Birthplace predicts risk for prehospital sudden cardiac death in middle-aged men who migrated to metropolitan area: The Helsinki Sudden Death Study

References

• Myerburg RJ, Interian A, Jr, Mitrani RM, Kessler KM, Castellanos A. Frequency of sudden cardiac death and profiles of risk. Am J Cardiol. 1997; 80: 10F–19F
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goraya TY, Jacobsen SJ, Kottke TE, Frye RL, Weston SA, Roger VL. Coronary heart disease death and sudden cardiac death: a 20-year population-based study. Am J Epidemiol. 2003; 157: 763–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuulasmaa K, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Dobson A, Fortmann S, Sans S, Tolonen H, et al. Estimation of contribution of changes in classic risk factors to trends in coronary-event rates across the WHO MONICA Project population. Lancet. 2000; 355: 675–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huikuri HV, Castellanos A, Myerburg RJ. Sudden death due to cardiac arrhythmias. N Engl J Med. 2001; 20: 1473–83
   Google Scholar
• Salomaa V, Ketonen M, Koukkunen H, Immonen-Räihä P, Jerkkola T, Kärjä-Koskenkari P, et al. Decline in out-of-hospital coronary heart disease deaths has contributed the main part of the overall decline in coronary heart disease mortality rates among persons 35 to 64 years of age in Finland. The FINAMI Study. Circulation. 2003; 108: 691–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilveskoski E, Perola M, Lehtimäki T, Laippala P, Savolainen V, Pajarinen J, et al. Age-dependent association of apolipoprotein E genotype with coronary and aortic atherosclerosis in middle-aged men: an autopsy study. Circulation. 1999; 100: 608–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikkelsson J, Perola M, Penttilä A, Karhunen PJ. Platelet glycoprotein Ibalpha HPA-2 Met/VNTR B haplotype as a genetic predictor of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. Circulation. 2001; 104: 876–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aalto-Setälä K, Viikari J, Åkerblom HK, Kuusela V, Kontula K. DNA polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein B and A-I/C-III-genes are associated with variations of serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol level in childhood. J Lipid Res. 1991; 32: 1477–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salomaa VV, Rasi VP, Vahtera EM, Pekkanen J, Pursiainen M, Jauhiainen M, et al. Haemostatic factors and lipoprotein (a) in three geographical areas in Finland: the Finrisk Haemostasis Study. J Cardiovasc Risk. 1994; 1: 241–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Perola M, Sajantila A, Sarti C, Stengård J, Tamminen M, Puska P, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotypes in the high-and low risk area for coronary heart disease in Finland. Genet Epidemiol. 1995; 12: 391–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vuorio AF, Turtola H, Piilahti KM, Repo P, Kanninen T, Kontula K. Familial hypercholesterolemia in the Finnish North-Karelia. A molecular, clinical, and genealogical study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997; 17: 3127–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kittles RA, Perola M, Peltonen L, Bergen AW, Aragon RA, Virkkunen M, et al. Dual origins of Finns revealed by Y chromosome haplotype variation. Am J Hum Genet. 1998; 62: 1171–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norio R. Finnish disease heritage I: characteristics, cause, background. Hum Genet. 2003; 112: 441–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kottke TE, Puska P, Salonen JT, Tuomilehto J, Nissinen A. Changes in perceived heart disease risk and health during a community-based heart disease prevention program: the North Karelia project. Am J Public Health. 1984; 74: 1404–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jousilahti P, Vartiainen E, Tuomilehto J, Pekkanen J, Puska P. Role of known risk factors in explaining the difference in the risk of coronary heart disease between eastern and south-western Finland. Ann Med. 1998; 30: 481–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salomaa V, Ketonen M, Koukkunen H, Immonen-Räihä P, Jerkkola T, Kärjä-Koskenkari P, et al. Trends in coronary events in Finland during 1983–1997; The FINAMI study. Eur Heart J. 2003; 24: 311–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Committee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography (CICRED). The Population of Finland, A World Population Year Monograph. Hämeenlinna: Central Statistical Office; 1974. p. 30–32. Available from: http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Publications/pdf/c-c15.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Statistical Yearbook of City of Helsinki. Helsinki: Helsingin Kaupunki, Tietokeskus; 1993; 81. p.40–1.
   Google Scholar
• Kaprio J, Norio R, Pesonen E, Sarna S. Intimal thickening of the coronary arteries in infants in relation to family history of coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1993; 87: 1960–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koskinen S. Origins of regional differences in mortality from ischaemic heart disease in Finland. NAWH Research Reports 41. National Research and Development Center for Welfare and Health, HelsinkiFinland 1994; 116–47
   Google Scholar
• Valkonen T. Male mortality from ischaemic heart disease in Finland: relation to region of birth and region of residence. Eur J Popul. 1987; 3: 61–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang J, Madhavan S, Alderman MH. The association between birthplace and mortality from cardiovascular causes among black and white residents of New York City. N Engl J Med. 1996; 335: 1545–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jartti L, Raitakari OT, Kaprio J, Järvisalo MJ, Toikka JO, Marniemi J, et al. Increased carotid intima-media thickness in men born in east Finland: a twin study of the effects of birthplace and migration to Sweden on subclinical atherosclerosis. Ann Med. 2002; 34: 162–70
   Google Scholar
• Sundquist K, Li X. Coronary heart disease risk in first- and second-generation immigrants in Sweden: a follow-up study. J Intern Med. 2006; 259: 418–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elford J, Phillips AN, Thomson AG, Shaper AG. Migration and geographic variations in ischaemic heart disease in Great Britain. Lancet. 1989; 1: 343–6
   Google Scholar
• Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Whincup PH, Walker M. Migration within Great Britain and cardiovascular disease: early life and adult environmental factors. Int J Epidemiol. 2002; 31: 1054–60
   Google Scholar
• Strachan DP, Leon DA, Dodgeon B. Mortality from cardiovascular disease among interregional migrants in England and Wales. BMJ. 1995; 310: 423–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kagan A, Yano K, Reed DM, MacLean CJ. Predictors of sudden cardiac death among Hawaiian-Japanese men. Am J Epidemiol. 1989; 130: 268–77
   Google Scholar
• Fleming MF, Barry KL, MacDonald R. The alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) in a college sample. Int J Addict. 1991; 26: 1173–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selzer ML. Michigan alcoholism screening test (MAST): preliminary report. Univ Mich Med Cent J. 1968; 34: 143–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karhunen PJ, Penttilä A. Validity of post-mortem alcohol reports. Alcohol Alcohol. 1990; 25: 25–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• http://pxweb2.stat.fi/Database/StatFin/ter/ksyyt/ksyyt_fi.asp, Statistics Finland 2007. Causes of Death by Age, Sex and Municipal. Available from (accessed 10 Mar 2007)
   Google Scholar
• Marenberg ME, Risch N, Berkman LF, Floderus B, De Faire U. Genetic susceptibility to death from coronary hearth disease in a study of twins. N Engl J Med. 1994; 330: 1041–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizuno K, Satomura K, Miyamoto A, Arakawa K, Shibuya T, Arai T, et al. Angioscopic evaluation of coronary-artery thrombi in acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 1992; 326: 287–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Gaag MS, van Tol A, Vermunt SH, Scheek LM, Schaafsma G, Hendriks HF. Alcohol consumption stimulates early steps in reverse cholesterol transport. J Lipid Res. 2001; 42: 2077–83
   Google Scholar
• Hendriks HF, Veenstra J, Velthuis-te Wierik EJ, Schaafsma G, Kluft C. Effect of moderate dose of alcohol with evening meal on fibrinolytic factors. BMJ. 1994; 308: 1003–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman LA, Kimball AW. Coronary heart disease mortality and alcohol consumption in Framingham. Am J Epidemiol. 1986; 124: 481–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wannamethee G, Shaper AG. Alcohol and sudden cardiac death. Br Heart J. 1992; 68: 443–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kauhanen J, Kaplan GA, Goldberg DE, Salonen JT. Beer drinking and mortality: results from the Kuopio ishaemic heart disease risk factor study, a prospective population based study. BMJ. 1997; 315: 846–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salonen JT, Puska P, Kottke TE, Tuomilehto J, Nissinen A. Decline in mortality from coronary heart disease in Finland from 1969 to 1979. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1983; 286: 1857–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubinette A, Cnattingius S, Ekbom A, de Faire U, Kramer M, Lichtenstein P. Birthweight, early environment, and genetics: a study of twins discordant for acute myocardial infarction. Lancet. 2001; 357: 1997–2001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker DJ, Forsen T, Uutela A, Osmond C, Eriksson JG. Size at birth and resilience to effects of poor living conditions in adult life: longitudinal study. BMJ. 2001; 323: 1273–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar