implications for health and psychological well-being. Excli J. 19:1297–1308. doi:https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2020-2831
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Southwick SM, Bonanno GA, Masten AS, Panter-Brick C, Yehuda R. 2014. Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: interdisciplinary perspectives. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 5(1):25338. doi:https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.25338
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tafoya SA, Aldrete–Cortez V, Ortiz S, Fouilloux C, Flores F, Monterrosas AM. 2019. Resilience, sleep quality and morningness as mediators of vulnerability to depression in medical students with sleep pattern alterations. Chronobiol Int. 36(3):381–391. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2018.1552290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor BJ, Hasler BP. 2018. Chronotype and mental health: recent advances. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 20(8):59. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-018-0925-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thoresen S, Tambs K, Hussain A, Heir T, Johansen VA, Bisson JI. 2010. Brief measure of posttraumatic stress reactions: impact of Event Scale-6. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 45(3):405–412. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-009-0073-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandekerckhove M, Cluydts R. 2010. The emotional brain and sleep: an intimate relationship. Sleep Med Rev. 14(4):219–226. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2010.01.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VanderWeele TJ. 2016. Mediation analysis: a practitioner’s guide. Annu Rev Public Health. 37:17–32. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032315-021402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vgontzas AN, Mastorakos G, Bixler EO, Kales A, Gold PW, Chrousos GP. 1999. Sleep deprivation effects on the activity of the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal and growth axes: potential clinical implications. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 51(2):205–215. doi:https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00763.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker MP. 2009. The role of sleep in cognition and emotion. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1156(1):168–197. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04416.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weiss DS, Marmar CR. 1997. The impact of event scale—revised. In: Wilson JP, Keane TM, editors. Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD. New York (NY): Guilford Press; p. 399–411.
   Google Scholar
• Windle G. 2011. What is resilience? A review and concept analysis. Rev Clin Gerontol. 21(2):152–169. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259810000420
   Google Scholar
• Wrenn GL, Wingo AP, Moore R, Pelletier T, Gutman AR, Bradley B, Ressler KJ. 2011. The Effect of resilience on posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed inner-city primary care patients. J National Med Assoc. 103(7):560–566. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0027-9684(15)30381-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wulff K, Gatti S, Wettstein JG, Foster RG. 2010. Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disease. Nat Rev Neurosci. 11(8):589–599. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2868
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yun JA, Ahn YS, Jeong KS, Joo EJ, Choi KS. 2015. The relationship between chronotype and sleep quality in Korean firefighters. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 13(2):201–208. doi:https://doi.org/10.9758/cpn.2015.13.2.201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar