1,518
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Left atrial thrombus resolution in non-valvular atrial fibrillation or flutter: biomarker substudy results from a prospective study with rivaroxaban (X-TRA)

ORCID Icon, , , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 511-518 | Received 29 Mar 2018, Accepted 27 Jun 2018, Published online: 29 Jan 2019

References

  • Odell JA, Blackshear JL, Davies E, et al. Thoracoscopic obliteration of the left atrial appendage: potential for stroke reduction? Ann Thorac Surg. 1996;61:565–569.
  • Wallace TW, Atwater BD, Daubert JP, et al. Prevalence and clinical characteristics associated with left atrial appendage thrombus in fully anticoagulated patients undergoing catheter-directed atrial fibrillation ablation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2010;21:849–852.
  • Wasmer K, Kobe J, Dechering D, et al . CHADS(2) and CHA(2)DS (2)-VASc score of patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter and newly detected left atrial t atrial thrombus. Clin Res Cardiol. 2013;102:139–144.
  • Wyrembak J, Campbell KB, Steinberg BA, et al. Incidence and predictors of left atrial appendage thrombus in patients treated with nonvitamin k oral anticoagulants versus warfarin before catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 2017;119:1017–1022.
  • Bertaglia E, Anselmino M, Zorzi A, et al. NOACs and atrial fibrillation: incidence and predictors of left atrial thrombus in the real world. Int J Cardiol. 2017;249:179–183.
  • Stoddard MF, Singh P, Dawn B, et al. Left atrial thrombus predicts transient ischemic attack in patients with atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J. 2003;145:676–682.
  • Watson T, Shantsila E, Lip GY. Mechanisms of thrombogenesis in atrial fibrillation: Virchow's triad revisited. Lancet. 2009;373:155–166.
  • Lip G, Freedman B, De Caterina R, et al. Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: Past, present and future. Comparing the guidelines and practical decision-making. Thromb Haemost. 2017;117:1230–1239.
  • Li YG, Pastori D, Lip GYH. Fitting the right non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant to the right patient with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: an evidence-based choice. Ann Med. 2018;50:288–302.
  • Corrado G, Tadeo G, Beretta S, et al. Atrial thrombi resolution after prolonged anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation. Chest. 1999;115:140–143.
  • Jaber WA, Prior DL, Thamilarasan M, et al. Efficacy of anticoagulation in resolving left atrial and left atrial appendage thrombi: a transesophageal echocardiographic study. Am Heart J. 2000;140:150–156.
  • Saeed M, Rahman A, Afzal A, et al. Role of transesophageal echocardiography guided cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation, previous left atrial thrombus and effective anticoagulation. Int J Cardiol. 2006;113:401–405.
  • Fukuda S, Watanabe H, Shimada K, et al. Left atrial thrombus and prognosis after anticoagulation therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Cardiol. 2011;58:266–277.
  • Vidal A, Vanerio G. Dabigatran and left atrial appendage thrombus. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2012;34:545–547.
  • Hammerstingl C, Potzsch B, Nickenig G. Resolution of giant left atrial appendage thrombus with rivaroxaban. Thromb Haemost. 2013;109:583–584.
  • Kawakami T, Kobayakawa H, Ohno H, et al. Resolution of left atrial appendage thrombus with apixaban. Thromb J. 2013;11:26.
  • Ferner M, Wachtlin D, Konrad T, et al. Rationale and design of the RE-LATED AF–AFNET 7 trial: resolution of left atrial-appendage thrombus–effects of dabigatran in patients with atrial fibrillation. Clin Res Cardiol. 2016;105:29–36.
  • Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kotecha D, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:2893–2962.
  • Lip GY, Hammerstingl C, Marin F, et al. Left atrial thrombus resolution in atrial fibrillation or flutter: Results of a prospective study with rivaroxaban (X-TRA) and a retrospective observational registry providing baseline data (CLOT-AF). Am Heart J. 2016;178:126–134.
  • Engelmann MD, Svendsen JH. Inflammation in the genesis and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:2083–2092.
  • Guo Y, Lip GY, Apostolakis S. Inflammation in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:2263–2270.
  • Ridker PM, Hennekens CH, Buring JE, et al. C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:836–843.
  • Ridker PM, Rifai N, Stampfer MJ, et al. Plasma concentration of interleukin-6 and the risk of future myocardial infarction among apparently healthy men. Circulation. 2000;101:1767–1772.
  • Aviles RJ, Martin DO, Apperson-Hansen C, et al. Inflammation as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 2003;108:3006–3010.
  • Marott SC, Nordestgaard BG, Zacho J, et al. Does elevated C-reactive protein increase atrial fibrillation risk? A Mendelian randomization of 47,000 individuals from the general population. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56:789–795.
  • Schnabel RB, Larson MG, Yamamoto JF, et al. Relation of multiple inflammatory biomarkers to incident atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 2009;104:92–96.
  • Smith JG, Newton-Cheh C, Almgren P, et al. Assessment of conventional cardiovascular risk factors and multiple biomarkers for the prediction of incident heart failure and atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56:1712–1719.
  • Conway DS, Buggins P, Hughes E, et al. Relationship of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein to the prothrombotic state in chronic atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:2075–2082.
  • Akar JG, Jeske W, Wilber DJ. Acute onset human atrial fibrillation is associated with local cardiac platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51:1790–1793.
  • Kaski JC, Arrebola-Moreno AL. [Inflammation and thrombosis in atrial fibrillation]. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2011;64:551–553.
  • Yacoub D, Hachem A, Theoret JF, et al. Enhanced levels of soluble CD40 ligand exacerbate platelet aggregation and thrombus formation through a CD40-dependent tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-2/Rac1/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010;30:2424–2433.
  • Campbell RA, Vieira-de-Abreu A, Rowley JW, et al. Clots are potent triggers of inflammatory cell gene expression: indications for timely fibrinolysis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2017;37:1819–1827.
  • Shahid F, Lip GYH, Shantsila E. Role of monocytes in heart failure and atrial fibrillation. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7:e007849.
  • Hara T, Fukuda D, Tanaka K, et al. Rivaroxaban, a novel oral anticoagulant, attenuates atherosclerotic plaque progression and destabilization in ApoE-deficient mice. Atherosclerosis 2015;242:639–646.
  • Pingel S, Tiyerili V, Mueller J, et al. Thrombin inhibition by dabigatran attenuates atherosclerosis in ApoE deficient mice. Aoms. 2014;1:154–160.
  • Borensztajn K, Peppelenbosch MP, Spek CA. Factor Xa: at the crossroads between coagulation and signaling in physiology and disease. Trends Mol Med. 2008;14:429–440.
  • Ellinghaus P, Perzborn E, Hauenschild P, et al. Expression of pro-inflammatory genes in human endothelial cells: Comparison of rivaroxaban and dabigatran. Thromb Res. 2016;142:44–51.
  • Lip GY, Lowe GD. Fibrin D-dimer: a useful clinical marker of thrombogenesis?. Clin Sci. 1995;89:205–214.
  • Habara S, Dote K, Kato M, et al. Prediction of left atrial appendage thrombi in non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J. 2007;28:2217–2222.
  • Lip GY, Rumley A, Dunn FG, et al. Plasma fibrinogen and fibrin D-dimer in patients with atrial fibrillation: effects of cardioversion to sinus rhythm. Int J Cardiol. 1995;51:245–251.
  • Mueck W, Stampfuss J, Kubitza D, et al. Clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of rivaroxaban. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2014;53:1–16.
  • Xie W, Santulli G, Reiken SR, et al. Mitochondrial oxidative stress promotes atrial fibrillation. Sci Rep. 2015;5:11427.
  • Wallentin L, Hijazi Z, Andersson U, et al. Growth differentiation factor 15, a marker of oxidative stress and inflammation, for risk assessment in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) trial. Circulation 2014;130:1847–1858.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.