Predictors of mental health and quality of life in male tortured refugees

References

• Chung RC, Kagawa-Singer M. Predictors of psychological distress among Southeast Asian refugees. Soc Sci Med 1993; 36: 631–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaranson JM, Butcher J, Halcon L, Johnson DR, Robertson C, Savik K, et al. Somali and Oromo refugees: Correlates of torture and trauma history. Am J Public Health 2004; 94: 591–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermansson A-C, Timpka T, Thyberg M. The mental health of war-wounded refugees: An 8-year follow-up. J Nerv Ment Dis 2002; 190: 374–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrestha NM, Sharma B, Van Ommeren M, Regmi S, Makaju R, Komproe I, et al. Impact of torture on refugees displaced within the developing world: Symptomatology among Bhutanese refugees in Nepal. JAMA 1998; 280: 443–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorst-Unsworth C, Goldenberg E. Psychological sequelae of torture and organised violence suffered by refugees from Iraq, trauma-related factors compared with social factors in exile. Br J Psychiatry 1998; 172: 90–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silove D, Sinnerbrink I, Field A, Manicavasagar V, Steel Z. Anxiety, depression and PTSD in asylum-seekers: Associations with pre-migration trauma and post-migration stressors. Br J Psychiatry 1997; 170: 351–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mollica RF, McInnes K, Pham T, Smith Fawzi MC, Murphy E, Lin L. The dose–effect relationships between torture and psychiatric symptoms in Vietnamese ex-political detainees and a comparison group. J Nerv Ment Dis 1998; 186: 543–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson EB, Rosser-Hogan R. Cross-cultural response to trauma: A study of traumatic experiences and posttraumatic symptoms in Cambodian refugees. J Trauma Stress 1994; 7: 43–58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinton WL, Tiet Q, Tran CG, Chesney M. Predictors of depression among refugees from Vietnam: A longitudinal study of new arrivals. J Nerv Ment Dis 1997; 185: 39–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beiser M, Hou F. Language acquisition, unemployment and depressive disorder among Southeast Asian refugees: A 10-year study. Soc Sci Med 2001; 53: 1321–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hauff E, Vaglum P. Organised violence and the stress of exile – Predictors of mental health in a community cohort of Vietnamese refugees three years after resettlement. Br J Psychiatry 1995; 166: 360–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavik NJ, Hauff E, Skrondal A, Solberg Ø. Mental disorder among refugees and the impact of persecution and exile: Some findings from an out-patient population. Br J Psychiatry 1996; 169: 726–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermansson AC, Thyberg M, Timpka T, Gerdle B. Survival with pain: An eight-year follow-up of war-wounded refugees. Med Confl Surviv 2001; 17: 102–11
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Ommeren M. Impact of torture. Psychiatric epidemiology among Bhutanese refugees in Nepal. Vrije University; 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Ekblad S, Belkic′ K, Eriksson NG. Health and disease among refugees and immigrants. A quantitative review approaching meta-analyses, implications for clinical practice and perspective for future research. Part I: Mental health outcomes. Edsbruk: Akademitryck; 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Basoglu M, Paker M, Ozmen E, Tasdemir O, Sahin D. Factors related to long-term traumatic stress responses in survivors of torture in Turkey. JAMA 1994; 272: 357–63
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldfeld AE, Mollica RF, Pesavento BH, Faraone SV. The physical and psychological sequelae of torture. Symptomatology and diagnosis. JAMA 1988; 259: 2725–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmussen OV. Medical aspects of torture. Torture types and their relation to symptoms and lesions in 200 victims followed by a description of the medical profession in relation to torture. Copenhagen: The Rehabilitation Centre for Torture Victims; 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Derogatis LR, Lipman RS, Rickels K, Uhlenhuth EH, Covi L. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL): A self-report symptom inventory. Behav Sci 1974; 19: 1–15
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mollica RF, Wyshak G, de Marneffe D, Tu B, Yang T, Khuon F, et al. Hopkins Symptom Checklist 25. Manual Cambodian, Laotian and Vietnamese versions. Torture Q J Rehab Torture Vict Prev Torture 2000; 1: 36–42
   Google Scholar
• Hollifield M, Warner TD, Lian N, Krakow B, Jenkins JH, Kesler J, et al. Measuring trauma and health status in refugees: A critical review. JAMA 2002; 288: 611–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleijn WC, Hovens JE, Rodenburg JJ. Posttraumatic stress symptoms in refugees: assessments with the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 in different languages. Psychol Rep 2001; 88: 527–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mollica RF, Wyshak G, de Marneffe D, Khuon F, Lavelle J. Indochinese versions of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25: a screening instrument for the psychiatric care of refugees. Am J Psychiatry 1987; 144: 497–500
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith Fawzi MC, Murphy E, Pham T, Lin L, Poole C, Mollica RF. The validity of screening for post-traumatic stress disorder and major depression among Vietnamese former political prisoners. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1997; 95: 87–93
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hinton WL, Du N, Chen YC, Tran CG, Newman TB, Lu FG. Screening for major depression in Vietnamese refugees: A validation and comparison of two instruments in a health screening population. J Gen Intern Med 1994; 9: 202–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavik NJ, Laake P, Hauff E, Solberg Ø. The use of self-reports in psychiatric studies of traumatized refugees: Validation and analysis of HSCL-25. Nord J Psychiatry 1999; 53: 17–20
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bøjholm S. Preface. Torture 1996; Suppl 1: 20
   Google Scholar
• Bech P. Rating scales for psychopathology, health status and quality of life. A compendium on documentation in accordance with the DSM-III-R and WHO systems. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Bech P, Kastrup M, Rafaelsen OJ. Mini-compendium of rating scales for states of anxiety depression mania schizophrenia with corresponding DSM-III syndromes. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1986; 326: 1–37
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stage KB, Middelboe T, Pisinger C. Measurement of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nord J Psychiatry 2003; 57: 297–301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamdi E, Amin Y, Abou-Saleh MT. Performance of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale in depressed patients in the United Arab Emirates. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1997; 96: 416–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mollica RF, Caspi-Yavin Y, Bollini P, Truong T, Tor S, Lavelle J. The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. Validating a cross-cultural instrument for measuring torture, trauma, and posttraumatic stress disorder in Indochinese refugees. J Nerv Ment Dis 1992; 180: 111–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mollica RF, Caspi-Yavin Y, Lavelle J, Tor S, Yang T, Chan S, et al. Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ). Manual Cambodian, Laotian and Vietnamese versions. Torture Q Rehab Torture Vict Prev Torture 1996; Suppl 1: 21–33
   Google Scholar
• Mollica RF, McInnes K, Sarajlic N, Lavelle J, Sarajlic I, Massagli MP. Disability associated with psychiatric comorbidity and health status in Bosnian refugees living in Croatia. JAMA 1999; 282: 433–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lie B. A 3-year follow-up study of psychosocial functioning and general symptoms in settled refugees. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2002; 106: 415–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopes CB, Vergara A, Agani F, Gotway CA. Mental health, social functioning, and attitudes of Kosovar Albanians following the war in Kosovo. JAMA 2000; 284: 569–77
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mollica RF, Sarajlic N, Chernoff M, Lavelle J, Vukovic IS, Massagli MP. Longitudinal study of psychiatric symptoms, disability, mortality, and emigration among Bosnian refugees. JAMA 2001; 286: 546–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orley J, Saxena S, Herrman H. Quality of life and mental illness. Reflections from the perspective of the WHOQOL. Br J Psychiatry 1998; 172: 291–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHOQOL Group. Measuring quality of life, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instruments (The WHOQOL-100 and the WHOQOL-Bref). 1–5. Geneva: WHO; 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Crescenzi A, Ketzer E, Van Ommeren M, Phuntsok K, Komproe I, de Jong JT. Effect of political imprisonment and trauma history on recent Tibetan refugees in India. J Trauma Stress 2002; 15: 369–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabin M, Lopes CB, Nackerud L, Kaiser R, Varese L. Factors associated with poor mental health among Guatemalan refugees living in Mexico 20 years after civil conflict. JAMA 2003; 290: 635–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekblad S, Roth G. Diagnosing posttraumatic stress disorder in multicultural patients in a Stockholm psychiatric clinic. J Nerv Ment Dis 1997; 185: 102–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moisander PA, Edston E. Torture and its sequel – a comparison between victims from six countries. Forensic Sci Int 2003; 137: 133–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thulesius H, Hakansson A. Screening for posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among Bosnian refugees. J Trauma Stress 1999; 12: 167–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewin CR, Andrews B, Valentine JD. Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. J Consult Clin Psychol 2000; 68: 748–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinzie JD, Boehnlein JK, Leung PK, Moore LJ, Riley C, Smith D. The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and its clinical significance among Southeast Asian refugees. Am J Psychiatry 1990; 147: 913–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar