Circulating levels of adiponectin, leptin, and tumour necrosis factor α in hypertension

References

• MacMahon S, Peto R, Cutler J, Collins R, Sorlie P, Neaton J, et al. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 1. Prolonged differences in blood pressure: prospective observational studies corrected for the regression dilution bias. Lancet. 1990; 335: 765–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins R, Peto R, MacMahon S, Hebert P, Fiebach NH, Eberlein KA, et al. Blood pressure, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Part 2. Short-term reductions in blood pressure: overview of randomised drug trials in their epidemiological context. Lancet. 1990; 335: 827–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel JV, Lim HS, Gunarathne A, Tracey I, Durrington PN, Hughes EA, et al. Ethnic differences in myocardial infarction in patients with hypertension: effects of diabetes mellitus. QJM. 2008; 101: 231–6
   Google Scholar
• Williams B, Lacy PS, Thom SM, Cruickshank K, Stanton A, Collier D, et al. CAFE Investigators; Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial Investigators; CAFE Steering Committee and Writing Committee. Differential impact of blood pressure-lowering drugs on central aortic pressure and clinical outcomes: principal results of the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) study. Circulation. 2006; 113: 1213–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundy SM, Brewer HB, Jr, Cleeman JI, Smith SC, Jr, Lenfant C. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association. Definition of metabolic syndrome: report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association conference on scientific issues related to definition. Circulation. 2004; 109: 433–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA. 2002; 287: 356–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakka HM, Laaksonen DE, Lakka TA, Niskanen LK, Kumpusalo E, Tuomilehto J, et al. The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. JAMA. 2002; 288: 2709–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isomaa B, Almgren P, Tuomi T, Forsén B, Lahti K, Nissén M, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care. 2001; 24: 683–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alberti KGMM, Zimmet P, Shaw J. for the IDF Epidemiology Task Force Consensus Group. The metabolic syndrome—a new worldwide definition. Lancet. 2005; 366: 1059–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel JV, Lim HS, Hughes EA, Lip GY. Adiponectin and hypertension: a putative link between adipocyte function and atherosclerotic risk?. J Hum Hypertens. 2007; 21: 1–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wassink AM, Olijhoek JK, Visseren FL. The metabolic syndrome: metabolic changes with vascular consequences. Eur J Clin Invest. 2007; 37: 8–17
   Google Scholar
• Arita Y, Kihara S, Ouchi N, Takahashi M, Maeda K, Miyagawa J, et al. Paradoxical decrease of an adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in obesity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999; 257: 79–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adamczak M, Wiecek A, Funahashi T, Chudek J, Kokot F, Matsuzawa Y. Decreased plasma adiponectin concentration in patients with essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2003; 6: 72–5
   Google Scholar
• Mahmud A, Feely J. Adiponectin and arterial stiffness. Am J Hypertens. 2005; 18: 1543–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallamaci F, Zoccali C, Cuzzola F, Tripepi G, Cutrupi S, Parlongo S, et al. Adiponectin in essential hypertension. J Nephrol. 2002; 15: 507–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furuhashi M, Ura N, Higashiura K, Murakami H, Tanaka M, Moniwa N, et al. Blockade of the renin-angiotensin system increases adiponectin concentrations in patients with essential hypertension. Hypertension. 2003; 42: 76–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banks WA. The many lives of leptin. Peptides. 2004; 25: 331–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quilliot D, Böhme P, Zannad F, Ziegler O. Sympathetic-leptin relationship in obesity: effect of weight loss. Metabolism. 2008; 57: 555–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi N, Waelput W, Guisez Y. Leptin is an endogenous protective protein against the toxicity exerted by tumour necrosis factor. J Exp Med. 1999; 189: 207–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sever PS, Dahlöf B, Poulter NR, Wedel H, Beevers G, Caulfield M, et al. ASCOT Steering Committee, Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial. Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial: a brief history, rationale and outline protocol. J Hum Hypertens 2001; 15(Suppl 1)S11–2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Agata J, Masuda A, Takada M, Higashiura K, Murakami H, Miyazaki Y, et al. High plasma immunoreactive leptin level in essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 1997; 10: 1171–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouchi N, Ohishi M, Kihara S, Funahashi T, Nakamura T, Nagaretani H, et al. Association of hypoadiponectinemia with impaired vasoreactivity. Hypertension. 2003; 42: 231–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cigolini M, Targher G, Bergamo Andreis IA, Tonoli M, Agostino G, et al. Visceral fat accumulation and its relation to plasma hemostatic factors in healthy men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1996; 16: 368–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hotta K, Funahashi T, Arita Y, Takahashi M, Matsuda M, Okamoto Y, et al. Plasma concentrations of a novel, adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in type 2 diabetic patients. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000; 20: 1595–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim HS, Tayebjee MH, Tan KT, Patel JV, Macfadyen RJ, Lip GYH. Severity differences and relation to coronary artery disease serum adiponectin in coronary heart disease: Heart. 2005; 91: 1605–6
   Google Scholar
• Park YW, Zhu S, Palaniappan L, Heshka S, Carnethon MR, Heymsfield SB. The metabolic syndrome: prevalence and associated risk factor findings in the US population from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. Arch Intern Med. 2003; 163: 427–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar