Which factors are important predictors of non-recovery from major depression? A 2-year prospective observational study

References

• Simpson HB, Nee JC, Endicott J. First-episode major depression. Few sex differences in course. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997; 54: 633–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bech P, Cialdella P, Haugh MC, Birkett MA, Hours A, Boissel JP, et al. Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of fluoxetine v. placebo and tricyclic antidepressants in the short-term treatment of major depression. Brit J Psychiatr 2000; 176: 421–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh BT, Seidman SN, Sysko R, Gould M. Placebo response in studies of major depression: Variable, substantial, and growing. JAMA 2002; 287: 1840–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montgomery S, Ferguson JM, Schwartz GE. The antidepressant efficacy of reboxetine in patients with severe depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2003; 23: 45–50
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brugha TS, Bebbington PE, Stretch DD, MacCarthy B, Wykes T. Predicting the short-term outcome of first episodes and recurrences of clinical depression: A prospective study of life events, difficulties, and social support networks. J Clin Psychiatry 1997; 58: 298–306
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyers BS, Sirey JA, Bruce M, Hamilton M, Raue P, Friedman SJ, et al. Predictors of early recovery from major depression among persons admitted to community-based clinics. An observational study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002; 59: 729–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keitner GI, Ryan CE, Miller IW, Norman WH. Recovery and major depression: Factors associated with twelve-month outcome. Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149: 93–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller MB, Lavori PW, Mueller TI, Endicott J, Coryell W, Hirschfeld RM, et al. Time to recovery, chronicity, and levels of psychopathology in major depression: A 5-year prospective follow-up of 431 subjects. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49: 809–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezquiaga E, García A, Pallarés T, Bravo MF. Psychosocial predictors of outcome in major depression: A prospective 12-month study. J Affect Disord 1999; 52: 209–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoencamp E, Haffmans PMJ., Griens AMGF, Huijbrechts IPAM, Heycop ten Ham BF. A 3.5-year naturalistic follow-up study of depressed out-patients. J Affect Disord 2001; 66: 267–71
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy N, Abbott R, Paykel ES. Longitudinal syndromal and sub-syndromal symptoms after severe depression: 10-year follow-up study. Br J Psychiatry 2004; 184: 330–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pini S, Perkonnig A, Tansella M, Wittchen HU. Prevalence and 12-month outcome of threshold and subthreshold mental disorders in primary care. J Affect Disord 1999; 56: 37–48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon GE, Von Korff M. Recognition, management, and outcome of depression in primary care. Arch Fam Med 1995; 4: 99–105
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Solomon DA, Keller MB, Leon AC, Mueller TI, Shea MT, Warshaw M, et al. Recovery from major depression. A 10-year prospective follow-up across multiple episodes. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997; 54: 1001–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paykel E, Hollyman J, Freeling P, Sedgwick P. Predictors of therapeutic benefit of amitriptyline in mild depression: A general practice placebo-controlled trial. J Affect Disord 1988; 14: 83–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melartin TK, Rytsälä HJ, Leskelä US, Lestelä-Mielonen PS, Sokero TP, Isometsä ET. Severity and comorbidity predict episode duration and recurrence of DSM-IV major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 65: 810–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shea MT, Pilkonis PA, Beckham E, Collins JF, Elkin I, Sotsky SM, et al. Personality disorders and treatment outcome in the NIMH treatment of depression collaborative research program. Am J Psychiatry 1990; 147: 711–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato T, Sakado K, Sato S. Is there any specific personality disorder or personality disorder cluster that worsens the short-term treatment outcome of major depression?. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1993; 88: 342–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corruble E, Ginestet D, Guelfi JD. Comorbidity of personality disorders and unipolar major depression: A review. J Affect Disord 1996; 37: 157–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gude T, Vaglum P. One-year follow-up of patients with cluster C personality disorders: A prospective study comparing patients with “pure” and comorbid conditions within cluster C, and “pure” C with “pure” cluster A or B conditions. J Pers Disord 2001; 15: 216–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulder RT. Personality pathology and treatment outcome in major depression: A review. Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159: 359–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells KB, Stewart A, Hays RD, Burman MA, Rogers W, Daniels M, et al. The functioning and well-being of depressed patients. Results from the medical outcomes study. JAMA 1989; 262: 914–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCoy DM. Treatment considerations for depression in patients with significant medical comorbidity. J Fam Practice 1996; 43: S35–S44
   Google Scholar
• Keller MB, Shapiro RW, Lavori PW, Wolfe N. Recovery in major depressive disorder: Analysis with the life table and regression models. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982; 39: 905–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohn Y, Zislin J, Agid O, Hanin B, Troudart T, Shapira B, et al. Increased prevalence of negative life events in subtypes of major depressive disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2001; 42: 57–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romanov K, Varjonen J, Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M. Life events and depressiveness – The effect of adjustment for psychosocial factors, somatic health and genetic liability. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2003; 107: 25–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eccleston D, Scott J. Treatment, prediction of relapse and prognosis of chronic primary major depression. Int J Clin Psychopharmacol 1991;2 Suppl:3–10.
   Google Scholar
• Post RM. Transduction of psychosocial stress into the neurobiology of recurrent affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149: 999–1010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown GW, Harris TO, Hepworth C. Life events and endogenous depression: A puzzle re-examined. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51: 525–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paykel ES, Cooper Z. Life events and social stress. In Paykel ES, editor. Handbook of affective disorders, 2nd edition. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1992. p. 149–70.
   Google Scholar
• Patten SB, Stuart HL, Russell ML, Maxwell CJ, Arboleda-Flórez J. Epidemiology of major depression in a predominantly rural health region. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2003; 38: 360–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang JL. Rural-urban differences in the prevalence of major depression and associated impairment. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2004; 39: 19–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostler K, Thompson C, Kinmoth A-LK, Peveler RC, Stevens L, Stevens A. Influence of socio-economic deprivation on the prevalence and outcome of depression in primary care. The Hampshire Depression Project. Br J Psychiatry 2001; 178: 12–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitzer RL, Forman JBW, Gibbon M. In: Structured clinical interview for DSM-III-R (SCID). New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research; 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Gibbon M, First MB. Structured clinical interview for DSM-III-R personality disorders (SCID-II, Version 1.0). American Psychiatric Press, Washington 1990
   Google Scholar
• Zimmermann M. Diagnosing personality disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51: 225–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck AT, Steer RA, Garbin MG. Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression. Inventory. Twenty-five years of evaluation. Clin Psychol Rev 1988; 8: 77–100
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neuros Psychiatry 1960; 23: 56–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joukamaa M, Miettunen J, Kokkonen P, Koskinen M, Julkunen J, Kauhanen J, et al. Psychometric properties of the Finnish 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Nord J Psychiatry 2001; 55: 123–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagby RM, Parker JDA, Taylor GJ. The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale-I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. J Psychosom Res 1994; 38: 43–8
   Google Scholar
• Allardt E. About dimensions of welfare: An explanatory analysis of the comparative Scandinavian survey. University of Helsinki. Research Group of Comparative Sociology. Research reports number 1, 1973.
   Google Scholar
• Koivumaa-Honkanen HT, Honkanen R, Viinamäki H, Heikkilä K, Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M. Life satisfaction and suicide: A 20-year follow-up study. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158: 433–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JWB, Endicott J. Global assessment of functioning (GAF) scale. Outcome assessment in clinical practice, LI. Sederer, B Dickey. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD 1966
   Google Scholar
• Lehtinen V, Joukamaa M, Kuusela V, Lahtela K, Raitasalo R. Survey methods for mental disorders. Part 4. In: Aromaa A, Heliövaara M, Impivaara O, Knekt P, Maatela J, editors. The execution of the Mini-Finland health survey. Helsinki: Social Insurance Institution (ML: 51), 1985 (In Finnish, English summary.).
   Google Scholar
• Rahe RH. Epidemiological studies of life change and illness. Psychosomatic medicine. Current trends and clinical applications, ZJ Lipowski, DR Lipsitt, PC Whybrow. Oxford University Press, New York 1997; 421–34
   Google Scholar
• Paykel ES. Methodological aspects of life events research. J Psychosom Res 1983; 27: 341–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorvaniemi M, Helenius H, Salokangas RKR. Improved pharmacotherapy of major depression in psychiatric outpatient care. Nord J Psychiatry 1998; 52: 155–61
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viinamäki H, Tanskanen A, Koivumaa-Honkanen H, Haatainen K, Honkalampi K, Antikainen R, et al. Cluster C personality disorder and recovery from major depression: 24-month prospective follow-up. J Pers Disord 2003; 17: 341–50
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narud K, Mykletun A, Dahl AA. Experienced therapists' opinions on central issues in psychodynamic psychotherapy of patients with personality disorders. Nord J Psychiatry 2003; 57: 461–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leskelä US, Melartin TK, Lestelä-Mielonen PS, Rytsälä HJ, Sokero TP, Heikkinen ME, et al. Life events, social support, and onset of major depressive episode in Finnish patients. J Nerv Ment Dis 2004; 192: 373–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narud K, Mykletun A, Dahl AA. A comparison of gains after treatment at a psychiatric outpatient clinic in patients with cluster A + B, or cluster C personality disorders, and non-psychotic axis I disorders. Nord J Psychiatry 2005; 59: 331–338
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar