867
Views
21
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Enhancing the ‘real world’ prediction of cardiovascular events and major bleeding with the CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores using multiple biomarkers

, ORCID Icon, , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 26-34 | Received 05 Jun 2017, Accepted 05 Sep 2017, Published online: 18 Sep 2017

References

  • Wolf PA, Abbott RD, Kannel WB. Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. Stroke. 1991;22:983–988.
  • Hart RG, Pearce LA, Aguilar MI. Meta-analysis: antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients who have nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:857–867.
  • Lip GY, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R, et al. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the Euro Heart Survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest. 2010;137:263–272.
  • Camm AJ, Lip GY, De Caterina R, et al. Focused update of the ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: an update of the 2010 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation. Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association. Eur Heart J. 2012;33:2719–2747.
  • Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:2893–2962.
  • Lip GY. Stroke and bleeding risk assessment in atrial fibrillation: when, how, and why? Eur Heart J. 2013;34:1041–1049.
  • Hijazi Z, Oldgren J, Siegbahn A, et al. Biomarkers in atrial fibrillation: a clinical review. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:1475–1480.
  • Kornej J, Apostolakis S, Bollmann A, et al. The emerging role of biomarkers in atrial fibrillation. Can J Cardiol. 2013;29:1181–1193.
  • Vilchez JA, Roldan V, Hernandez-Romero D, et al. Biomarkers in atrial fibrillation: an overview. Int J Clin Pract. 2014;68:434–443.
  • Pisters R, Lane DA, Nieuwlaat R, et al. A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Euro Heart Survey. Chest. 2010;138:1093–1100.
  • Olesen JB, Lip GY, Lindhardsen J, et al. Risks of thromboembolism and bleeding with thromboprophylaxis in patients with atrial fibrillation: a net clinical benefit analysis using a 'real world' nationwide cohort study. Thromb Haemost. 2011;106:739–749.
  • Gallego P, Roldan V, Torregrosa JM, et al. Relation of the HAS-BLED bleeding risk score to major bleeding, cardiovascular events, and mortality in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2012;5:312–318.
  • Rosendaal FR, Cannegieter SC, van der Meer FJ, et al. A method to determine the optimal intensity of oral anticoagulant therapy. Thromb Haemost. 1993;69:236–239.
  • Schulman S, Kearon C. Definition of major bleeding in clinical investigations of antihemostatic medicinal products in non-surgical patients. J Thromb Haemost. 2005;3:692–694.
  • Levey AS, Coresh J, Greene T, et al. Using standardized serum creatinine values in the modification of diet in renal disease study equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:247–254.
  • Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, et al. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:461–470.
  • DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL. Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach. Biometrics. 1988;44:837–845.
  • Pencina MJ, D'Agostino RB Sr, D'Agostino RB Jr, et al. Evaluating the added predictive ability of a new marker: from area under the ROC curve to reclassification and beyond. Stat Med. 2008;27:157–172.
  • Vickers AJ, Elkin EB. Decision curve analysis: a novel method for evaluating prediction models. Med Decis Making. 2006;26:565–574.
  • Vickers AJ, Cronin AM, Elkin EB, et al. Extensions to decision curve analysis, a novel method for evaluating diagnostic tests, prediction models and molecular markers. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2008;8:53.
  • Hijazi Z, Wallentin L, Siegbahn A, et al. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide for risk assessment in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the ARISTOTLE Trial (Apixaban for the Prevention of Stroke in Subjects With Atrial Fibrillation). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:2274–2284.
  • Hijazi Z, Oldgren J, Andersson U, et al. Cardiac biomarkers are associated with an increased risk of stroke and death in patients with atrial fibrillation: a Randomized Evaluation of Long-term Anticoagulation Therapy (RE-LY) substudy. Circulation. 2012;125:1605–1616.
  • Ruff CT, Giugliano RP, Braunwald E, et al. Cardiovascular biomarker score and clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: a subanalysis of the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 randomized clinical trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2016;1:999–1006.
  • Danese E, Montagnana M, Cervellin G, et al. Hypercoagulability, D-dimer and atrial fibrillation: an overview of biological and clinical evidence. Ann Med. 2014;46:364–371.
  • Jover E, Roldan V, Gallego P, et al. Predictive value of the CHA2DS2-VASc score in atrial fibrillation patients at high risk for stroke despite oral anticoagulation. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2012;65:627–633.
  • Freedman B, Lip GY. “Unreal world; or real world; data in oral anticoagulant treatment of atrial fibrillation”. Thromb Haemost. 2016;116:587–589.
  • García-Fernández A, Roldán V, Rivera-Caravaca JM, et al. Does von Willebrand factor improve the predictive ability of current risk stratification scores in patients with atrial fibrillation? Sci Rep. 2017;7:41565.
  • Kirchhof P, Lip GY, Van Gelder IC, et al. Comprehensive risk reduction in patients with atrial fibrillation: Emerging diagnostic and therapeutic options. Executive summary of the report from the 3rd AFNET/EHRA consensus conference. Thromb Haemost. 2011;106:1012–1019.
  • Szymanski FM, Lip GY, Filipiak KJ, et al. Stroke risk factors beyond the CHA(2)DS(2)-VASc Score: can we improve our identification of “High Stroke Risk” Patients With Atrial Fibrillation? Am J Cardiol. 2015;116:1781–1788.
  • Wan Y, Heneghan C, Perera R, et al. Anticoagulation control and prediction of adverse events in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2008;1:84–91.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.