The effects of message encoding techniques on recall by literate adults using AAC systems

References

• ACS Speech Pac/Epson Instruction Manual. (1984). Pittsburgh: Adap-tive Communication Systems, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, J. R. (1983). A spreading activation theory of memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 22, 261–295.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, B. (1982). Minspeak: A semantic compaction system that makes self-expression easier for communicatively disabled individ-uals. Byte, 186–202.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, B. (1985). The use of words and phrases on a Minspeak communication system. Communication Outlook, 7(1), 8–10.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, B. (1986). Using images to generate speech. Byte, 160–168.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, B. (1987). Minspeak-Words strategy. Unpublished manuscript. Pittsburgh: Minspeak Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Batshaw, M., & Perret, Y. (1981). Children with handicaps: A medical primer. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
   Google Scholar
• Beukelman, D., & Yorkston, K. (1982). Communication interaction of adult communication augmentation system use. Topics in Lan-guage Disorders, 20(2), 39–53.
   Google Scholar
• Beukelman, D., & Yorkston, K. (1984). Computer enhancement of message formulation and presentation for communication augmen-tation system users. Seminars in Speech and Language, 5, 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Bower, G. (1972). A selective review of organizational factors in memory. In E. Tulving & W. Donaldson (Eds.). Organization of memory (pp. 93–137). New York: Academic Press, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Chi, M. T. H. (1985). Changing conception of sources of memory development. Human Development, 28, 50–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craik, F., & Tulving, E. (1975). Depth of processing and the retention of words in episodic memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 104, 268–294.
   Google Scholar
• Dowden, P., & Beukelman, D. (1988). Rate, accuracy, and message flexibility: Case studies in communication augmentation strategies. In L. Bernstein (Ed.), The vocally impaired. Philadelphia: Grune & Stratton
   Google Scholar
• Finn, J. D., & Mattsson, I. (1978). Mutivariate analysis in educational research: Applications of the multivariance program. Chicago: Na-tional Educational Resources.
   Google Scholar
• Fishman, S. (1985). Some suggestions for learning abbreviations easily. In B. Rodgers, K. Croker, S. Fishman, D. Bengston, S. Esser, J. Schauer, & C. Farrell (Eds.), A Joumeyer's Guide to the Trine System. Trace Research & Development Center, Madison, WI.
   Google Scholar
• Foulds, R. (1980). Communication rates for nonspeech expression as a function of manual tasks and linguistic constraints. Proceed-ings of the International Conference on Rehabilitation Engineering (pp. 83–87). Toronto, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Foulds, R. (1987). Guest editorial. Augmentative and Alternative Com-munication, 3, 169.
   Google Scholar
• Graff, K. L., & Wotus, M. A. (1985). A categorical training protocol for the ACS Speech Pac/Epson. Paper presented at the annual convention of the American Speech Language Hearing Association, Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Hertel, P., Anooshian, L., & Ashbrook, P. (1986). The accuracy of beliefs about retrieval cues. Memory and Cognition, 14, 265–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard, D. V. (1983). Cognitive psychology: Memory, language and thought. New York: MacMillan.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, M., Bransford, J., Nyberg, S., & Cleary J. (1972). Compre-hension factors in interpreting memory for abstract and concrete sentences. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, II, 451–454.
   Google Scholar
• Keppel, G. (1982). Design and analysis: A researcher's handbook. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Klatzky, R. L. (1980). Human memory: Structures and processes. San Francisco: WH Freeman
   Google Scholar
• Kraat, A. (1984). Communication interaction between aided users and natural speakers- An international perspective. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Rehabilitation Engineer-ing (pp. 43–46). Ottawa, Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Light, J. (1988). Interaction involving individuals using augmentative and alternative communication systems: State of the art and future directions for research. Augmentative and Alternative Communica-tion, 4, 66–82.
   Google Scholar
• Mantyla, T. (1986). Optimizing cue effectiveness: Recall of 500 and 600 incidentally learned words. Journal of Experimental Psychol-ogy: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, /2, 66–71.
   Google Scholar
• Mathy-Laikko, P., & Yoder, D. (1986). Future needs and directions in augmentative communication. In S. W. Blackstone (Ed.), Augment-ative communication: An introduction (pp. 471–494). Rockville, MD: American Speech Language Hearing Association.
   Google Scholar
• McCall, R. B., & Appelbaum, M. I. (1973). Bias in the analysis of repeated-measures designs: Some alternative approaches. Child Development, 44, 401–415.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClelland, J., Rumelhart, D., & Hinton, G. (1986). The appeal of parallel distributed processing. In D. Rumelhart J. McClelland, & the PDP Research Group (Eds.), Parallel Distributed Processing (pp. 3–44). Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston.
   Google Scholar
• O'Brien, R. G., & Kaiser, M. K. (1985). MANOVA method for analyzing repeated measures designs: An extensive primer. Psychological Bulletin, 97, 316–333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ourand, P. (1986). Minspeak words mode. In Proceedings of the First Annual Minspeak Conference (pp. 102–104). Detroit.
   Google Scholar
• Paivio, A. (1986). Mental Representations: A Dual Coding Approach. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rabinowitz, M., & Glaser, R. (1985). Cognitive structure and process in highly competent performance. In F. D. Horowitz, & M. O'Brien (Eds.), The gifted and talented: Developmental perspectives (pp. 75–98). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Rosen, M. J., & Goodenough-Trepagnier, C. (1981). Factors affecting communication rate in non-vocal communication systems. In Pro-ceedings of the Fourth Annual Conference on Rehabilitation Engi-neering (pp. 194–195) Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• Rothschild, N., & Collier, B. (1986). Some issues regarding the clinical application of Minspeak. In Proceedings of the First Annual Min-speak Conference (pp. 85–93), Detroit.
   Google Scholar
• Sachs, J. S. (1967). Recognition memory for syntactic and semantic aspects of connected discourse. Perception and Psychophysics, 2, 437–442.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thal, L., Sharpless, N., Rosenbaum, D., Davies, P., Amin, I., & Waltz, J. (1985). Ventricular fluid somatostatin concentration decreases in childhood-onset dystonia. Neurology, 35, 1742–1746.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tulving, E., & Thompson, D. (1973). Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory. Psychological Review, 80, 352–373.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanderheiden, G., & Kelso, D. (1987). Comparative analysis of fixed-vocabulary communication acceleration techniques. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 3, 196–206.
   Google Scholar
• Vanderheiden, G., & Lloyd, L. (1986). Communication systems and their components. In S. W. Blackstone (Ed.), Augmentative com-munication: An introduction (pp. 49–161). Rockville, MD: American Speech Language Hearing Association.
   Google Scholar
• Yoder, D., & Kraat, A. (1983). Intervention issues in nonspeech communication. In J. Miller, D. Yoder, & R. Schiefelbusch (Eds.), Contemporary issues in language intervention (pp. 27–51). Rock-ville, MD: ASHA Reports.
   Google Scholar